Uchebnik_Sukhanova

ɛ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ (ɫɬ. 174 ȽɄ); ɜ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ (ɫɬ. 175 ȽɄ); ɝ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɬ. 176 ȽɄ);

ɞ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ (ɫɬ. 177 ȽɄ);

ɟ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɫɬ. 178 ȽɄ); ɠ) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ, ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ, ɭɝɪɨɡɵ, ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ

ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ (ɫɬ. 179 ȽɄ).

2.ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ɗɬɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚ.

Ʉɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ,

ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ1. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɟɟ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ, ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɢɦ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ).

ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧ (ɫɬ. 173 ȽɄ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ, ɩɪɢ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɩɨɪɟɧɵ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɣ1. Ɍɚɤɨɜɨɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɚɧɤɨɦ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

Ʉɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ,

ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ʌɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ:

ɚ) ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ; ɛ) ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɨɬɨɡɜɚɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɜɵɞɚɜɲɢɦ ɟɟ;

ɜ) ɨɤɨɧɱɢɥɫɹ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ; ɝ) ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɚɜ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɟɣ.

Ʌɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ.

əɪɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ «ɥɨɩɧɭɜɲɢɯ» ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɛɨɪɨɦ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɣ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɢ ɢɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɵ, ɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɟɡ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ, ɨɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɵɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 835 ȽɄ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɢɥɢ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ, ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬ. 395 ȽɄ, ɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɯ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɭ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ (ɫɬ. 168 ȽɄ). ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɫɞɟɥɤɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɣ.

Ɉɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɯ ɡɧɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ

ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨ ɟɟ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ.

ɂɫɤ ɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɟɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɢ (ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ) ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ.

3.ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.

ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ — ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɤɨɧɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɫɬ. 174 ȽɄ). Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɭɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ

ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɤɨɧɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɚ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ ɨɩɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɛɟɡ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɧɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɩɹɬɢɫɨɬ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ.

ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ. ɂɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ; ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ ɫ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ; ɩɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɩɹɬɢɫɨɬ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.

ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ ɡɧɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯ. ɋ ɢɫɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɞ ɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɰɨ, ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɪɹɦɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɢ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɢ)1.

ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɫɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɫɬ. 174 ȽɄ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 72 ȽɄ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɫɫɵɥɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɤɚɠɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɡɧɚɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɩ. 3 ɫɬ. 1044 ȽɄ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɫɵɥɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ ɩɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɣ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɤɚɠɭɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɡɧɚɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ.

ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦɢ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ (ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ) ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɟ ɨɞɨɛɪɢɬ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ (ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 183 ȽɄ). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 183 ȽɄ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ — ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ.

4.ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 14 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ

ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɭɫɵɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ. 26 ȽɄ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɵ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɭ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɭɫɵɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɩ. 1 ɫɬ.175 ȽɄ). ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ.26 ȽɄ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɛɟɡ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɭɫɵɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɹ:

1)ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɦ, ɫɬɢɩɟɧɞɢɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦɢ;

2)ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;

3)ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɤɥɚɞɵ ɜ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɦɢ;

4)ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ, ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ, ɫɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɨɛ ɷɦɚɧɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ (ɫɬ. 27 ȽɄ) ɢɥɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɪɚɤ ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ (ɩ. 2 ɫɬ.

21ȽɄ).

ȼɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ (ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 171 ȽɄ).

5.ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ

ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɵ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɭ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɹ (ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 176 ȽɄ). ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ,

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ (ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 171 ȽɄ).

6.ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ

Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɸ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɜɨɥɸ. ɇɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɚ: ɧɟɪɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɟ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɜɦɚ, ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɢ, ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɛɟɫɰɟɧɨɤ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɭɸ ɜɟɳɶ.

ɇɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ — ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɬɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɟɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ (ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).

ɋ ɢɫɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɞ ɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɢɣ ɢɯ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɱɶɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ, ɤ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɭ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ (ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 177 ȽɄ).

7.ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ

ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɢɦɟɥɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɨɥɟɢɡɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɥɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɵ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

Ɂɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. Ɂɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ, ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɢɛɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ.

Ɂɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ (ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 178 ȽɄ). Ɇɟɥɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ: ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɦɵ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ.

ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɲɭɦɚ, ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ ɧɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɚ ɲɭɦɚ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ.

ɇɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ).

ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ. Ɉɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ ɩɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ.

8. ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ

Ɉɧɚ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɦɚɧɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ. Ɉɛɦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ.

Ɉɛɦɚɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ (ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ, ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɢ ɨɛɦɚɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ1.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɛɦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ (ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ) ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ (ɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ). ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɢ ɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ, ɢɦɟɥɢ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɦɚɧ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɛɦɚɧ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ

ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɫ ɜɟɞɨɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ.

Ɉɛɦɚɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɥɢ ɨɛɦɚɧɳɢɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɲɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɤ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɦɚɧɳɢɤɚ ɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ.

ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

9. ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ

ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ, ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ — ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ (ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ) ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ.

ɇɚɫɢɥɢɟ — ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ, — ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɨɥɸ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɇɚɫɢɥɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ.

Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɵɧɤɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ, ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ «ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɢ», ɫɬɪɟɦɹɫɶ ɫɤɥɨɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ ɩɨ ɛɪɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɰɟɧɚɦ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ, ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɜ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɜɲɢɯ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ.

ɇɚɫɢɥɢɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ

ɫɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

10.ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ

Ɉɧɚ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɥɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ. ɍɝɪɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ (ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɥɢ

ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ.

ɍɝɪɨɡɚ — ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɝɪɨɡɚ — ɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɡɥɨ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɟɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.)1, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɢɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɟ, ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).

ɉɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɧɟɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧ ɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɪɚɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɚɣɧɭ, ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɜɫɹɤɚɹ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ. ɍɝɪɨɡɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɦɨɣ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ «ɡɥɨ ɝɪɨɡɢɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɛɥɚɝɭ, ɥɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ»2. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɞɟɥɚ.

11.ɋɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ

Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɥɢ ɨɛɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɡɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɦɭ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɭ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ, ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ.

Ɂɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ. ɇɟɛɪɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɬɶ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɪɟɞɚ (ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ), ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ.

Ɂɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ.

ɇɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

12. Ʉɚɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ

ɋɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ:

ɚ) ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ, ɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ;

ɛ) ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ.

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. ɉɨɞ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɝɨɜ, ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɤɨɪɦɢɥɶɰɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. əɜɧɚɹ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ ɛɥɚɝ ɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɧɢɯ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜɵɧɭɞɢɥɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɭ, ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɭɸ (ɤɚɛɚɥɶɧɭɸ) ɫɞɟɥɤɭ, ɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɷɬɢɦ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɞɟɥɚ.

Ʉɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

13. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ

Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ. 46 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ «Ɉɛ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ» ɢ ɫɬ. 78 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ «Ɉɛ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ» ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɨɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɚɟɦ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬ, ɡɚɥɨɝ, ɩɨɪɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ) ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 25 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ.

Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɵ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ) ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ (ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ) ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ. Ɉɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ. Ʉɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛ ɟɟ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ (ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ).

Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ.

ɋɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ — ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ) ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ, ɱɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɚɮɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ 20 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɫɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ (20 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ.

ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ, ɢɯ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɢ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɞɟɬɢ, ɩɨɥɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ ɢ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ, ɭɫɵɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɭɫɵɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɢɯ ɚɮɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ: ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ, ɜɵɝɨɞɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ; ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬ (ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ) 20 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɚɤɰɢɣ (ɞɨɥɟɣ, ɩɚɟɜ) ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ, ɜɵɝɨɞɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ

ɞɟɧɟɝ, ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɟɣ.

2. Ɋɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ

ɉɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɳɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɨɣ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 167 ȽɄ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɳɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬ-

ɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɳɶ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ2. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɬ. 168 ȽɄ), ɜɟɳɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɲɢɦ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ.

ɗɬɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ. Ɇɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɢɣ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɦɨɬɨɰɢɤɥ ɨɬɰɚ. Ɇɨɬɨɰɢɤɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɬ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥ ɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɤ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɤ, ɭɡɧɚɜ ɨ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɞɹɞɢ, ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ ɜɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɫɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɥ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɥ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɫ ɧɢɦ. ɇɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤ, ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɜɟɳɚɧɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ, ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɬɢɬɭɥ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɥ ɢɫɤ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦ ɚɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɋɭɞ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɥ ɢɫɤ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɜ ɫɢɥɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɥ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɟɟ ɜɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɚɬɟɥɸ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤ ɫɦɨɝ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɟɟ ɜ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ.

ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɳɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɰɭ, ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɲɟɦɭ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦ, ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɭ ɧɚ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɵɧɨɦ, ɭɟɡɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɭ. Ɉɲɢɛɨɱɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɪɟɧɚ ɟɦɭ, ɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɟɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɡɚ ɛɟɫɰɟɧɨɤ. ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɥ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɢ ɬɨɦ ɤɚɤɨɜɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ. ɋɞɟɥɤɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 178 ȽɄ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ, ɨɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɭ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 167 ȽɄ.

ȼɨɡɥɚɝɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɳɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɟɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɹ ɷɬɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɶ, ɡɚɤɨɧ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨ

ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɳɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ, ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɳɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɰɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɲɟɦɭ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 167 ȽɄ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɳɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɧɨ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ1.

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɨ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 167 ȽɄ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɟɳɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 167 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ, ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ, ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɩɨ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɢ, ɢɦɟɜɲɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɚ ɜɟɳɶ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩ. 3. 1 ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɋɭɞɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 21 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2003 ɝ. ʋ 6-ɉ «ɉɨ ɞɟɥɭ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩ. 1 ɢ 2 ɫɬɚɬɶɢ 167 ȽɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɠɚɥɨɛɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ Ɉ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɪɢɧɢɱɟɜɨɣ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɇɟɦɢɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ, Ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋɤɥɹɧɨɜɨɣ, Ɋ.Ɇ. ɋɤɥɹɧɨɜɨɣ ɢ ȼ.Ɇ. ɒɢɪɹɟɜɚ»2.

3. Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ

ȼɵɲɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɢɤɬɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ — ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɳɶ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɭ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɳɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ, ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ. ɂɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ.

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɳɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ, ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɟɡɥɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɹ ɡɟɪɧɚ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɹ, ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɡɟɪɧɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ

ɨɛɟɡɥɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɹ.

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɤɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɢ ɧɟ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɨɧ ɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ.

ȼ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɢɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɜɫɟ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ, ɢɥɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɦɢ1. ȼ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɟ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ — ɟɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚ (ɫɩɨɫɨɛ) ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ2. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɧɨɟ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ȽɄ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɢɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨɪɦɵ ɨɛ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ (ɫɬ. 1103 ȽɄ).

Ɉɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɬɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ, ɬɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ.

4. Ⱦɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ

ɉɪɢ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɟ) ɜɨɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɯ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɤɭɩɥɢ-ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɱɚɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɭ, ɚ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ — ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɸ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ (ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ).

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩ. 2 ɫɬ. 167 ȽɄ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɢɧɵɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ. Ⱦɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ:

ɚ) ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɵ; ɛ) ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ;

ɜ) ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ; ɝ) ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ;

ɞ) ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ; ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ, ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɢɦɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ; ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ; ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ; ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɦɢ; ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.

ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ

ɫɰɟɥɶɸ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɥɚ ɭɦɵɫɥɚ.

5.Ɉɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ

Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ,

ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ (ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ).

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ, ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ, ɭɝɪɨɡɵ, ɡɥɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ