Uchebnik_Sukhanova
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Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ............ .... |
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Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ .......... .... |
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ɂɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ .............................................................. .... |
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ȼɟɳɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ............. .... |
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Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ................................... .... |
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ɉɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
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ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ............................................... .... |
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Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
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Ƚɥɚɜɚ 6. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ (ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ) |
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ɤɚɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ .......... ... |
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§ 1. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ (ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ) |
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ɢ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ............. .... |
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Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ |
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ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ................................. .... |
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Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ .................................... .... |
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Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ................. .... |
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§ 2. ɉɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ (ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ) ............. .... |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ |
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(ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ) ............................................................ .... |
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ɉɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ |
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ɩɪɚɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ............................................................ .... |
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ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ |
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ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ .................................................................... .... |
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Ɋɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ........................... .... |
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ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ........ .... |
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ɇɟɨɬɱɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ .................................. .... |
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Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɥɢɰ ɛɟɡ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɬɜɚ .............. .... |
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§ 3. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ |
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(ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ) ............................................................ .... |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ .......... .... |
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ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
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ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ................................................ .... |
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Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ....................... .... |
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ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ............... .... |
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§ 4. Ⱦɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ........... .... |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ (ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ) |
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ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ........................... .... |
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ɇɟɩɨɥɧɚɹ (ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ) ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 14 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ .......... .... |
162 |
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ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ |
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(ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 6 ɞɨ 14 ɥɟɬ) .......... .... |
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§ 5. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ............................................................................ .... |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ............. .... |
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Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ (ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ) |
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ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ........................... .... |
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Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ............. .... |
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ɉɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ...................... .... |
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§ 6. Ȼɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ................................................ .... |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ .................................. .... |
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ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ................................ .... |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ............................. .... |
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ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ |
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ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɨɦ ........................................................................ .... |
176 |
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Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ |
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ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ .............................. |
.... 178 |
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Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ |
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(ɮɟɪɦɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ) ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ................................................ |
.... 180 |
§ 7. Ɉɩɟɤɚ, ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɚɬɪɨɧɚɠ ............................. |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɩɟɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ....................... |
.... 183 |
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Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɨɩɟɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ .................................... |
.... 185 |
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Ʌɢɰɚ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ........... |
.... 186 |
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ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ............. |
.... 188 |
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ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ .......................... |
.... 190 |
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ɉɚɬɪɨɧɚɠ ɧɚɞ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ .................. |
.... 192 |
§ 8. Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ............................................ |
....193 |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ .............................................. |
.... 193 |
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ȼɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ................................................. |
.... 194 |
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Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɰɟɜ |
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ɢ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɰɟɜ ....................................... |
.... 196 |
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Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ ........................................... |
.... 197 |
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ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ............................ |
.... 198 |
§ 9. Ȼɟɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ. |
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Ɉɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɭɦɟɪɲɢɦ ................................ |
....199 |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ |
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ɛɟɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ .............................................. |
... 199 |
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ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ |
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ɛɟɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ............................................. |
... 200 |
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Ɉɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɭɦɟɪɲɢɦ ................................. |
... 201 |
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ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɜɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ, |
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ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɦɟɪɲɢɦ .................................................. |
... 203 |
§ 10. Ⱥɤɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ..................................... |
....206 |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ .................................. |
.... 206 |
2. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ |
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ɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ............................................................. |
.... 207 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. |
....209 |
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Ƚɥɚɜɚ 7. ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɤɚɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ |
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ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ..................................... |
... 210 |
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§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ................................ |
....210 |
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ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ........................................ |
.... 210 |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ .......... |
.... 216 |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ .................................. |
.... 223 |
4. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ .................................................. |
.... 226 |
§ 2. ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ |
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ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ........................................................ |
....230 |
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ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ........................................ |
.... 230 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ......................... |
.... 237 |
3. |
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ............................................ |
.... 240 |
4. |
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɵ ....................................... |
.... 242 |
§ 3. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ |
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ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ............................................................ |
....244 |
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ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ (ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ............ |
.... 244 |
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ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ |
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ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ...................................................... |
.... 248 |
3. |
ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ |
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ɩɭɬɟɦ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ........................................................... |
.... 252 |
4. |
ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ |
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ɩɪɢ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɟ .............................................................. |
.... 258 |
5. |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ.................................. |
.... 262 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. |
....269 |
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Ƚɥɚɜɚ 8. ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ .. |
270 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜ |
|
|
ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ........................................................................ .... |
270 |
|
1. |
ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ................................... .... |
270 |
2. |
ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɰ ....................................................... .... |
271 |
3. |
ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜ ............................................ .... |
273 |
§ 2. ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ ........................................ .... |
274 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨ ...................................................... .... |
274 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚ ........................ .... |
277 |
3. |
Ɍɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɟ (ɤɨɦɦɚɧɞɢɬɧɨɟ) ......................... .... |
279 |
§ 3. ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ............................................... .... |
284 |
|
1. |
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ............... .... |
284 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ |
|
|
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ............... .... |
287 |
3. |
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ........... .... |
290 |
4. |
Ⱥɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ................................................... .... |
291 |
5. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ; |
|
|
ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ................................... .... |
298 |
6. |
Ⱥɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ |
|
|
(«ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ») ............................................. .... |
301 |
7. |
Ⱦɨɱɟɪɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ................................... .... |
304 |
§ 4. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ (ɚɪɬɟɥɶ) ....................... .... |
308 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ |
|
|
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ................................... .... |
308 |
2. |
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ....................... .... |
311 |
3. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ....................... ... |
312 |
§ 5. ɍɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ................................................. .... |
315 |
|
1. |
ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ...................... .... |
315 |
2. |
ɍɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ .................................................... .... |
318 |
3. |
Ʉɚɡɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ .................................. .... |
322 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
324 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 9. ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ |
326 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ............ .... |
326 |
|
1. |
ɇɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ .................................................... .... |
326 |
2. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ .............................. .... |
329 |
§ 2. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ ........................................ .... |
331 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ....................... .... |
331 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ |
|
|
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ...................................... .... |
334 |
3. |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ............ .... |
335 |
§ 3. ɇɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨ ..................................... .... |
338 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜ ............ .... |
338 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ |
|
|
ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ .................................... .... |
341 |
§ 4. ɇɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ........................................ .... |
342 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜ ............... .... |
342 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ................................................. .... |
344 |
§ 5. Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ..................................... .... |
345 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ............................................................ .... |
345 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ............................................................ .... |
347 |
3. |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ |
|
|
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ............................................................ .... |
348 |
§ 6. Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ .......................................... .... |
350 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ |
|
|
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ ........................................... .... |
350 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ |
|
|
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ ........................................... .... |
352 |
§ 7. Ɍɨɜɚɪɧɚɹ ɛɢɪɠɚ ............................................................... .... |
352 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɢɪɠɢ ................................................ .... |
352 |
2. |
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɱɥɟɧɨɜ) |
|
|
ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɢɪɠɢ ............................................................... .... |
354 |
§ 8. Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ .......................................... .... |
355 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ........................... .... |
355 |
2. |
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ |
|
|
ɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ .................................. .... |
357 |
3. |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ................. .... |
358 |
§ 9. Ɏɨɧɞ ................................................................................. .... |
361 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ .................................................. .... |
361 |
2. |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɨɦ ..................................... .... |
362 |
§ 10. Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ................. .... |
365 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɣ |
|
|
ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ........................................ .... |
365 |
2. |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɣ |
|
|
ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ...................................... .... |
366 |
§ 11. ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ................................................................... .... |
367 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ............... .... |
367 |
2. |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ............................ .... |
369 |
3. |
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ......................................... .... |
371 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
372 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 10. ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ .......... ... |
373 |
|
§ 1. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ |
|
|
ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ .................................. .... |
373 |
|
1. |
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ |
|
|
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ........... .... |
373 |
2. |
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ .................................. .... |
375 |
3. |
Ɋɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ |
|
|
ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ |
|
|
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ .............................................. .... |
379 |
§ 2. ɋɥɭɱɚɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ |
|
|
ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ................................. .... |
382 |
|
1. |
ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ |
|
|
ɜ ɜɟɳɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ .................................................... .... |
382 |
2. |
ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ |
|
|
ɜ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ........................................ .... |
384 |
3. |
ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ .................... .... |
385 |
|
ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ................................. .... |
386 |
4. |
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ........... .... |
388 |
5. |
ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ |
|
|
ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ................................ .... |
389 |
6. |
ɋɭɞɟɛɧɵɣ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ................................. .... |
391 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
392 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 11. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ .................... ... |
393 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ...................................... .... |
393 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ .......... .... |
393 |
2. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ............. .... |
394 |
3. |
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ |
|
|
ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ .................................... .... |
396 |
4. |
ɂɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ....................................... .... |
398 |
§ 2. ȼɟɳɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ....... .... |
400 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɟɳɢ ................................................................... .... |
400 |
2. |
Ɉɛɨɪɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɳɟɣ ............................................ .... |
401 |
3. |
Ⱦɜɢɠɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ ..................................... .... |
403 |
4. |
ɂɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ........................................... .... |
407 |
5. |
ɂɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɜɟɳɟɣ ............................................................ .... |
412 |
6. |
Ⱦɟɧɶɝɢ ............................................................................... .... |
417 |
§ 3. ɐɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ................................................................ .... |
419 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ (ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ) ɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ............ .... |
419 |
2. |
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ (ɜɢɞɵ) ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ ............................ .... |
422 |
3. |
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ «ɛɟɡɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ» ............. .... |
426 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
429 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 12. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ........ ... |
431 |
|
§ 1. ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ........................... ... |
431 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ......................................... .... |
431 |
2. |
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ — ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ................................... .... |
431 |
3. |
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ — ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ .................................... .... |
437 |
4. |
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ..................................................... .... |
438 |
§ 2. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ .................................................. .... |
439 |
|
1. |
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ........................................................ .... |
439 |
2. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɚ — ɜɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ............................................ .... |
440 |
3. |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɰɟɥɶ) ɫɞɟɥɤɢ.................................................. .... |
442 |
4. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ................................. .... |
445 |
§ 3. ȼɢɞɵ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ .................................................................... .... |
447 |
|
1. |
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ .................................................... .... |
447 |
2. |
Ɉɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ, ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ |
|
|
ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ............................................... .... |
448 |
3. |
ɂɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ........................................................... .... |
452 |
4. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ .............................. .... |
455 |
§ 4. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ................................ .... |
458 |
|
1. |
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ..................... .... |
458 |
2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ...................................... .... |
459 |
|
3. |
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɰ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ, |
|
|
ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɧɟɣ ............................................................... .... |
460 |
4. |
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɜɨɥɟɢɡɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ............................................................ .... |
460 |
§ 5. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ .................................................................. ... |
461 |
|
1. |
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ................................ .... |
461 |
2. |
ɉɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ .............................................. .... |
463 |
3. |
Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ .......................... .... |
465 |
4. |
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ. |
|
|
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ...................................... .... |
467 |
5. |
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ............................................. .... |
471 |
6. |
ɇɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ........................................... .... |
472 |
7. |
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ............................ .... |
474 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
478 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 13. ɇɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ .......................................... ... |
480 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ......... .... |
480 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ........................................... .... |
480 |
2. |
ɇɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ (ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ) |
|
|
ɫɞɟɥɤɢ .............................................................................. .... |
482 |
3. |
Ɉɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ (ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ) |
|
|
ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ............................................................................... .... |
484 |
4. |
ɇɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ................................. .... |
486 |
§ 2. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
(ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ................... .... |
487 |
|
1. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ........................... .... |
487 |
2. |
ɇɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ, |
|
|
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ |
|
|
ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................................ .... |
488 |
3. |
Ɇɧɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ....................................... .... |
489 |
4. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ |
|
|
ɢ ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ ........................................... .... |
490 |
5. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɪɨɤɚɦɢ (ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ) ɮɨɪɦɵ ................... .... |
491 |
6. |
ɂɧɵɟ (ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ) ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ....................................................... .... |
492 |
§ 3. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
(ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) ɫɞɟɥɨɤ .............. .... |
493 |
|
1. |
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ......................... .... |
493 |
2. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ |
|
|
ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ......................... .... |
494 |
3. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ |
|
|
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ............................... .... |
496 |
4. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ |
|
|
ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 14 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ ............................................... .... |
498 |
5. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, |
|
|
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ........................ .... |
499 |
6. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, |
|
|
ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ |
|
|
ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ ........................................................ .... |
500 |
7. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ |
|
|
ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ .................................................................... .... |
501 |
8. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ .................. .... |
502 |
9. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ................ .... |
503 |
10. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ |
|
|
ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ...................................................... .... |
504 |
11. |
ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ |
|
|
ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ |
|
|
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ................................................. .... |
505 |
12. |
Ʉɚɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ............................................................ .... |
505 |
13. |
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ........................................................ .... |
506 |
§ 4. ɉɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ........................................... .... |
508 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ |
|
|
ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ .................................. .... |
508 |
2. |
Ɋɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ....................................................... .... |
510 |
3. |
Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ........................................ .... |
512 |
4. |
Ⱦɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ............................................... .... |
514 |
5. |
Ɉɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ............................................ .... |
515 |
6. |
ɂɧɵɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ |
|
|
ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ........................................... .... |
515 |
7. |
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ............................................... .... |
516 |
8. |
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ |
|
|
ɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ................. .... |
517 |
9. |
ɂɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ |
|
|
ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ |
|
|
ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ............................................ .... |
518 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
519 |
|
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ III. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ . ... |
520 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 14. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ |
|
|
ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ........................................... ... |
520 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ............ .... |
520 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ...................... .... |
520 |
2. |
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ................................... .... |
522 |
3. |
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ............................. .... |
523 |
§ 2. ɉɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ................. .... |
527 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ............................................................ .... |
527 |
2. |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɟɜ |
|
|
ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ................................... .... |
528 |
3. |
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ................................... .... |
529 |
4. |
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ |
|
|
ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ...................................... .... |
534 |
§ 3. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ .................... .... |
535 |
|
1. |
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ................................................ ... |
535 |
2. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ................................. .... |
537 |
§ 4. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ |
|
|
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ....................................................... .... |
542 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ........................ .... |
542 |
2. |
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ .................... .... |
547 |
3. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ........................................ .... |
550 |
4. |
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ....................................................... .... |
551 |
5. |
ɉɟɪɟɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ..................................................................... .... |
553 |
6. |
ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................ .... |
554 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
555 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 15. ɉɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ............................................................. ... |
556 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ....................... .... |
556 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ................................................ .... |
556 |
2. |
Ɇɟɪɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......................... .... |
557 |
3. |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ .............................. .... |
560 |
4. |
Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ............................. ... |
561 |
§ 2. ɋɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ...................................... .... |
563 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ....................... .... |
563 |
2. |
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ............................................................ .... |
565 |
3. |
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ................... .... |
567 |
§ 3. Ɇɟɪɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
|
|
ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ................................. .... |
568 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɪ |
|
|
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ .............................................. .... |
568 |
2. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɦɟɪ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ............................. .... |
571 |
§ 4. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ |
|
|
ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ................................... .... |
574 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ |
|
|
ɦɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ............................. .... |
574 |
2. |
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ |
|
|
ɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ .................................... .... |
575 |
3. |
Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ |
|
|
ɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ, ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ |
|
|
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ |
|
|
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ .............................................................. .... |
580 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
584 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 16. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ...................... ... |
585 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ .......................... .... |
585 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ........................ .... |
585 |
2. |
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ .. .... |
587 |
3. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......................... .... |
590 |
4. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ............... .... |
592 |
§ 2. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......... .... |
597 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ...................................... .... |
597 |
2. |
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......................... .... |
599 |
3. |
ȼɪɟɞ (ɭɛɵɬɤɢ) ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......................... .... |
601 |
4. |
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......................... .... |
603 |
5. |
ȼɢɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ |
|
|
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ......................... .... |
606 |
§ 3. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ |
|
|
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ .............................................................. .... |
610 |
|
1. |
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ |
|
|
ɨɬ ɜɢɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ |
|
|
(ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ) ...................................... .... |
610 |
2. |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ............. .... |
614 |
3. |
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ |
|
|
ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ .................................................. .... |
617 |
4. |
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ................... .... |
620 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
623 |
|
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 17. ɋɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ......................................... ... |
624 |
|
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ, ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ |
|
|
ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ...................................................... .... |
624 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ .................................................................. .... |
624 |
2. |
ɂɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ .......................................................... .... |
625 |
3. |
ȼɢɞɵ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ..................................................................... .... |
627 |
§ 2. ɂɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ............................................................ .... |
630 |
|
1. |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ .................... .... |
630 |
2. |
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ....................................... .... |
631 |
3. |
ɂɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ........................... .... |
633 |
4. |
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ .................... .... |
636 |
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ................................................. .... |
637 |
|
Ⱥɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ................................................... |
639 |
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ I. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 1. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ
§ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ
1. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ «ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ»
Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ — ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ «ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ» ɛɟɪɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ — «ɰɢɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ» (ius civile), ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ɋɢɦɚ (cives Romani) ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ-ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (civitas), ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɢɦɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ — ɤɜɢɪɢɬɨɜ (ius civile Quiritium, «ɤɜɢɪɢɬɫɤɨɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ»). ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ius civile ɨɯɜɚɬɢɥɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ (ius privatum) ɢ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɢ (ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɪɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ (Zivilrecht, droit civil, civil law). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɨɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɦ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ, ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ «ɰɢɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ», ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ, ɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ — ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ «ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ», ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢ ɧɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɜɨɥɟ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ. ȼɟɞɶ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ; ɨɧɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɨɥɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɬ ɜɡɹɬɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ; ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɨɧɢ ɜɨɥɶɧɵ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɥɸɞɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɹ ɢɯ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɦɟɬɢɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɢɦɫɤɢɟ ɸɪɢɫɬɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ (utilitas), ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ (ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ (ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ), ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɢɛɨ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ, ɧɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɨɧɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ (ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ), ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɸɳɢɦ, ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ, ɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɥɭɱɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ (ɱɬɨ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ). ɉɪɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɬɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɧɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ (ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ) ɩɪɚɜɨ» ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ.
2. ɑɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ