Lesson 4

Exercise 1. Practice reading:

The arrow and the Song

I shot an arrow into the air-

It fell to earth, I knew not where;

For so swiftly it flew, the sight

Could not follow it in its flight.

I breathed a song into the air-

It fell to earth, I knew not where;

For who has sight so keen and strong

That it can follow the flight of a song?

Long, long, afterward, in an oak

I found the arrow, still unbroke;

And the song, from beginning to end,

I found again in the heart of a friend.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

Observe and remember

Present Perfect (have, has +V₃)

		I’ve You’ve He’s We Mary	(have) (have) (has) haven’t hasn’t	taught her to draw bought this still-life. read two books this month spoken English for many years met him since 1990.	(дія закінчена, час не вказано;) (дія закінчилась, час ще не закінчився;) (дія розпочалась в минулому і триває до моменту мовлення)
How long	have haven’t	you you You	have	taught her to draw? spoken English? bought this still- life, haven’t you?

Past Perfect (had +V₃)

Had

The rain We the rain The rain

had had had

stopped by five o’clock. studied the problem before we discussed it. stopped by 5 o’clock? stopped by 5 o’clock, hadn’t it?

Дія, що відбулась раніше іншої дії в минулому, або вказаного моменту; для вираження передминулої дії

Future Perfect (shall have & will have + V₃)

By what time

Will will

He I he he He

will have shall have have have will have

done this work by the end of the month painted this picture by the time you come back done this work by the end of the month? done this work done this work by the end of the month, won’t he?

Дія, що відбулась раніше іншої дії в майбутньому, або вказаного моменту;

Exercise 2. Read and translate the sentences:

1.Have you seen ”Sunflowers” by Van Gogh? No, I haven’t seen any of Van Gogh pictures besides reproductions.

2. How many times have you been to the United States? – I have never been there.

3. What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I have ever seen.

4. Tom has lost his keys again. It’s the second time he has lost them.

5. She has studied English for 10 years. She has studied it since she was a fifth former.

6. Would you like something to eat. – No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.

7. Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Italy.

8. I haven’t seen Tom this morning. Have you?

9. Take your umbrella. It hasn’t stopped raining yet.

10. When I arrived to the party, Tom had already gone home.

11. George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.

12. After he had painted the picture he washed it with the white of the egg.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs into the correct form, present perfect or past indefinite:

1. Jill (buy) a new car two weeks ago.

2. His hair is very short. He (have) a haircut.

3. Last night I (arrive) home at half past twelve. I (have) a bath and then I (go) to bed.

4. You (visit) many museums when you were in Paris?

5. My bicycle isn’t here any more. Somebody (take) it.

6. When you (give up) smoking?

7. I (not / eat) anything yesterday because I (not / feel) hungry.

8. Why Jim (not / want) to play tennis last Friday?

9. The car looks very clean. You (wash) it?

10. – Hello, Susan. Is Alan here? – No, I’m afraid he (go) out. – Oh, what a pity! When exactly he (go) out? – About ten minutes ago.

Exercise 4. Read the words, try to memorize them:

however - проте, однак

to hang up - повісити

to decide - вирішити

top - верх

bottom - низ

to look forward - чекати

to promise - обіцяти

to join – приєднатися

choice - вибір

dish - посуд

to enjoy - насолоджуватися

surprise - подив

upside down - в верх ногами

Exercise 5 . Read and translate the text given below.