- •I. Word order: adverbs with the verb.
- •1. These sentences are all taken from real recorded conversations.
- •Say how often you do some of the following things.
- •3. Rewrite each underlined sentence using the adverb in brackets.
- •Rewrite these sentences putting the words and phrases in brackets in the best order. Note that none of these sentences are emphatic:
- •II. Present and past habits. Repeated actions and states.
- •6. Use one of the sets of notes below to complete each dialogue. Expand the dialogues using your own ideas, act them out in class.
- •7. Here are some laws of nature. Join the beginnings and the ends. Think of other occurrences of Murphy’s Law.
- •9. Transform the statements below into negative sentences and questions making other necessary changes.
- •10. Complete the text with words from the box, using used to ...
- •11. Make sentences with used to and didn't use to about how people lived hundreds of years ago. Use your own ideas.
- •12. Write some sentences about things that you used to or didn't use to do/think/ believe when you were younger. Work with other students, find out what they used to do/think/ believe.
- •13. Rewrite these sentences, using be/ get used to (doing) smth:
- •15. In the following text, delete any examples of would that are not acceptable:
- •1. Try to memorize the following set expressions about habits:
- •2. Render the following text into English using the active grammar constructions and (for extra points) the active vocabulary (you are welcome to add your own comments!): Привычки великих.
- •3. Insert the correct prepositions into the following sentences (you can find a more comprehensive list of dependent preposition patterns at the end of this book):
- •In pairs ask and answer questions about each other’s likes and dislikes using the active expressions with dependent prepositions.
- •2. Comment on the following quotes about habits. Use the active vocabulary:
- •Nothing so needs reforming as other people's habits. Mark Twain
- •1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. Vocab. Suggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following definitions:
- •1. Join the beginnings and ends, putting in if.
- •2. Choose the correct tenses (present or will...).
- •3. Complete these sentences any way you like.
- •II. Second Conditional sentences.
- •4. Transform the sentences into the second conditional making them hypothetical, and translate them into Russian.
- •5. Put in the correct verb forms.
- •6. Complete the sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Choose the most sensible verb form and complete the sentences.
- •IV. Third Conditional sentences.
- •12. Transform the sentences into the third conditional.
- •13. Put in the correct verb forms.
- •15. Match the beginning of each sentence with the most suitable ending.
- •14. Complete the conversations:
- •In the dock: Chariot
- •In the dock: One man (and his dog)
- •In the dock: The Internet service provider
- •In the dock: The jilted lover
- •In the dock: The government
- •In the dock: The superhacker
- •VI. Mixed Conditional sentences.
- •17. Put the words in brackets into the correct tenses.
- •Vocab & speaking
- •1. Arrange the following expressions in the appropriate gaps in the exercise below. Change the form of the expression according to the context.
- •2. Render the following text into English. Use at least 15 active vocabulary units.
- •3. The verb get is used in a variety of expressions. There are a lot of them in this Unit. For more practice do the following exercise.
- •4. Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositions.
- •1. Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text.
- •2. Read the article.
- •27 July, 2010
- •3. Retell the text using the active grammar patterns and at least 15 active vocabulary units.
- •4. Choose the best answer according to the text.
- •5. Find the following words and phrases in the text.
- •6. Discussion.
- •7. Comment on the following quotes about crime and punishment. Use the active vocabulary:
- •1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. Vocab. Suggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following definitions:
- •I. Past Simple vs. Past Continuous.
- •1. Complete the text with the verbs in the box (there is one verb too many). You will need five past progressives and three simple pasts.
- •2. Complete each paragraph with one set of verbs, using the past simple or past continuous.
- •3. Complete the sentences using these pairs of verbs. Use the past simple in one space and the past continuous in the other.
- •4. Complete this text with either the past simple or the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Where alternatives are possible, think about any difference in meaning.
- •II Past Simple vs. Past Perfect.
- •5. Use the Past Simple or the Past Perfect to complete the sentences:
- •6. Underline the correct answers. In some cases only one is correct, and in others both are correct.
- •7. Complete this text with these verbs.
- •III Past Perfect vs. Past Perfect Continuous.
- •8. Complete the sentences with one of these verbs, using the same verb for each sentence in the pair. Use the past perfect continuous if possible; if not, use the past perfect.
- •9. Choose the past perfect continuous form of the verb if appropriate; if not, use the past perfect.
- •10. Study this conversation extract. If the underlined verbs are correct, write “V”. If they are wrong, correct them using either the past perfect (active or passive) or past perfect continuous.
- •11. Complete this text with these verbs in the past perfect or past perfect continuous.
- •IV Tense Revision.
- •12. Choose the right tenses:
- •13. Complete the two texts about World War I with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •14. Underline the correct form.
- •15. Choose a novel or story, and select one or two pages. Make a list of the past tenses used on these pages. Are these the only tenses possible, or are others also acceptable?
- •16. Read the synopsis of a famous short story. Render the story into English. Последний лист
- •1. Idioms
- •2. Life without phrasal verbs
- •3. Complete the sentences with the corresponding prepositions.
- •4. Nationality adjectives.
- •3. Now read the text and see if you were right. Celebrity scandal and Anne Frank: the reading diary of British teenagers
- •4. Find words in the text that mean the following. The paragraph numbers are given to help you.
- •5. Are the following statements True (t) or False (f)? If they are false, say why.
- •6. Retell the article. Use at least 15 active vocabulary units.
- •7. Some words are often found together. Match the words on the left with their collocations on the right.
- •8. Now match nine of the collocations with their meaning.
- •9. Discussion
- •10. Comment on the following quotes on books and reading. Use the active vocabulary:
- •1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. Vocab. Translate parts of the following sentences using the active vocabulary.
2. Comment on the following quotes about habits. Use the active vocabulary:
First we make our habits, then our habits make us. Charles C. Noble
Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy to get into, but hard to get out of. Proverb
Habit converts luxurious enjoyments into dull and daily necessities. Aldous Huxley
Where can I find a man governed by reason instead of habits and urges?
Kahlil Gibran
You can live to be a hundred if you give up all the things that make you want to live to be a hundred.
Woody Allen
Nothing so needs reforming as other people's habits. Mark Twain
A man who gives his children habits of industry provides for them better than by giving them a fortune. Richard Whately
It seems, in fact, as though the second half of a man's life is made up of nothing, but the habits he has accumulated during the first half. Fyodor Dostoevski
Once you learn to quit, it becomes a habit. Vince Lombardi
TEST YOURSELF.
1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer.
1 'Sharon looks different now, doesn't she?'
'Yes. She ...... to have long dark hair, didn't she?' A is used В used С would
2 'I have never driven an automatic car before.' 'You will soon to it.'
A get used В be used С used
3 'How is Sarah?'
'She's fine. She to life in the countryside.'
A got used В used С is getting used
4 'Have you always worked as a nurse?' 'No. I a childminder.'
A was used to being В used to be
С am used to being
5 'Do you remember when we were little?'
'Yes. Dad always read us a bedtime story.'
A was used to В would С got used to
6 'Aren't you tired?'
'No. I to walking long distances.'
A am used В got used С used
7 'Jane had trouble with her job at first.' 'Yes. She to working on her own.'
A used В got used С wasn't used
8 'Did you find your degree course difficult?' 'Yes, but I soon to it.'
A used В got used С was used
9 'Do you remember Uncle Danny?'
'Yes. He always bring us presents.'
A would В was used С used
10 'Have you ever lived in a flat before?' 'No, but I will to it.'
A be used В get used С used
11 'Why are you so tired?'
'Because I to getting up early in the morning.
A am used В used С am not used
12 'Do you know that man?'
'Yes. He to work for me.'
A was used В used С is used
2. Vocab. Suggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following definitions:
-
the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health
-
to feel angry because you have been forced to accept someone or something that you do not like
-
a serious medical condition in which the heart does not get enough blood, causing great pain and often leading to death
-
to make someone extremely annoyed
-
the amount of a particular substance contained in something
-
a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go
-
the busy part of the day when towns and cities are crowded, either in the morning when people are travelling to work, or in the evening when people are travelling home
-
the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes
-
a time or day by which something must be done
-
to watch a person or activity to make certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc.
-
a person's ability to do more than one thing at a time
-
a set of red, yellow and green lights which control the movement of vehicles, usually at a point where two or more roads join
-
from the start of smth
-
a person who buys goods or a service from the same shop/ company
-
before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing
-
describes a person who becomes angry and annoyed easily
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
p. 14
- nutrition
- food labels
- eating habits
- give up (doing smth)
R2.1
- resent doing smth
- change one’s mind about
- heart attack
- eat/ feed smb (a high fat) diet
- I watch what I eat
- a (fat) content
- drive smb crazy
p. 15
- more often than not
- every so often
- once in a while
- every now and again
p. 16
- the rush hour
- a pedestrian
- back home
- pace of life
- don’t get me wrong
- traffic lights/ stop at red lights
- educational
p. 18
- first thing in the morning
- a deadline (for)
- routine tasks
- say no to smth (never say no to smth)
- put effort into
- recognize/ know when enough is enough
- multitasking (to multitask)
R2.4
- delivery service
- print smth off
- regular customers
- in advance
- urgent
- in class/ outside of class
- no way!
R2.6
- right from the word go
- meal times
- get into bad habits
- send smb out of somewhere
- supervise
- slow smth down
- learn valuable life lessons
- give smth a go
R2.7
- get bad-tempered
Try to keep in mind the following dependent prepositions:
p. 14
Attitude to, be worried about, advise smb on smth
R2.1
Be addicted to
p. 16
(memorize the prepositions from ex. 1 + those on p. 116), different from
p. 18
rely on, decide on, on the list, responsible for
R2.4
Be late with smth, be realistic about, argue with (I can’t argue with that!), interested in
UNIT 3.
GRAMMAR
I. Zero & First Conditional sentences.
NB. Zero and First Conditional sentences refer to real situations. Zero Conditional sentences are used to talk about present and past events as well as about general truths and facts. Tenses here are used in the same way as in other kinds of sentence:
e.g. If I feel like some exercise, I take the dog for a walk.
If I missed the last train, I just stayed over with friends.
If steel is exposed to air and water, it resists rust for a considerable length of time.
First conditional sentences express a possible condition and its probable result in the future. In the if-clause we normally use a present tense to speak about the future.
e.g. I’ll give her your love if I see her.
We can use other present tenses in the if-clause and other future forms in the main clause:
e.g. If you’re coming on the motorway, you’ll need change for the tolls.
If the results of the customer survey are favourable, the supermarket is going to introduce a new range.
We can use modal verbs in either clause, especially can, may and should.
e.g. If the regime can keep the loyalty of the army, they may retain power.