МЁРФИ. murphy_raymond_english_grammar_in_use

Verb + preposition (5) in/into/with/to/on

Verb + in

believe IN...:

•Do you believe in God? (= do you believe that God exists?)

•I believe in saying what I think. (= I believe it is right to say what I think) specialise IN...:

•Helen is a lawyer. She specialises in company law.

succeed IN...:

• I hope you succeed in finding the job you want.

Verb + into

break INTO ...:

•Our house was broken into a few days ago but nothing was stolen, crash / drive / bump / run INTO...:

•He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall,

divide / cut / split something INTO (two or more parts):

•The book is divided into three parts.

•Cut the meat into small pieces before frying it. translate (a book etc.) FROM one language INTO another:

•George Orwell’s books have been translated into many languages.

Verb + with

collide WITH...:

• There was an accident this morning. A bus collided with a car. (but ‘crashed into’) fill something WITH... (but full of... - see Unit 130B):

•Take this saucepan and fill it with water, provide / supply somebody WITH...:

•The school provides all its students with books.

Verb + to

happen TO ...:

•What happened to that gold watch you used to have? (= where is it now?) prefer one thing/person TO another:

•I prefer tea to coffee.

Verb + on

concentrate ON...:

•Don’t look out of the window. Concentrate on your work, insist O N ...:

•I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me. spend (money) ON...:

•How much money do you spend on food each week?

135.1Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.

1 There was a collision between a bus and a car. A bus collided ...w ^ .a ear...

2I don’t mind big cities but I prefer small towns.

I prefer .....................................................................................................................

3I got all the information I needed from Jill.

Jill provided m e......................................................................................................

4This morning I bought a pair of shoes which cost £60.

This morning I spent.............................................................................................

135.2Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition:

135.3 Put in the correct preposition.

35.4Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use a preposition.

1 I wanted to go out alone but my friend insisted ...on comjng with me.

2I spend quite a lot of money...................................................................

3I saw the accident. The car crashed ............................. ..........................

4Sarah prefers basketball..........................................................................

5Shakespeare’s plays have been translated.............................................

271

UNIT

1 3 6 Phrasal verbs (get up / break down / fill in etc.)

We often use verbs with the following words:

So you can say put out / get on / take off / run away etc. These verbs are phrasal verbs.

We often use out/off/up etc. with verbs of movement. For example:

But often the second word (out/off/up etc.) gives a special meaning to the verb. For example: break down • Sorry I’m late. The car broke down. (- the engine stopped working)

Look out! There’s a car coming. (= be careful)

It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off. (= went into the air) I was very tired this morning. I couldn’t get up. (= get out of bed)

How was the exam? How did you get on? (= how did you do?)

My French isn’t very good but it’s enough to get by. (= to manage)

B Sometimes a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition. For example:

Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. Usually there are two possible positions for the object.

So you can say:

Some more examples:

„. , [ fill in this form?

*Cou,dyOUU llth isform in ?

but They gave me a form and told me to fill it in. (not ‘fill in it’)

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A P P E N D IX 1

Regular and irregular verbs

1.1Regular verbs

If a verb is regular, the past simple and past participle end in -ed. For example:

For spelling rules, see Appendix 6 .

For the past simple (I cleaned / they finished / she carried etc.), see Unit 5.

We use the past participle to make the perfect tenses and for all the passive forms. Perfect tenses (have/has/had cleaned):

•I have cleaned the windows. (present perfect - see Units 7-8)

•They were still working. They hadn’t finished. (past perfect - see Unit 15)

Passive (is cleaned / was cleaned etc.):

•This gate has just been painted, (present perfect passive) J

1.2Irregular verbs

When the past simple / past participle do not end in -ed (for example, I saw / I have seen), the verb is irregular.

With some irregular verbs, all three forms (infinitive, past simple and past participle) are the same. For example, hit:

•Don’t hit me. (infinitive)

•Somebody hit me as I came into the room, (past simple)

•I’ve never hit anybody in my life, (past participle - present perfect)

•George was hit on the head by a stone, (past participle - passive)

With other irregular verbs, the past simple is the same as the past participle (but different from the infinitive). For example, tell —» told:

•Can you tell me what to do? (infinitive)

•She told me to come back the next day. (past simple)

•Have you told anybody about your new job? (past participle - present perfect)

•I was told to come back the next day. (past participle - passive)

With other irregular verbs, all three forms are different. For example, wake —» woke/woken:

•I’ll wake you up. (infinitive)

•I woke up in the middle of the night, (past simple)

•The baby has woken up. (past participle - present perfect)

•I was woken up by a loud noise, (past participle - passive)

1.3The following verbs can be regular or irregular:

In British English the irregular form (bumt/leamt etc.) is more usual.

For American English, see Appendix 7.

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276

APPENDIX 4

Modal verbs (can/could/will/would etc.)

This appendix is a summary of modal verbs (can/could/will/would etc.). For more informatioi see Units 21-40.

4.1Compare can/could etc. for actions:

Compare could have... / would have... etc.:

4.2We use will/would/may etc. to say whether something is possible, impossible, probable, certaii etc. Compare:

Compare would have... / should have... etc.:

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APPENDIX 5

Short forms (I’ m / you’ve / didn’t etc.)

5.1In spoken English we usually say I’m / you’ve / didn’t etc. (short forms) rather than I am / you have / did not etc. We also use short forms in informal written English (for example, in letters to friends).

When we write short forms, we use an apostrophe (’) for the missing letter(s):

’s can be is or has:

•She’s ill. (= She is ill.)

•She’s gone away. (= She has gone away.) but let’s = let us:

•Let’s go now. (= Let us go)

’d can be would or had:

•I’d see a doctor if I were you. (= I would see)

•I’d never seen her before. (= I had never seen)

We use some of these short forms (especially’s) after question words (who/what etc.) and after that/thcrc/hcrc:

who’s what’s where’s how’s that’s there’s here’s who’ll there’ll who’d

•Who’s that woman over there? (= who is)

•What’s happened? (- what has)

•Do you think there’ll be many people at the party? (= there will)

You can also use short forms (especially’s) after a noun:

•John’s going out tonight. (= John is)

•My friend’s just got married. (= My friend has)

You cannot u se’m / ’s / ’re / ’ve / ’ll / ’d at the end o f a sentence (because the verb is stressed in this position):

• ‘Are you tired?’ ‘Yes, I am.’ (not ‘Yes, I’m.’)

•Do you know where she is? (not ‘Do you know where she’s?’)

5.3Negative short forms