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References

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Cotton, D., Falvey, D., Kent, S. (2004). Market Leader. Intermediate business English. Pearson Longman.

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Student's Research. Planning. Writing. Editing = Научный доклад на английском языке. Планирование. Письмо. Редактирование: учеб. пособие для студ. 3 курса фак. философии и социальных наук и студ. магистратуры / [авт. – сост. Е. В. Макарова]. – Минск : БГУ, 2005.

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1 There exists a certain number of citation standards such as MLA style (the Modern Language Association Method) APA style (American Psychology Association style), The Columbia Style, etc. In this book we use APA style as the one of the most commonly used standards. If you want to know more about this style or are asked to use APA style, the book to consult is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition). It contains guidelines for every aspect of writing, especially in the social sciences (e.g. how to avoid plagiarism, construct accurate reference citations, etc.).

2 There exist different traditions in presenting structural elements of the university. In particular, such one as a faculty, department, chair. In our book the widest notion is a faculty with a dean as a head of it. Different departments train students in different professions and specialization. Chairs organize the teaching staff for training of the students of their departments and so do faculties. For example, the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences has four departments (philosophy, social communication, psychology, and sociology). There are five chairs – the Chair of Philosophy and Methodology of Science, Philosophy of Culture, Sociology, Psychology, Social Communication. Besides, there are chairs that do not affiliate to faculty directly, such as Chairs of Foreign Languages (English, German, etc.), the Chair of Physical Education, the Chair of Pedagogy. These Chairs train students of different Faculties simultaneously.

3 The word 'cortege' is a new one in such a context. For us cortege is the environment that helps people to build its center. How do we know that the President is a president or the Queen is a queen if we meet them somewhere in the street? The ‘environment’ (those who are following the President or the Queen) is helpful here. Otherwise, the cortege if there is no the cortege, these people are just citizens and don’t want to be recognized by its status (though it’s a very rare case). The common tradition is to show the status by the social environment. As we see, cortege builds the status as “Clothes make the man”. In real communication both the listener is the cortege of the speaker, while the speaker is the cortege of the listener. Each entitles the role which can be changed if the relationship between the communicants changes. If you want to be an effective communicant, think of the role you play in communication and the role you inscribe on those with whom you communicate. Change it whenever you feel necessary. Both you and the other communicant should remember each is forming of the other. You are a holistic group while communicating. In other case, the communication is a failure.

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