I. State whether the following are true or false:
1.The ideas of humanism were abstraction for Michelangelo.
2.He designed fortifications for Florence.
3.Being a sculptor he agreed to make frescoes
in the Sistine Chapel.
4.This work was titanic.
5.He hadn’t read the Bible before he started his work.
6.One version of Pieta is in the Sistine Chapel.
II. Answer the questions:
1.Why do we call Michelangelo a genius.
2.Why didn’t his father, a merchant, allow him to be an artist?
3.How did he use to work?
4.What ideals did he reflect in his art?
5.Why was he a versatile man?
6.Why do people travel to Italy to see his works?
Home assignment: Michelangelo. Whatever you prefer to do: an essay, a plan, a thesis, your own impressions.
Lesson nineteen.
Exercise 1. Let's revise a few key words, expressions and sentences from the previous lessons; it would be good if you read them and recollect the context in which they occurred, or just explain their meaning; or make up your own sentence with them:
1. Harmony is eternal;
2. Nature is the realm of harmony;
3. Love, purity of heart and high morality;
4. to be /live/ in harmony with;
5. to create for good against evil;
6. The universal love - a source of creativity;
7. What we choose or create depends on us;
8. The most important thing for ... is the lofty spirit;
9. to have a unique vision, a wonderful eye-memory, a fantastic visual memory;
10. to swallow the impressions, to perceive the shapes and colours;
11. Life-asserting, humane, optimistic portrayal of life;
12. Focus one's attention, concentrate on, be insatiable in one's search, quest;
13. to be a life-long passion, aim, purpose, ideal, motto;
14. Art is eternal, never-ending.
Exercise 2. The giants of the Renaissance and their ideals were lofty and life-asserting; their talents were fantastic and versatile; they were insatiable in work and in their search and immortal quest for the universal love and eternal harmony. It's your chance to share your thoughts and ideas about Michelangelo.
Exercise 3. From Heaven to Earth, from Michelangelo to English Grammar. Use articles, where necessary, please:
1. ... building, though plain outside for ... palace, is elegantly furnished within, and finely frescoed - that is ... walls and ... ceiling are covered with ... groups and ... designs painted directly upon them while ... plaster was fresh. Some of ... rooms are tapestried /завішаний гобеленами/ with ... Chinese silk, beautifully embroidered. One contains ... number of... family portraits, among them ... group of ... royal children. ... children were painted many ... time by ... Dutch artist Van Dyck, who was ... court painter to their father, Charles ... First of England. ... beautiful children they were! What ... deal of ... trouble ... English nation would have been spared, had they been as perfect in ... heart and in...soul as they were in ... form!
2. Ascending ... grand staircase ... boys soon found themselves in rather ... gloomy apartment, containing ... masterpiece of Lucas van Leyden, ... Dutch artist born four hundred and seventy years ago, who became distinguished in... art when only ...15.
... picture, called "...Last Judgement", considering ... remote age in which it was painted, is truly... remarkable production. ... boys, however, were less interested in tracing out ... merits of ...work than they were in ... fact of its being ... triptych
['hınʤız] - that is, painted on ... three divisions. ... two outer ones swung on ... hinges so as to close, when required, over ... main portion.
Home assignment: revision of the material of the Unit; you may split the whole into separate problems:
1. The role of arts in the life of people.
2. The most famous art museums of the world and their masterpieces.
3. The Golden Age in the history of British Art.
4. William Hogarth - the creator of a satirical pictorial history of his age.
5. Great landscape and portrait painters Reynolds and Gainsborough.
6. William Turner - the predecessor on Impressionism.
7. Ukrainian Art - Fedir Krychevsky.
8. The greatest American painter - Andrew Wyeth.
9. Michelangelo.
10. Art is eternal, it is never-ending.
Lesson twenty.
This is a concluding lesson of the unit. It may be arranged as a debate, conference or seminar. In case you choose a debate, the following ideas may enable you to cross the swords:
1. People waste a lot of money on arts. This money can be used for curing diseases and feeding the poor.
2. Nowadays practically everybody can create some abstract composition.
3. With new high-tech equipment we don't need painters.
4. Museums have been packed to the capacity with thousands of pictures, but people are unable to see them all. Why create new pictures?
5. In the 21st century people are too busy to have time for arts.
6. The world is balancing between war and peace. Who cares for arts?
7. Works of art accumulate spiritual and intellectual power of the people.
8. Art is a universal language which may unite people of different countries.
9. Art is the best way to escape stress, depression and despair.
10. Art distinguishes men from animals. Art has a powerful positive charge.
11. Art embodies people's dreams, hopes, thoughts and aspirations.
12. Every great piece of art has a message to the future generations.
13. Art develops creativity in men; it appeals to their mind and soul.
14. When guns are talking, muses are silent.
GRAMMAR REVISION EXERCISES.
Exercise 1. Remember how we should use Articles with different groups of nouns:
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1. Material nouns are mostly used without an article because they name unities: Milk is good for growing children. We need lots of sand, stone and water. |
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2. We use the definite article with a material noun when we mean a limited quantity: C o m p a r e: Do you have tea or coffee in the morning? I'll have tea, but the tea in the cup is too hot for me. |
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3. We sometimes use an indefinite article with a material noun when we mean a portion, a helping: Can I have an ice-cream or a juice, please? I'd like a salad and a coffee, that's all, thank you. |
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4. We use no articles with abstract nouns a/ which are used only in singular: Silence is golden. Love makes the world go round. Good advice is useful. No news is good news. Don't worry about money. b/ if the abstract noun is modified by Adjectives : modern , ancient , great , real perfect , sufficient experience, understanding, knowledge Moscow , Ukrainian , Paris, English , French , London literature, poetry, time_____________ bourgeois , capitalist, market, socialist ideology, morality, economy, society_ |
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5. We use the definite article with abstract nouns when the feeling, idea,process or notion named by the noun is limited to a certain place or moment: The silence in the room became oppressive. The love of Romeo and Juliet still makes us wonder. |
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6. We use the indefinite article with abstract nouns: a/ if they are used with a prepositional phrase: It was a sorrow for her to live with. b/ if they are modified by certain, peculiar: We did it with a certain assurance She danced with a peculiar grace. c/ if they are modified by a subordinate clause: She felt a sadness that surprised her. |
Please, think and use a definite, indefinite or no article in the following:
1. At school we study ... market economy and ... English literature.
2. For breakfast she usually has ... sandwich and ...tea or ... juice.
3. When we have lunch in a cafe, I usually have ... coffee or ... milk-shake.
4. Oh, no. I can't drink ... coffee, it's too sweet. I always drink ... coffee without ... sugar. ... sugar is not good for my diet. Neither is ... salt.
5. Could you pass ... salt, please? I think, they forgot to put ... salt in ... salad, so it is
bland. Perhaps, I'll add ... pepper, too. Will you pass ... pepper, please?
6. To succeed in your work of an architect you need ... perfect experience and ...
sufficient knowledge, and also ... understanding of ... modern architecture.
7. Could you tell me ... time, please? - It's 6 o'clock ...Kyiv time. It's ...time to have dinner. It's ... time, when the whole family get together.
Exercise 2. We use no articles with personal names apart from some special cases.
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1.When speaking about our family we use the nouns Mother, Father like personal names and use no article with them, but spell them with a capital letter: Is Mother still out? Father will be pleased with your achievement in sports. |
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2.We use the definite article with a personal name in the plural when it means the whole family: The Browns are very friendly, aren't they? |
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3. The following nouns : news, information, advice, money, permission, luck, fun, happiness, furniture, luggage, weather, equipment, work, homework, housework are not used with the indefinite article: It was great fun. We've got work to do. They find out information from TV channels. |
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4. The nouns above may be used with the definite article when we mean a certain definite amount or when they are limited in place, time, etc: Let's listen to news! I'd like to know the news about the earthquake. I am not going to buy new furniture. The furniture in my room is still good. What's the weather like today? - Oh, I hate small talks about weather, you know. |
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5. Both articles may be used in the following word-combinations: sum of money; piece of luck, news, information; bit of luck, fun, work; spell of weather; |
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6. Names of meals are used without articles. The indefinite article is used with the names of meals when we mean some special quality or aspect: Let's have dinner and then go for a walk. Don't discuss business at breakfast. After breakfast sit a while, after dinner walk a mile. but: She was invited to a business dinner, so she shouldn't be late. |
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7. Both articles may be used with the names of meals if a party is meant: After the wedding ceremony they are invited to a lunch. |
Now you use or don't use articles in the following:
1. She asked if I would give her ... little luncheon at Foyot's [fuajǝʊ], a very expensive restaurant.
2."I never eat anything for ... luncheon," she said.
3. At ... dinner she asked Roger many questions about his holidays in Austria.
4. After ... lunch the three of us held a meeting - it was more like a council of war.
5. We decided to buy some sausage for ... supper.
6. ... supper at the Four Seasons Hotel was delicious, wasn't it? I would like to have such ... supper from ... time to ... time.
7. In her hometown, her friends would look out of the windows, and seeing Laura on her way to ... lunch or other meeting, they would say,"We have ... plenty of ... time. Laura is just leaving."
8. "Would you like to have ... lunch with me in the dining car?"
9. Don't give me ... advice. People are eager to give ... advice, but they themselves never follow it. Better lend me ... money, I've asked you for.
10. Does ... money bring ... luck, I wonder? - If it's ... money you've earned, it sure does. - I am not made of ... money, you know!
11. It's ...quite interesting work and ... money is all right.
12. We had to change ... English money into ... French money, and it took ... time.
13. He always has ... money in his pockets. People don't carry ... cash now, do they?
14. I wish you ... good health and ...good luck!
15. We had ... marvellous weather on our trip.
16. ... success of ... crop depends on ... weather.
Exercise 3. Look at the chart of fixed usage of articles in some word-combinations:
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The Indefinite Article: be in a hurry, at a loss do smth in a hurry see, understand at a glance say smth in a loud voice talk in an angry voice speak in a low voice it is a pity, a shame it is a pleasure as a result of tell a lie |
The Definite Article: tell the truth take the trouble play the piano, the guitar, the violin, the drums be out of the question in the original on the one hand on the other hand the other way (round) in the morning , evening in the afternoon, daytime in (at, to) the cinema, park, beach, theatre, seaside, wood, mountains, forest on (to) the bank of the river by the way the other day
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No Article: be in despair, in danger be out of danger, control play tennis, football, etc. from beginning to end from head to foot, from morning till night at first sight at table, at meals, at work at dinner, at breakfast at sunrise, sunset, night at dusk, dawn, noon at midnight, midday by chance, mistake, luck by accident by train,plane,bus,sea, land by post, E-mail, fax, radio by day, by name by midnight,morning,noon on TV; for hours on leave, business,holiday on foot on Sunday, Tuesday late(early) morning,spring summer, evening, night yesterday(tomorrow) eve- ning, morning, afternoon |
Now, please fill in the blanks, using articles where necessary:
1. There is nowhere in ... world I'd rather go on ... holidays, except to ... seaside.
2. When I opened ... letter ... folded sheet of paper fell out.
3. What ... unexpected pleasure to hear you playing ... violin.
4. ... door leading to ... kitchen stood open. You could see ... whole family at ... table. They were having ... breakfast before going to ... work ...Mother was pouring ... tea.
5. There is ... taxi waiting in ... front of ... house. ... driver says he's not going to wait any longer. He's arrived on ... time, and ... time is ... money.
6. Here are ... glasses for ... juice. I don't like to drink ... juice from plastic cups.
7. You should always tell ...truth. If you tell ... lie only once, nobody will trust you.
8. I have recognized her at ... glance. I've seen her on ... TV many times. On ... Sunday she hosted ... news program in ... evening.
9. You should try to read ... English literature in ... original.
10. Why are you always in ... hurry? ... other day I was going to have ... talk but you
answered me in ... irritated voice that you were running to ... work. When are you going to be on ... holidays?
11. I've decided to send him ... message by ... E-mail to say that we're arriving on ...
Wednesday by ... plane from ... London.
12. ... telephone is ringing. I will answer it, shall I?
13. Is there ... telephone anywhere? I'd like to make ... call.
14. So this is ... place! I've always wanted to have ... look at it. It's good that it's on ... bank of ... river at ... foot of ... mountains. We can go to ... mountains if ... weather isn't good for swimming in ... river.
15. She was in ... despair, because she couldn't warn him about ... danger of going to the sea in such ... weather. It's good that he only got ... cold, and now he's out of ... danger. It all could have happened ... other way round.
16. It was ... ridiculous affair from ... beginning to ... end. On ...one hand everybody understood it, on ... other hand they wanted to teach him ... lesson.
Exercise 4. Look at the chart of using the Articles with Proper Names:
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Use the Definite Article with: |
Don't use any article with: |
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1. Everything which is water: oceans, seas, channels, rivers, gulfs, streams: the Atlantic (Ocean), the Black Sea, the English Channel, the Gulf Stream, the Dnipro (River), the Thames, etc. the Great Lakes |
BUT: Lake Baikal, Lake Huron, Lake Erie |
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2, The ships and vessels: the Vasa, the Titanic, the Mir the Queen Victoria, etc. |
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3. The mountain chains: the Carpathian Mountains, the Crimean Mountains, the Alps, the Rocky Mounta-ins, the Cumbrian Mountains, the Pennine Chain, etc. |
BUT: (Mount) Hoverla, Ben Nevis, Mount Rushmore, Mountain Everest, etc. |
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4. Celestial bodies: the Universe, the Solar System, the Milky Way, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth |
BUT: planets and constella-tions: Venus, Mars, Orion |
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5. Schools, colleges, universities, when the phrase begins with 'school', etc: the Moscow School of Art, the University of Lviv, the College of Medicine , the University of London |
BUT: Oxford University, Smith College, Kyiv Univer-sity, Washington College of Arts |
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6. Ordinal numbers before nouns: the first of May, the Second World War, the third floor, the fifth day |
BUT: room twelve, chapter six, World War One |
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7. Famous wars: the Crimean War, the Vietnamese War, the Boer War, the American Civil War |
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8. Countries with more than one word: the USA-the United States of America, the UK - the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United Arab Emirates, the Vietnamese Republic; BUT: the Sudan, the Netherlands, the Congo |
Countries with one word: Ukraine, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Hungary states: Washington, Vermont cities: Kyiv, New York, Paris, London, Edinburgh streets: Wall Street, Volody-myrska Street, Maple Lane |
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9. The South Pole, the North Pole, the Arctic, the Antarctic, the Eastern Hemisphere, the Western Hemisphere, the Tropics, the equator |
Continents: Europe, Asia, America, South America, Antarctica, Australia, Africa |
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10. Groups of islands: the British isles, the Philip-pines, the Canary islands, the Hawaii, etc |
BUT: Great Britain, Ireland Sakhalin, Iceland, Cyprus |
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11. Historical documents: the Magna Carta, the Constitution, the European Chart |
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12. Ethnic groups: the Ukrainians, the Russians, the Americans, the English, the Indians, etc |
BUT: I am Ukrainian, he is English, she is Chinese |
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13. The Olympic Games, the European Football Cup_ 14. All museums, theatres, cinemas: the British Museum, the Prado, the Hermitage, the Maly Theatre, the Lecya Ukrainka Drama Theatre, the Young Spectators' Theatre, the National Picture Gallery, the Taras Shevchenko Museum, etc. |
Sports, holidays, sciences, subjects, abstract nouns: baseball, tennis, gymnastics, May Day, Christmas, Easter, mathematics, archeology, physics, genetics, chemistry, sorrow, delight, happiness |
Exercise 5. Use an article where necessary; where not necessary leave blank:
1. He lives on ... Fifth Avenue near ... Central Park. It's ... fashionable place.
2. Most shoes are made of ... leather. ... leather of these shoes is a little stiff.
3. We sailed down ... Mississippi River by ... Encounter as far as ... New Orleans.
4. We called ... taxi and went straight to ... Brooklyn, avoiding ... Wall Street. On our way we had to cross ... East River and go by ... Brooklyn Bridge.
5. We spent two days in ... Paris on ... way home. ... weather was too hot and we didn't enjoy ... single minute of it. Besides, there was ... long line to ... Louvre.
6. They didn't go to ... British Isles on their last trip to ... Europe. ... European countries which they enjoyed were ... France and ... Netherlands in ... North of ... continent next to ... Germany on ... shore of ... North Sea.
7. ... Rembrandt was one of ... greatest artists of ... Netherlands.
8. We plan to visit ... Dominican Republic on our next cruise to ... Caribbean.
9. On ... traveling to ...USA they first crossed Poland and France ... air, and than they went across ...Atlantic by ... Queen Elizabeth.
Exercise 6. Give full answers to the questions:
1. What do you usually have for breakfast?
2. What sports are most popular with your friends?
3. Which subjects at school seem most difficult?
4. When was WW I fought and what countries took part in it?
5. How can you reach Antarctica?
6. How long will a trip from your city to Australia take?
7. What kind of food can people buy at the supermarkets?
8. What do you feel if you succeed in your work? And if you fail?
9. What holidays are celebrated in Ukraine?
10. Where do you live?
11. How do you get to school, what transport do you use and what streets do you cross?
12. Where do you and your classmates plan to enter after school?
Exercise 7. Recollect colours and fill in the blanks with the proper word; please, recollect the colours for the following: fingers, tape, Jack, years, dog, skies, blood, herring, rag, gold, winter, Peter, magic, meat:
1. The reforms are so slow because of red ... and a lot of obstacles.
2. Due to her green ... her garden is blossoming.
3. Don't drink this red ..., it's real poison.
4. The children played pirates, and prepared a special Black ... for the boat.
5. In his green ... he was fascinated with painting.
6. I can't think of anything else, but the accident. I seem to have a black ... sitting on my back.
7. Stop dreaming about blue ..., come down to earth and get down to business.
8. Sitting in the armchair, listening to music, reading poetry - that's some life! Do you have blue ... in your veins?
9. Stop that nonsense! We are working and you are a red ... . Your foolish
commentaries are just a red ... for me.
10. The richest countries in the world are those which have a lot of black ... .
11. Some countries in the South don't have snow or frost in winter, they often have green ... .
12. They are going to start the voyage, don't you see the Blue ... ?
13. All these superstitions are just black ... for me.
14. Have you bought any red ... for dinner? We were going to have steaks.
Exercise 8. Recollect the Modal Verbs 'may' and 'might' and their equivalents
'to be allowed to' and 'to be permitted to'; fill in the blanks with the suitable word:
1. He asked if he ... make some suggestions.
2. After the New Year tree had been decorated the children ... enter the hall.
3. He ... join the yacht club as soon as he is through with his last exam.
4. The teacher announced that everybody ... take part in the discussion.
5. He ... go his own way if he likes.
6. No sooner ... the children ... leave the room, than they sprang to their feet and rushed out to the playground.
7. The doctor says George is much better. He ... walk in the garden in a few days.
8. If you don't do your homework you ... (not) go out after lunch.
9. He ... be right, but he ... (not) speak openly and sincerely.
Exercise 9. Complete the sentences in your own way:
1. Whatever you may think about William Turner ...
2. However difficult the task might seem ...
3. Though he might feel tired and dissatisfied ...
4. Strange as it may seem, but ...
5. No matter what he may mean, ...
6. Wherever you may try to enter ...
7. Though he may be late ...
Exercise 10. Look at the following phrasal verbs; try to remember their meaning:
to give up - to quit doing smth, to stop fighting;
to give in - to surrender, to succumb;
to give out - to distribute;
to go around - to be sufficient;
to go in for - to take up, to practice;
to go off - to shoot, to escape;
to go on - to continue;
to go out - to leave; to extinguish;
to go through - to experience;
to go with - to match, to be in tune;
to go without saying - to be evident;
to go wrong - to break, to fail
Exercise 11. Paraphrase the following using the phrasal verbs:
1. If he wants to practice lawn tennis he must quit smoking immediately.
2. During his long life Michelangelo experienced many disappointments when his plans failed because of Pope Julius II, who changed his demands.
3. The teacher distributed the test papers, and the students got down to work.
4. Sweets were quite sufficient for every child to get some.
5. After the third round the boxer felt that he was not able to fight and he surrendered.
6. It's quite evident that profound knowledge is necessary for a good profession.
7. While he was cleaning his gun, it shot, and the man was wounded.
8. Will you continue telling your story?
9. As soon as the fire fighters began their work, the fire began to extinguish.
Exercise 12. Make up sentences of your own using the phrasal verbs.
Exercise 13. Translate the following sentences:
1. Якби він прийшов вчасно вчора, ми б не запізнились у театр.
2. Де твій бінокль? Вчора він був на столі. Якби ти клав речі на місце, то не треба було б шукати.
3. Я завжди спостерігаю, як він вибігає з дому і поспішає на автобус.
4. Невже це її малюнок ? Мабуть, ви помилились. Вона ніколи не малювала квіти. З раннього дитинства вона малювала тварин. Це, здається, стало її пристрастю на все життя.
5. Будь ласка, яка година? Мій годинник поспішає на 10 хвилин. Мені треба його відремонтувати. Не скажете, де тут майстерня?
6. Коли він повернувся, матуся вже зварила обід. Вся сім'я сиділа за столом і чекала на нього. Він пояснив, чому затримався.
7. Вона була впевнена, що зможе допомогти їм, якщо вона закінчить свою роботу вчасно.
8. Цікаво, куди вони пішли і коли повернуться?
9. Поперше, вони поїхали мандрувати до Італії, по-друге, я не знаю, коли вони повернуться в Київ. Вони ще нічого не написали.
10. Вам слід було тренуватись більше перед змаганнями. Шкода, що ви програли. Якби ви краще тренувались, то, можливо, ви б виграли перше місце.
11. Коли він був малим, то займався футболом, тенісом і плаванням, а потім все кинув і захопився поезією. Але зараз він в поганому настрої, тому що
видавництва не друкують його книжки з минулого року.
12. Ні я, ні моя подруга не палимо, бо це шкодить здоров'ю. Необхідно, щоб молодь турбувалась про здоровий спосіб життя. Exercise 14. Do you think you will be able to find a mistake in each of the following sentences? Try yourself on the job:
1. I saw yesterday Mr. Smith in the cafeteria.
2. He's too old to do that kind of works.
3. If he come at 6, we'll be having dinner.
4. He hardly knows anything about the accident, doesn't he?
5. What was you doing at 6 o'clock yesterday?
6. George has invited me to the movie yesterday night.
7. He warned us that he won't explain the same thing any longer.
8. Why didn't you apologize about coming late in the morning?
9. We decided asking her about her success at the contest.
10. Don't do so much noise, please.
11. The mother begged her daughter buy some more milk and bread.
12. I can't drink this coffee, it's too sweet. Can I have another coffee, please?
Exercise 15. Could you think and supply the correct form of each verb in brackets?
At the time I first (meet) Mr. Brown in 1999, he (consider) the possibility of (study) foreign languages again. He said he (forget) everything that he (learn) about Latin and French in high school. The language he (want) (learn) at that time (be) Spanish and Portuguese. I suggested that he (study) those languages at New York University. Therefore he (enroll) at that university in 2000.
After my friend (finish) (study) at the University he (decide) (go) to South America for a year. Since he (be, never) there before, he (enjoy) (visit) the famous cities of Colombia and Brazil. He liked Sao Paulo so much that he (consider) (stay) there much longer. However, he finally (spend) all of his money and he (force) (return).
Now my friend (plan) (visit) France next year. He (leave) for Paris on March,15. Naturally, all his friends (be) at the port (say) 'goodbye' when the boat (leave). When he (start) his first letter to us on March,17, he (still, cross) the Atlantic Ocean. Mr.Brown said he (visit) Holland and Germany on the same trip. I know that (have, always) a great deal of curiosity about those countries. Therefore, he (appreciate) (visit) all the famous places he (read) about so many times.
Mr.Brown realizes that he (learn) French and German before he (go) to Europe. At the moment, he (take) a course in French in preparation for the trip. He (think) French is quite easy. Of course, he (be, never) in France up to now, so he (have) little opportunity (hear) French (speak) by natives.
Exercise 16. Could you change the following reported sentences into direct ones?
1. My mother warned us that she would not be able to get dinner ready that afternoon since she had to stay at work overtime.
2. The girl complained of feeling sick and asked if she could be excused.
3. The children apologized for coming late and explained that they were playing football on the ground and had not heard the bell.
4. My dad wondered how I had managed to find all the facts about "The Beatles".
5. John's friend reminded him not to forget about the appointment that night and to call home as soon as he was free.
6. The doctor recommended to take an aspirin after meals and to drink hot tea. He was sure I had a cold and advised me to stay home for 2-3 days.
7. The secretary wanted to know whether she had to finish the report before Friday or she could postpone the work until Monday.
8. The teacher ordered me to come to her table and to hand in my test paper.
9. The child was begging his granny to allow him to wade in the river and to look for minnows or frogs, but the granny didn't let him do it because the water was too cold.
10. The students asked the professor when they had to come to his office.
11. She exclaimed that it was a fantastic film and suggested going to the movies again.
12. When I came to visit my friend she offered me a cup of tea and asked if I was hungry. She could make some hot sandwiches for both of us.
Exercise 17. Transform the story into a dialogue:
When I entered the room Alice was looking for something everywhere. I wondered what she was looking for. She replied that she couldn't find her book of notes on Ancient History which she needed for the first lesson. I thought she might have left it on her table in the classroom the day before. She was absolutely sure she couldn't have done that because she had been reading her notes for half an hour in the morning. I offered her my help and in a jiffy I showed her the notebook lying under her armchair. She wondered who could have put it there.
Exercise 18. Supply 'tags' to the sentences:
1. Let's go there immediately, ...?
2. Don't make such a noise here, ...? Mother is sleeping in the bedroom, ... ?
3. That was a fantastic trip, ... ?
4. There were no birch trees in the garden, ...?
5. I am a smart girl, ... ? 6. Let the child swim, ...?
7. The water is boiling. I will make tea, ...?
8. She had to stay at home yesterday, ...?
9. Do it properly, ...?
10. I am not needed here, ...?
11. Let him send an e-mail to our partners, ... ?
12. There was a small girl near the lake, ... ?
13. Everybody enjoys swimming, … ?
Contents:
Unit 1.
1. I'd advise the Department of Education of the USA to ...
2. Long live teachers!
3. The subject I'd like to teach if I were a teacher is ...
4. If I had a chance to reform our Ukrainian school system I would ...
5. Wow! Twelve years at school! It's ...
6. The children in Great Britain are enabled to get a general knowledge in subjects and to advance in the sphere they have chosen for their future career.
7. The personalities of a form teacher are very significant at Primary schools, but they are less important in high school./ You agree or disagree with the statement/
8. The role of national schools within the Ukrainian diaspora abroad.
9. The importance of getting profound knowledge in the 21st century.
10. Advantages and disadvantages of the systems of secondary education in different countries.
11. The profession of a teacher will never come out of fashion.
12. The life and leisure of teenagers in the USA and in Great Britain.
13. If I were a teacher in Ukraine I would...
14. My ideas about the reform in the system of education in Ukraine.
Unit 2.
1. Watching violent videos makes young people, especially children, aggressive.
2. Corporal punishment of children should be allowed/forbidden.
3. Anyone who sexually attacks or kills a child should be executed.
4. Drug trafficking should be punished by capital punishment/life imprisonment.
5. There is nothing wrong with cheating in an exam or test if you can get away with it.
6. Terrorists, assassins, hijackers and kidnappers should be sentenced to ...
7. The authorities that involve teenagers into warfare should be taken to the
International Court, tried and put to prison.
Unit 3.
1. What's history?
2. What role in history is played by an outstanding personality?
3. The Pilgrims in the New World.
4. The Civil War in the USA.
5. The daughters of Henry VIII.
6. Shakespeare's drama "Julius Caesar".
7. What's wrong with the totalitarian power in a country.
8. The Civil War in Great Britain.
9. Is "Romeo and Juliet" about love?
10. What role has religion played in the history of mankind?
11. What's important about the Tripillian Culture?
12. Our country's history.
Unit 4.
1. The problems of homelessness.
2. Live Aid - measures to help those in need.
3. Living in the city or living in the country?
4. The future of your city's development and growth.
5. Cloning man? We've got more than enough people on the planet,
haven't we?
Unit 5.
1. The role of arts in the life of people.
2. The most famous art museums of the world and their masterpieces.
3. The Golden Age in the history of British Art.
4. William Hogarth - the creator of a satirical pictorial history of his age.
5. Great landscape and portrait painters Reynolds and Gainsborough.
6. William Turner - the predecessor on Impressionism.
7. Ukrainian Art - Fedir Krychevsky.
8. The greatest American painter - Andrew Wyeth.
9. Michelangelo.
10. Art is eternal, it is never-ending.