МЁРФИ. murphy_raymond_english_grammar_in_use

UNIT

5 5 Verb + -ing or t o ... (1) (remember/regret etc.)

A When one verb follows another verb, the structure is usually verb + -ing or verb + to... . Compare.

This difference is often helpful (see Section B) but does not explain all uses of -ing and to... .

Some verbs can be followed by -ing or to... with a difference of meaning:

• We couldn’t find anywhere to stay. We tried every hotel in the town but they were all full. (= we went to every hotel to see if they had a room)

If try (with this meaning) is followed by a verb, we say try -ing:

•A: The photocopier doesn’t seem to be working.

B:Try pressing the green button. (= press the green button - perhaps this will help

to solve the problem) Compare:

• I tried to move the table but it was too heavy, (so I couldn’t move it)

•I didn’t like the way the furniture was arranged, so I tried moving the table to the other side of the room. But it still didn’t look right, so I moved it back again.

B Need to... and need -ing

I need to do something = it is necessary for me to do it:

•I need to take more exercise.

•He needs to work harder if he wants to make progress.

•I don’t need to come to the meeting, do I?

Something needs doing = something needs to be done:

•The batteries in the radio need changing. (= they need to be changed)

•Do you think my jacket needs cleaning?

(= ...needs to be cleaned)

•It’s a difficult problem. It needs thinking about very carefully. (= it needs to be thought about)

There is also an expression ‘can’t/couldn’t help doing something’. ‘I can’t help doing something’ = I can’t stop myself from doing it:

• 1 don’t like him but he has a lot of problems. I can’t help feeling sorry for him.

•She tried to be serious but she couldn’t help laughing. (= she couldn’t stop herself from laughing)

•I’m sorry I’m so nervous. I can’t help it. (= I can’t help being nervous)

UNIT

5 7 Verb + -ing or t o ... (3) (like / would like etc.)

like love hate can’t bear enjoy dislike mind can’t stand

These verbs and expressions all mean ‘like’ or ‘not like’. They are often followed by -ing:

•Ann hates flying.

•Why do you dislike living here?

•I don’t like people shouting at me. (= I don’t like being shouted at.)

After love, hate and can’t bear, you can also use to... .S o you can say:

But after enjoy / dislike / mind / can’t stand, we use only -ing (not ‘to...’):

•1enjoy being alone. (not ‘I enjoy to be’)

•Tom doesn’t mind working at night, (not ‘mind to work’)

BLike

You can say ‘I like doing something’ or ‘I like to do something’. Often it doesn’t matter whiJi you use, so you can say:

• I like getting up early, or I like to get up early.

In British English, there is sometimes a difference between ‘1like doing’ and ‘I like to do’.

‘I like doing something’ means ‘I enjoy it’:

•Do you like cooking? (= do you enjoy it?)

•I like living here. (= I enjoy it)

‘I like to do something’ means ‘I think it is good or right to do it’:

•I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible. (This doesn’t mean that I enjoy it; it means that I think it is a good thing to do.)

•Mary likes people to be on time.

CWould like / would love / would hate / would prefer are usually followed by to... (infinitive)-.

•I would like to be rich.

•Would you like to come to dinner on Friday?

•I’d love (= would love) to be able to travel round the world.

•Would you prefer to have dinner now or later?

Compare I like and I would like:

Note that would mind is followed by -ing (not to...):

• Would you mind closing the door, please?

DYou can also say ‘I would like to have done something’ (= I regret now that I didn’t or couldn’t do something):

•It’s a pity we didn’t see Val when we were in London. I would like to have seen her again.

•We’d like to have gone on holiday but we didn’t have enough money.

You can use the same structure after would love / would hate / would prefer:

• Poor old Tom! I would hate to have been in his position.

• I’d love to have gone to the party but it was impossible.

1 George is a detective. He enjoys his work. He ...likes solving mysteries.

2 Ann very rarely travels by plane. She ...doesn’t.like flying...

3Rose always carries her camera with her. She

4Christine doesn’t use her car very often. She..................................................................................

5Dave is a gardener. He likes his job. H e .........................................................................................

6Jennifer is a very cautious person. Sh e........................................................................................

7Ted is extremely lazy. H e..................................................................................................................

8Helen is very impatient. She .............................................................................................................................................................................................

2 Write sentences about yourself Say whether you like or don’t like these activities. Choose one of

2(playing cards).....................................................................................................................................

3(doing the ironing)......................... .....................................................................................................

4(going to museums) .....................................................................................................

5(lying on the beach all day) .....................................................................................................

"" 3 How would you feel about doing these jobs? In your sentences use one o f these:

2(a dentist).............................................................................................................................................

3(a hairdresser) .......................................................................................................................

4(an airline pilot) ..................................................................................................................

5(a tourist guide) ........................................................................................................................

115

UNIT

58 Prefer and would rather

A Prefer to do and prefer doing

You can use ‘prefer to (do)’ or ‘prefer -ing’ to say what you prefer in general:

• I don’t like cities. I prefer to live in the country, or I prefer living in the country.

Study the differences in structure after prefer. We say:

CWould rather (I’d rather...)

Would rather (do) = would prefer (to do). After would rather we use the infinitive without to

• I’d rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema.

D I’d rather you did something

When you want somebody to do something, you can say ‘I’d rather you did something’:

In this structure we use the past (came, did etc.), but the meaning is present or future, not past. Compare:

• I’d rather cook the dinner now.

but • I’d rather you cooked the dinner now. (not ‘I’d rather you cook’) The negative is ‘I’d rather you didn’t...’:

116 Prefer...to... -► UNIT 135D

EXERCISES

.1 Which do vou prefer? Write sentences using ‘I prefer (something) to (something else)’. Put the

6(3) I prefer t o .....................................................................................................................................

7(4) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 Write sentences using I’d prefer... or I’d rather... + one of the following:

12(wait a few minutes / leave now)

I’d rather...........................................................................................................................................

13(eat at home / go to a restaurant)

I’d prefer...........................................................................................................................................

14(think about it for a while / decide now)

I’d rather...........................................................................................................................................

Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing

If a preposition (in/for/about etc.) is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing. For example:

You can also say ‘interested in somebody (do)ing...’, ‘fed up with you (do)ing...’ etc.:

• I’m fed up with you telling me what to do.

Note the use of the following prepositions + -ing:

before -ing and after -ing:

•Before going out, I phoned Sarah, (not ‘Before to go out’)

•What did you do after leaving school?

You can also say ‘Before I went out...’ and ‘...after you left school’.

by -ing (to say how something happens):

•The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.

•You can improve your English by reading more.

•She made herself ill by not eating properly.

without -ing:

•I ran ten kilometres without stopping.

•They climbed through the window without anybody seeing them, (or ...without being seen.)

•She needs to work without people disturbing her. (or ...without being disturbed.)

•It’s nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money.

To -ing

To is often part of the infinitive (to do / to see etc.):

•We decided to go out.

•Would you like to play tennis?

But to is also a preposition (like in/for/about/from etc.). For example:

•We drove from London to Edinburgh.

*• I prefer tea to coffee.

•Are you looking forward to the weekend?

If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing (in doing / about going etc.- see

Section A). So, when to is a preposition and it is followed by a verb, you must say to -ing:

•I prefer driving to travelling by train, (not ‘to travel’)

•Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again? (not ‘looking forward to see’) For be/get used to -ing, see Unit 60.

119