§ 4. Секреты артикля. The secrets of the article.
Потренируемся?
* R. Murphy units 70– 77
* A.J. Thompson, A.V. Martinet exercises 1-4
Упражнение 1. Это упражнение поможет вам освоиться с основными функциями артиклей – классифицирующей и маркирующей. В следующих парах предложений попробуйте различить их, поставив в пропуски a(n) или the.
_the_ afternoon was fine. – It was _a_ fine afternoon.
Susan is _a_ bright girl. – _the_ girl smiled at me and waved me good-bye.
I’ve bought myself _a_ new shirt. – _the_ shirt is all dirty.
_the_ piano was in the left corner of the room – There was _a_ piano in the left corner of the room.
_the_ new manager is very young. – Our firm needs _a_ new manager.
We had _a_ drinking competition at the club last night. – _the__ drinking competition we had last night was a fun.
_the_ angel spread his wings and flew away. – Before we were married you called me _an_ angel.
Father bought his little son _a_ new toy car. – What did your father say when you smashed _the_ new car?
_the__ woman is my aunt. – Underneath every successful man there is _a_ woman.
The hardest five years in _the_ woman’s life were between thirty and thirty-five. – The longest five years in _a_ woman’s life are between twenty-nine and thirty.
Don’t you see _the_ sign? – At the end of the road we saw _a_ sign.
Mr. Pitt is an honorable man, _a_ professor. – _the_ professor tapped on his desk and shouted: ‘Gentlemen, order!’. The entire class yelled: ‘Beer!’
_the_ girl was dressed in a silk dress. – Nowadays _a_ girl wears less in the street than her grandmother did in bed.
Once _a_ cat was walking in the yard and saw a squirrel. – Where is _the_ cat? I can’t find him.
_the_ dog keeps jumping on my lap. – The only Ben’s dream was to have _a_ dog.
Упражнение 2. Поставьте в пропуски неопределенный артикль в значении единицы или определенный артикль в присущем ему маркирующем значении.
Henry is paid _a_ hundred _a_ week. – _the_ hundred I was paid last week is coming to an end.
We write dictations twice _a_ month. – I swear, this was _the_ hardest month in my life.
She left without saying _a_ word. – What does _the_ word mean? I’ve never met it before.
_the_ cloud drew nearer and nearer. – There wasn’t _a_ single cloud in the sky.
Patients are not allowed to walk around during _the_ silent hour. – I’ll come back in _an_ hour.
I came across fresh strawberries at the market and bought _a_ pound. – You will find _the_ pound of apples I bought yesterday in the fridge.
_an_ hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. – _the_ reception hour is from 12.00 till 13.00.
I ordered only _a_ salad. – _the_ salad consisted of tomatoes and cucumbers with sour cream.
Money is _the_ soul of business. – There was not _a_ soul in the office.
There isn’t _a_ single mistake in the sentence. – _the_ mistake was silly and this only made me more upset.
Упражнение 3. Поставим все точки над i в конструкции ‘b of a’. Вспомните правила расстановки артиклей в этой конструкции и заполните пропуски артиклями.
We didn’t know that _the_ inhabitants of _the_ cave were pirates.
What about _a_ nice cup of __ tea?
Cement is _a_ mixture of clay and __ chemicals.
_the_ front of _the_ house was faced with granite.
I need a secretary with _a_ knowledge of __ English.
He turned down _the_ idea of __ opening a London office.
The dwarf always swims for _a_ quarter of _an_ hour in the morning.
The ogre’s bedroom was at _the_ back of _the_ house.
All I needed was _a_ word of __ truth.
I’ve brought a saw to shorten _the_ legs of _the_ table.
The boy certainly has _a_ sense of __ humour.
Where are you going with _a_ bucket of __ water?
I forgot _the_ name of _the_ street my friend lives on.
Sam had _a_ nice feeling of __ relaxation.
_the_ end of _the_ story was sad.
_the_ beginning of _a_ new school year is always an exciting event.
I want _a_ pound of __ cherries and _a_ kilo of __ apples.
_the_ bottom of _the_ ocean is inhabited by lots of sea species.
_the_ top of _the_ mountain was covered with snow.
_the_ foot of _a_ mountain is usually a dangerous place to camp at.
Упражнение 4. Пробежимся по мелким правилам (приемы пищи, время суток, артикли с учреждениями). Вставьте в пропуски артикль (любой), если он нужен.
After __ breakfast we all gathered in the hall. – Paul is standing us _a_ breakfast on Friday. – _the_ breakfast was rather decent.
We had __ coffee in a pub near Trafalgar Square. – I have only five minutes for _a_ coffee. – I’m not going to drink _the_ coffee. It’s cold.
At __ dinner everyone kept silent. – We were invited to _a_ dinner at the Pitts’. – I didn’t like _the_ dinner. The meat was underdone to my taste.
At __ dawn I always feel happy. – _the_ dawn of the third day was chilly. – It was _a_ beautiful dawn.
It was __ early autumn. – It was _a_ dry autumn. – _the_ autumn of 1966 was warm.
The Pitts took their neighbours to __ court. – Mr. Pitt is a judge. He works at _a_ court. – I didn’t agree with _the_ court’s decision and made an appeal.
It was Sunday and the Pitts were at __ church. – _a_ new church is being built in our town. – _the_ new church is undoubtedly the most beautiful one.
We don’t have to go to __ school today, and we are over the moon with joy. – I wonder what’s life is like in _an_ English private school. – There was a chapel in front of _the_ school.
__ prison is not the answer to many social problems. – There is a good library in _the_ prison. – Sometimes, especially on rainy days, the castle looked like _a_ prison.
Rosy refused to go to __ hospital unless I promised to look after her cat. – There is _an_ old military hospital in the area. – The staff of _the_ hospital has a good reputation for performing transplant operations.
Упражнение 5. Поставьте артикли в фиксированных сочетаниях (если они нужны). Выучите эти словосочетания.
All of _a_ sudden; as _a_ result; on __ foot; in __ demand; to tell _the_ truth; to be at _a_ loss; once _a_ week; from __ head to __ foot; as _a_ matter of __ fact; in _a_ loud voice; at __ first sight; _the_ day before yesterday; after __ lunch; two times _a_ day; in __ fact; to have _a_ good time; from __ start to ___ finish; to play _the_ violin; in __ conclusion; at __ times; in __ advance; to be in _a_ hurry; at __ last; from __ time to __ time; by __ mistake; _the_ other day; at __ sunset; to watch __ TV; to listen to _the_ radio; to be in __ bed; for __ example; to tell _the_ time; by __ bicycle; to take _a_ seat; in _a_ good mood; by __ heart; at __ sea; in __ fact; at __ present; in _the_future; at __ work; from __ hand to __ mouth; in __ time.
Упражнение 6. Артикли с именами собственными. Поставьте ‘the’ там, где нужно.
_the_ Andes; _the_ Baikal; _the_ Crimea; _the_ Hague; _the_ Panama Canal; _the_ Antarctic Continent; __ Belgium; __ Dublin; __ Havana; _the_ Maldives; __ Persian Gulf; _the_ Bay of Bengal; _the_ English Channel; _the_ Hawaiian Isles; __ New Zealand; _the_ Philippines; _the_ Arctic Ocean; _the_ Caucasus; __ Everest; __ Hudson Bay; _the_ Netherlands; _the_ Sahara; __ Asia; __ Central America; __ Gibraltar; _the_ Kalahari; _the_ North Pole; __ Sakhalin; _the_ Bahamas; __ Corsica; __ Great Bear Lake; _the_ Ladoga; _the_ Pacific Ocean; _the_ Urals; __ Thanksgiving; __ Christmas; __ Trafalgar Square; __ London University; __ Cooper’s Art School; __ Waterloo Bridge; __ Piccadilly Circus; _the_ Kremlin; _the_ University of __ Florida; __ Queen Elizabeth; __ Eiffel Tower; __ St. Paul’s Cathedral; __ President Kennedy; _the_ President; __ Vatican; __ White House; __ Hyde Park; __ Cambridge; __ Buckingham Palace; _the_ British Museum; _the_ Tower of London; __ Westminster Abbey; _the_ Houses of Parliament.
Упражнение 7. Обобщаем материал. Вставляем в пробелы артикль, если он нужен
1. _the_Grand Hotel is in __ Baker street. 2. I read about _the_ accident in _the_ Washington Post. 3. _the_Suez Canal joins _the_ Indian Ocean with _the_ Atlantic Ocean. 4. _the_Nile is _the_ longest river in __ Africa. 5. _the_Chinese invented __ printing. 6. I’d like to have _a_ guitar though I can play only _the_ piano. 7. __ Life is all right if you have _a_ job but __ things are not so easy for _the_ unemployed. 8. All _the_ books on _the_ top shelf belong to me. 9. London is famous for its __ St. Paul’s Cathedral, _the_ Houses of Parliament, _the_ Tower of London, __ Buckingham Palace, __ Westminster Abbey and _the_ British Museum. 10. _the_ film wasn’t very good but I liked _the_ music. 11. _the_economic situation is very bad. Many people are out of __work. 12. Ann works as _a_ cleaner at _a_ hospital so _the_ hospital is very clean. 13. _the_ lunch was really nice. I had _(an)_ Italian soup, _(a)_ salad, and __ grapes. 14. _the_ sun is _a_ star. 15. _the_ Smiths bought _a_ nice house in _the_ country. 16. Susan works in _the_ city centre. 17. Sam sat on _a/the_ chair near _the_ door. 18. What __ expensive furniture! 19. Why do you take __ things without _a_ permission? 20. John is having _an_ interview for _a_ job tomorrow. 21. Bill is _a_ workaholic. 22. It was _a_ long-term agreement. 23. __ most windows are made of __ glass. 24. _the_ glass of my watch is broken and one of _the_ hands is missing. 25. _the_ audience was stone silent. 26. __the girl is really _a_ great talker. 27. In America, “neighbor” has _a_ friendly connotation, in England it is _a_ chilly word, nearly always _a_ stranger. 28. _the_ rain was still beating on _the_ windows. 29. _the_ road snaked its way across _the_ hills. 30. Emma hoped _the_ baby would be _a_ girl.
Упражнение 8. Задание прежнее
1. _the_ end of _the_ novel puzzled all _the_ readers. 2. At _the_ age of fifty he still had _a_ figure of _a_ young man. 3. It was _a_ cold, clear night without _a_ cloud but _the_ wind blowing from _the_ Thames was sharp with __ frost. 4. There is _a_ legend about _a_ bird that sings only once. From _the_ time it is born, it searches for _a_ thorn tree and, when it finds one, it flies at _the_ longest, sharpest thorn. As it dies, _the_ bird sings its song – _the_ most beautiful one. 5. It was _an_ old song about _a_ boat from Liverpool that went on _a_ long voyage across _the_ Atlantic. _the_song was almost as long as _the_ voyage but Disco sang it to _the_ end. 6. _the_ English governed _the_ oceans in _the_ 19th century as if they were their own property. 7. _the_ Red Sea is _the_ saltiest sea in _the_ world, and its water is used for __ medical purposes. 8. _the_ Queen smiled. She had told _a_ black lie. 9. In _the_ middle of _the_ year he made _a_ second trip to Fairley Hall. 10. _the_ village where my relatives live is such _an_ idyllic place. 11. _the_ bell rang _a_ third time to indicate _the_ beginning of _the_ class. 12. _the_ Girl is _a_ born peacemaker. 13. _the_ farm itself was surrounded by __ green fields divided by _an_ old stone wall built _a_ century ago. 14. _the_ fields sloped down into _a_ valley below, where _the_ river Nidd was shining like _a_ silver thread against _the_ green . 15. __ brunch is _a_ meal that you eat in _the_ late morning. 16. They had _a_ dinner for six. 17. It was _a_ fine afternoon. 18. _the_ morning was chilly. 19. It was _a_ sunless day. 20. __ twilight always makes me feel sad, I don’t know why. 21. If you look ugly in _the_ early morning, sleep till noon. 22. This is _the_ way of _the_ world. 23. Edwina lived in _a_ world entirely of her own making. 24. Isn’t it _a_ small world? 25. _the_ horizon is _the_ line at which _the_ earth (or _the_ sea) and _the_ sky seem to meet. 26. _the_ moon cast _a_ dancing reflection onto _the_ river. 27. _the_lion is _the_ national emblem of __ Great Britain. 28. _(the)_ market is _an_ exciting and colourful part of _a(the)_ town, full of __ noise and __ bustle. 29. We met every day after __ school. 30. This is _a_ school with more than one thousand pupils. _the_ school was built in 1909.
Упражнение 9. Подобное двум предыдущим
1. _a_ foul morning may turn to _a_ fair day. 2. _a_ nod from _the_ lord is __ breakfast for _a_ fool. 3. After __ dinner sit _a_ while, after __ supper walk _a_ mile. 4. All are not __ saints that go to __ church. 5. _an_ hour in _the_ morning is worth two in _the_ evening. 6. Better to go to __ bed supperless than rise in __ debt. 7. __ hope is _a_ good breakfast but _a_ bad supper. 8. Max left _the_ Ritz Hotel after their __ dinner at __ Annabel’s and walked home crossing _the_ Piccadilly and heading through __ Half Moon Street into _the_ Mayfair. 9. __Easter Island in _the_ Pacific was discovered in 1722. 10. _the_ Gulf Stream is _a_ warm ocean current which flows from _the_ Gulf of Mexico, along _the_ south-east coast of _the_ United States. 11. In _the_ vicinity of _the_ house were _the_ Rodin Museum, _the_ French Academy, and _the_ Hotel des Invalides, housing _the_ tomb of Napoleon I. 12. _the_ two young women had attended _the_ Sorbonna at _the_ same time. 13. _the_ hunters got lost in _the_ Rocky Mountains. 14. __ Buckingham Palace, __ Trafalgar Square, _the_ Houses of Parliament, _the_ Tower of London, _ Tower Bridge, _the_ National Gallery are _the_ usual sights in _the_ English capital. 15. In the morning she used to read __ “Vogue”, and he usually read __ “Mirror”. 16. _the_ Low Countries include _the_ Netherlands, __ Belgium and __ Luxembourg. 17. _the_ Colorado River flows through _the_ Grand Canyon. 18. _the_ names of _the_ following streets have _a_ definite article: _the_ Mall, _the_ Strand, _the_ Wall Street, _the_ Unter den Linden. 19. _the_ England of _the_ XXII century will be very different from _the_ England of our days. 20. _the_House drew her back like _a_ magnet. 21. _the_ sea was like __ black oil. 22. There’s no fool like _an_ old fool. 23. They danced in __ silence, __ cheek to __ cheek. 24. Why are you talking in _a_ whisper? 25. He has always been as solid as _a_ rock, hardworking, dependable, devoted and loyal. 26. “your words are not flattering,” she replied with _a_ dry smile. 27. “I can never be yours,” she said with __ pathos, and he accepted _the_ words with _a_ heavy heart. 28. If you had as little money as __ manners, you’d be _the_ poorest of all __ people. 29. _the_ beginning of _a_ detective story should be mysterious and gripping. 30. _the_ beginning of _the_ novel was boring but _the_ end was fantastic. 31. In big cities people have to live in __ blocks of flats. 32. Julia worked hard and soon she was at _the_ top of _the_ class. 33. _the_ snow lay thick on _the_ roof of _the_ house. 34. _the_ roof of _a_ private house needs regular care. 35. Chris had _a_ feeling of complete and __ utter love. 36. For her, the Union Jack was not merely _the_ national emblem of Great Britain, but _the_ symbol of __ justice, __ democracy and __ freedom. 37. _the_ piece of __ information we’ve just got is very timely. 38. They sat down on a bench under _the_ shade of _a_ weeping willow. 39. _the_ proof of _a_ pudding is in the eating. 40. Matilda, _a_ sensitive and brilliant girl, was very quick to learn.
Упражнение 10. Немного усложним задание. Теперь нужно не только подумать, какой артикль поставить, но и куда его деть. Существительные, которым, возможно, требуется артикль, подчеркнуты.
I have discovered during my long career as a teacher that a bad girl is a far more dangerous creature than a bad boy.
the Latest findings of the parliamentary group produced accurate figures.
Let’s take the children to the circus on Sunday morning.
Look, there is a beautiful butterfly on the wall.
Common sense is a person’s natural ability to behave in a practical and sensible way.
Money is the soul of business.
Advice to a fool is a waste of time; it goes in one ear and out of the other.
the Lawyer went to the hospital to make a will for Mr. Pitt.
At five-thirty we had an early supper of sausages and bacon.
Dinner was served from the buffet and people were wandering around with plates of food.
the Dead no longer need help. We must concern ourselves with the living. We must build houses and schools.
I went to the school to talk to the headmistress. I persuaded her to let Ann give up gymnastics and take ballet lessons instead.
My mother goes to church in the morning and in the evening she goes to visit friends.
Man is a reasoning animal.
He had a hasty lunch in a café near Bond Street.
Darkness doesn’t disturb cats. Cats can see in the dark.
– I hope you’ll have a lovely time and good weather. – But I’m not going for a holiday. I’m going on business.
Day after day things may be very much the same.
the Windscreen was smashed and the driver was cut in the face by broken glass.
It was a windy morning but they hired a boat and went for a sail along the coast.
I’ve told you a hundred times not to come into a room with a hat on.
There was a collision between a car and a cyclist at the crossroads near my house early in the morning.
Suddenly making a decision, taking control of the situation, he said in a firm voice, “Let’s go. I’ll take you to lunch. I know a good place for a hamburger and a salad.
Oxford is situated in the south of England, about fifty miles north-west of London.
Ballet isn’t much use for girls. It’s much better to be able to play the piano.
Little is known about the effect of this drug, but a chemist will sell it to you without a prescription.
I didn’t like both of the visitors. One of them was a shabby and miserable man of about forty. the Other one was such a fright that I even got a little scared.
That’s the other side of the coin, so to say.
a Bar of chocolate is a good snack.
the Ogre kept grinning from ear to ear.
Упражнение11. И еще чуть сложнее. Теперь даже нет подчеркнутых слов. Творите!
1. the Meeting for me is like a jump into the unknown. 2. It’s still unknown when the officials are going to take decisive measures. 3. Ben often thought regretfully about the past. 4. the Book is about the dazzling world of the rich and powerful. 5. Mr. Pitt is a well-known economist, an expert in his field. 6. Helen Westwood, a professor of philology, studies the slang of teenagers. 7. He is the President, so he has the last word. 8. Will Prime Minister Blaire discuss it with the Queen? 9. Mother and child should be protected by the State. 10. the Moon was rolling slowly in the sky, from star to star. 11. the Traffic stood nose to tail all the way down the Strand. 12. the English will endure any amount of humiliation and suffering if you can promise them a nice cup of tea at the end of it. 13. At one end of the town stood an old church. Most of the shops lay beyond the church. 14. a Traffic warden is a man or a woman who controls car parking in towns. 15. People of the Hawaiian Islands speak the Polynesian language. 16. Life is easier than you would think; all that is necessary is to accept the impossible, do without the indispensable, and bear the intolerable. 17. When a woman agrees to marry a man, he gives her an engagement ring. 18. Teachers are like weather, one minute good, one minute bad. 19. Opening the fridge door, Jake took out a beer, opened it and drank the cold beer from the bottle. 20. the Evidence of a happy marriage is when husband and wife enjoy each other’s company. 21. We’d like to have a wedding in the fall, in early October, just as the foliage begins to turn yellow. 22. Emma’s eyes rested on the memorandum again. Here was the opportunity she had been waiting for.
Упражнение12. Теперь подумайте, какой артикль понадобится выделенным словам при переводе на английский язык.
1. Он прожил a безгрешную жизнь. 2. Это a вопрос времени. 3. Это было a очень счастливое время. 4. Упорный труд приносит успех. 5. Она выращивает чудесные цветы. 6. Если с ее головы упадет хоть a волос, ты очень пожалеешь. 7. the Последние новости меня радуют. 8. Я люблю теплую весеннюю погоду. 9. Это был a грандиозный обед, были приглашены многие знаменитости. 10. the Горничная поставила the завтрак на поднос и понесла его в the госпожи спальню. 11. Он обсуждает важные вопросы после ужина. 12. the Посольство дает a званый завтрак в честь the праздника. 13. Какой a вкусный обед! Вы a замечательный повар. 14. Мы встали рано the утром, чтобы увидеть the восход солнца. 15. Он трудился день за днем, как an муравей. 16. Три девицы под the окном пряли поздно the вечерком. 17. the Утро было прохладное, но солнечное. 18. Кит – a млекопитающее, но он живет в the море. 19. Когда был изобретен the телефон? 20. a Детективный роман – один из наиболее популярных литературных жанров. 21. a Детектив поможет скоротать время в путешествиях. 22. an муравей имеет шесть ног. 23. Каждый день после школы Билли ходит в the гараж помочь отцу. 24. the Пружины of the кровати были сделаны из тяжелого металла. 25. Граф Монте-Кристо провел в тюрьме много лет. 26. Мы случайно встретились в городе. 27. the Город растет, и людям нужна a новая церковь. 28. the Убийство произошло среди the белого дня, когда все были в церкви. 29. Ватикан является the резиденцией the Римской католической церкви. 30. Вас спрашивает a Петров.
Упражнение13. Переводим предложения на английский язык, сосредоточив внимание на артиклях
1. У меня нет опыта работы с детьми. I have no experience of working with children.2. Это был очень печальный опыт. That was a very sad experience. 3. Успех улучшает характер. Success improves character. 4. Ведьма хочет составить завещание. The witch wants to make a will. 5. У принцессы очень красивые волосы. The princess has got very beautiful hair. 6. Эта книга для людей всех возрастов. This book is for people of all ages. 7. Отсутствие новостей – хорошая новость. The absence of news is good news. 8. Какой своевременный совет! What timely advice! 9. Какая сегодня погода? What is the weather like today? 10. Не могу понять, куда уходят мои деньги. Они как вода. I can’t understand where my money goes. It’s like water. 11. Сколько мы должны заплатить за обед? How much do we have to pay for the dinner? 12. Я еще не решила, что приготовить на обед. I haven’t decided what to cook for dinner. 13. Что у нас на ужин? What do we have for supper? 14. Поздняя осень – время, когда природа готовится к зиме. Late autumn is the time when the nature gets ready for the winter. 15. Какая волшебная ночь! What a wonderful night! 16. Было раннее утро. It was early morning. 17. Было теплое раннее утро. It was a warm early morning. 18. Кенгуру ассоциируется с Австралией. Kangaroo is associated with Australia. 19. Никто не знает, когда человек изобрел колесо. No one knows when man invented the wheel. 20. Доллар – денежная единица США. Dollar is the monetary unit of the USA. 21. Волынка – шотландский национальный музыкальный инструмент. Bagpipes is the Scottish national musical instrument. 22. Он прорыл подземный ход под тюрьмой и сбежал. He dug a tunnel under the prison and escaped. 23. Все должны пойти в больницу на осмотр Everyone must go to hospital for a medical check-up. 24. По воскресеньям бабушка ходит в церковь. On Sunday Granny goes to church. 25. Церковь стоит на холме. The church is on the hill. 26. Они обвенчались в церкви. They got married at church. 27. Музей изобразительных искусств находится на Волхонке. The museum of fine arts is on Volkhonka. 28. Она живет в совершенно ином мире. She lives in a different world. 29. Неужели это настоящий Васнецов? Is it a real Vasnetsov? 30. Она мне как вторая мать. She is like a second mother for me.
REVISION
Choose the right form of the verbs and pronouns in brackets.
There are no bases to these accusations.
These data are interesting.
These formulae have to be changed.
The memoranda on comparative prices are on your table.
These criteria are not valid.
The vetebra is broken.
This phenomenon is worth studying.
What are the graduation criteria in Britain?
The candelabra in the concert hall were gorgeous.
The chemist wasn’t satisfied with these analyses.
We must fasten this globe on its axes.
This oasis was a mirage.
Appendices are usually given at the end of the book.
These diagnoses are being checked now.
This hypothesis is true.
The news is disquieting.
Diane’s hair is cut short.
The police are looking for the criminal.
The goods are already on board.
The witch’s clothes are worn out.
Make the sentences complete by using the words in brackets.
You should explain this term in (скобках).brackets
I have never seen such a (вид) before. species
I have never thought of it as a (кризис). crisis
I don’t understand this (формула). formula
What an interesting (явление)! phenomenon
I don’t think that these (данные) are correct. data
The doctor confirmed the (диагноз) and the boy was taken to hospital. diagnosis
There are no (оснований) for this accusation. bases
Environmental studies have become part of the new school (учебного плана). curriculum
Such (темы) for dissertations have become very popular recently. themes
This (гипотеза) can’t be proved. hypothesis
The entire day was filled with one (кризис) after another. crisis
He was invited to participate only on the (основе) that he might tell us some new facts about the matter. basis
I enjoyed the (серии) about Australia and I wouldn’t mind watching them once again. series
I sent him a (меморандум, докладная записка) regarding our program two days ago but he hasn’t replied yet. memorandum
Kate is growing (кактусы). cacti
The dwarf’s favourite game is (бильярд). billiards
(Электроника) is taught for second-year students. electronics
One of her sacral (позвонков) is broken. vertebrae
I don’t like these (явления). phenomena
C. Translate the phrases into English.
стая птиц a flock of birds, капитан корабля the captain of the ship, фунт клубники a pound of strawberries, овечья шерсть sheep wool, секреты вселенной the secrets of the universe, ведро молока a bucketful of milk, агентство новостей a news agency, земляной орех a pea nut, мировой чемпионат a world championship, дно реки the bottom of the river, край земли the edge of the land, важность этого явления the importance of this phenomenon, отдел продаж a sales department, серия выстрелов a series of shots, мировой кризис a world crisis, база данных a data base, брюхо кота the cat’s belly, кошачьи когти cat claws, информационный центр an information centre, товарный поезд a goods train, голубизна неба the blue of the sky, пение птиц birds’ singing.
D. Give the correct collective noun for the following.
a number of people listening to a concert; the audience
a number of people at a football match; fans
sailors on a ship; the crew
father, mother, son and daughter; a family
a large number of people together but without order or organization; a crowd
the military forces of the country organized for fighting on land; the army
a group of war ships; a flotilla
players in a game of football; a team
a group of people who share a learning experience about a particular subject; a class
usually an appointed group of people who review particular subjects and make recommendations; a committee
a group of birds; a flock
a group of people forming a committee to judge; the jury
a political; ethnic or family division of ancient cultures; a tribe
a number of animals, especially cattle herded by man; a herd
all the people who act in a firm or a play a cast
Hints: class, committee, flock, jury, tribe, herd, cast, family, crew, fans, army, team, flotilla, audience, crowd