Английский

3)после глаголов ‘have” и “get” в каузативной конструкции:

I had my suit cleaned. I am having my car repaired.

Вотличие от аналогичного инфинитивного оборота, причастие I в сложном дополнении выражает действие незаконченное: We saw the man crossing the street. Мы видели, как этот человек переходил улицу. We saw the man cross the street. Мы видели, как этот человек перешел улицу.

1. Выберите нужную форму:

1)She felt her hands tremble/trembling.

2)She felt someone's hand slip/slipping into her pocket

3)I heard the door of the entrance hall open/ opening and close/closing softly.

4)The people living in this region do not see the sun come/ coming out for months.

5)We saw them jump/ jumping with parachutes.

6)We watched the planes circle/ circling above our heads.

7)From the window you can see people work/ working in the fields.

8)We stood on the deck and watched the sun go/ going down.

9)He saw her come/ coming in, pick/picking up the telegram and read/ reading it.

10)I heard someone walking/ walk up to my door.

3. Переведите на английский язык:

1)Я слышал, как он открывает дверь.

2)Я почувствовал, как он коснулся моей руки.

3)Я чувствовал, что дождь капает мне на лицо.

4)Мы видели, как люди бежали толпой в направлении станции метро.

5)Я слышал, как кто-то кричал.

6)Журналисты наблюдали, как свободно он говорит по-испански.

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7)Мы чувствовали, что происходит что-то ужасное.

8)Весь мир видел, как падали башни-близнецы.

9)Люди, наблюдавшие за тем, как рушились здания, чувствовали, что пришел конец света.

10)Ты слышишь, как гремят выстрелы?

THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION

Состоит из существительного или личного местоимения, безличного местоимения “it” или вводного “there” и причастия, выражающего действие. Имеет свой субъект действия, отличный от подлежащего в предложении. В предложении всегда выделяется запятой. На русский язык переводится придаточным предложением условия, причины, следствия, времени, сопутствующего действия в сложноподчиненном предложении, деепричастным оборотом или самостоятельным предложением.

Переделайте следующие предложения, следуя образцу:

I often saw him at the conferences. He was surrounded by other scientists.

I often saw him at the conferences, surrounded by other scientists.

1)He was admired by all who knew him. He devoted his life to others.

2)His works are published by most prominent publishing companies. They are still very up-to-date.

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3)If I am accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.

4)The documents had been kept in secret for many years. Now they are going to be made available for open discussion.

5)The child was abandoned by his parents at an early age. He took to stealing.

6)I was exhausted through lack of sleep and fell asleep at my desk.

7)Since I was promoted, I’ve had no time for a vacation.

8)The manager was frequently criticized for his self-centered attitude. However, he did his job well.

9)Although the man was released from prison, he could not find a job anywhere.

10)The committee meeting, which were always dominated by the same people, were slow-moving and ine ectual.

11)If we are elected, we’ll increase the value of pensions.

12)Although he was ridiculed, he continued to pursue his bizarre projects.

13)Unless it is destroyed, the document could have damaging consequences.

14)The woman had been shoplifting for many years before she was found out.

15)Since the government was elected, it has had one crisis after another.

16)The message got across to the authorities because it was repeated over and over again.

17)After it was fixed the computer worked quite well.

18)When he was being questioned, the man admitted he had stolen the money.

19)As I was happy with the results, I decided to go out and celebrate.

20)I’d had an argument with him the night before so I didn’t want to see him.

2. Переведите на русский язык:

1)His speech finished, the audience applauded.

2)The speaker having finished, the audience applauded.

3)His speech being very interesting, the audience listened attentively.

4)He continued speaking, his colleagues listening attentively.

5)Her proposal having been accepted, she took her seat.

6)Nobody having no more to say, the meeting was closed.

7)The crisis having passed, we can think about the future.

8)Her courage failing, the woman rushed back.

9)The standard of living having improved after the war, the people could a ord spending more money on foodstu s.

10)He died in 1995, his task accomplished.

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3. Переведите с русского на английский:

1)Так как оставалось еще полчаса до начала конференции, мы решили перекусить.

2)Если условия будут благоприятными, наша политика окажется плодотворной.

3)Мы долго разговаривали: он задавал мне вопросы, а я отвечал на них.

4)Если время позволит, мы обсудим ваше предложение.

5)Так как погода была дождливой, поездку за город пришлось отменить.

6)Когда все приготовления были закончены, мы начали испытания.

7)Если эта проблема будет решена, обстановка в регионе стабилизируется.

8)Если менеджеры поймут важность этих условий, они найдут общий язык с подчиненными.

PASSIVE VOICE

Страдательный залог в английском используется:

1)когда лицо, совершившее действие, неизвестно, очевидно из контекста или не имеет значения:

The door had been locked

Repairs are being made on the highway.

2)когда действие важнее того, кто совершил его (например, в сводках новостей, официальных уведомлениях, инструкциях, описаниях процессов, заголовках, объявлениях):

The whole area was evacuated.

3)когда нужно подчеркнуть, что действие было совершено именно этим лицом:

“Hamlet” was written by Shakespeare.

4)когда говорящий хочет быть вежливым или сохраняет сухой, официальный тон:

My cup has been broken.

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1. Напишите предложения в пассивном залоге:

1)The letters / type/ yet.

2)The politician / interview/ now.

3)The telephone / invent/ Alexander Bell.

4)His flat/ burgle/ last night.

5)The conference/ open/ before we arrived.

6)The manager/ inform/ yet.

7)The goods/ ship/ now.

8)The prizes/ award/ President/ tomorrow.

9)Tea/ grow/ India.

10)The prisoners / take/ to prison/ now.

2. Раскройте скобки в следующих предложениях:

1)Participants of the forum (welcome) by the President.

2)The investors' attention (focus) on global problems at the conference yesterday.

3)Beverages no stronger than wine (allow) on the grounds of LenExpo this year.

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4)He noted that the suit (accept) by the court.

5)Kremlin (manage) currently by the Federal Property Management Agency.

6)Its status (confirm) by the President when he took his o ce in 2008.

7)The Rurik dynasty (succeed) by the House of Romanov.

8)Russia (rule) by the Romanovs who (relate) to the Rurik dynasty until the end of the monarchy in 1917.

9)At the moment access to numerous buildings (limit) because they (use) by the o cials.

10)The next hearing (schedule) for August.

3.Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные:

1)You'll be informed about the agenda later.

2)He was asked about his opinion of the new trends in the economy of the country.

3)Some 400,000 people have been displaced by ethnic violence in Southern Kyrgyzstan.

4)300,000 people have been driven from their homes.

5)Many people were killed in the clash.

6)A lot of houses have been destroyed by the earthquake.

7)Her decisions are based not on laws but on her personal likes and dislikes.

8)All adoptions through unaccredited middlemen will be banned.

9)Some 1,800 children were adopted in the USA last year.

10)Ten young men were arrested for hate crimes on Thursday.

11)The crime of which they were accused is the murder of a student from Ghana.

12)The nationalist group is being accused of being behind a series of similar hate crimes.

13)18 people have been killed in racist and xenophobic crimes this year.

14)Many Uzbeks say they had been prevented from returning home by the authorities.

15)The man was questioned by the authorities when he flew into Farnborough Airport near London.

4.Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные:

1)The Federal Customs Service of Russia is composed of 7 regional customs administrations.

2)Northwest Customs Administration was founded in 1990.

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3)The Federal Customs Administration is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

4)A U.S. diplomat was being investigated on suspicion of trying to smuggle rare Soviet posters.

5)The diplomat was allowed to fly out of Russia, but the posters were confiscated.

6)Actions are focused on improving training for the sta .

7)1600 million tons of cargo is transported by sea and 8 million tons of cargo is transported by air.

8)Non-intrusive inspection equipment is being deployed at border crossings.

9)Drug precursors are used to manufacture illicit drugs.

10)A new legal arsenal has been put in place in the EU with the entry into force of a set of new regulations.

5. Переделайте следующие предложения, употребив глагол в пассиве:

1)They will show the visitors new buildings.

2)They have given him all the necessary information.

3)The management o ered the man the job.

4)The employers usually pay di erent amounts of money to men and women.

5)The Head of the corporation showed us some of the new equipment.

6)They have sent us a copy of the letter.

7)The administration is promising the women an increase in their earnings.

8)Their colleagues told them the news.

9)The engineer have given them all the required instructions.

10)They elected him chairman of the committee.

6.Переделайте следующие предложения по образцу:

People say that he is a promising politician. > It is said that he is a promising politician.

1)The Press secretary says that the delegation will arrive on Sunday.

2)The politicians say that the crisis will be over soon.

3)People believe that the situation will have changed by 2012.

4)Police suppose that the men are hiding in the mountains.

5)Our correspondent reports that union leaders have agreed on joint actions.

6)People fear that drastic measures will be taken.

7)Some people believe that it is useless to save money.

8)Some people consider that taxation is not necessary in modern state.

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9)The government spokesman acknowledged that there had been a widespread of unrest in the region.

10)Some businessmen claim that taxes on income are too high.

11)Journalists have reported that the meeting was fruitful.

12)People expect him to win the elections.

13)Everyone knows that the statement was untrue.

14)Many people believe that the climate is changing.

15)Everyone knows that he has been in prison.

16)They claim that the crime is being investigated by the police.

7. Вставьте “by” или with”:

1)The window was broken ... a hammer.

2)He was knocked down ... a car.

3)The man was shot ... a rifle.

4)The decision was made ... the manager.

5)The city centre was attacked ... a mob.

6)New measures against the crime will be introduced ... the government.

7)My passport was checked ... the customs o cer.

8)The dish was made ...carrots and cauliflower.

9)The film was directed … Sidney Pollack.

10)He was hit ... stones.

8. Преобразуйте следующие предложения, используя пассивный залог:

1)Scientists might discover a cure for cancer.

2)Someone should help the old woman across the street.

3)They might have arrested the escaped prisoner.

4)They should have provided the refugees with shelter.

5)They ought to warn the public about the coming crisis.

6)They should build more bus lanes.

7)They could have sent us the answer yesterday.

8)Somebody must tell them about the lay o s.

9)They must introduce new approaches in their policy.

10)They may have repaired the telephone.

9. Преобразуйте пассивный залог в активный:

1)Many animals continue to be killed in the world.

2)A new fitness centre has been opened in our district recently.

3)A lot of houses have been re-constructed in the city.

4)Contracts for more than 50 billion dollars were signed by the City Hall last year.

5)A consensus has been achieved at the forum.

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6)The construction of the tunnel has been delayed for years.

7)This project is long waited for.

8)Five people have been detained by the police.

9)Taxes and barriers to foreign capital will be reduced to attract “investment boom”.

10)Friendlier foreign policy is being adopted by the Kremlin.

10. Переведите на английский язык, используя пассивный залог:

1)Любой конкурс требует победителей.

2)Президент сообщил, что со следующего года отменяется налог на прибыль для организаций, предоставляющих услуги образования и здравоохранения.

3)По мнению многих, результат этих мер будет ощутим уже через 5–6 лет.

4)Такие меры создадут новые рабочие места.

5)Количество пользователей интернета будет увеличено за несколько лет.

6)Когда-то мобильные телефоны передавали только голос.

7)Теперь с их помощью можно обмениваться текстами и картинками.

8)Пока что многодетным семьям предоставляют недостаточно льгот.

9)Труд осужденных во время отбывания наказания в колонии включается в трудовой стаж.

10)В законодательство были внесены изменения.

11)Абитуриенты будут выбирать технические специальности.

12)Несколько столетий назад первопроходцы прирастили к нашему государству богатейшие земли за Уральскими горами.

13)В Сочи идет стройка олимпийских объектов.

14)Российский газ удовлетворяет потребности в газе и России, и Европы.

15)Считается, что наши ресурсы неисчерпаемы.

11. Переведите на русский язык:

1)The security concern was elevated after the events of September 11, 2001.

2)New procedures are being introduced and additional safety measures are being prepared and implemented by customs administrations.

3)Customs is well positioned to control the goods at the time of importation.

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4)Customs must ensure that goods that were imported for other purposes than home consumption are not diverted to such consumption.

5)Trade facilitation should be incorporated into multilateral trade negotiations.

6)A wide range of new approaches, systems, procedures and operating methods will have to be developed.

7)Often, customs is not provided with the technological resources to facilitate and secure international supply chains.

8)Customs sta are recruited young and often trained in paramilitary fashion.

9)The skills of classifying goods, determining value and country of origin, and applying proper procedures for processing merchandise are needed by customs.

10)Clearance of goods is a ected by factors such as the quality of port facilities and the multitude of organizations and hando s involved in transactions.

12. Переведите на русский язык:

1)Many diverse personnel and labor relations activities may be subsumed under several human resource policy areas.

2)It has been argued that the developmental imperative for all human beings is to move from dependence.

3)In Japan employee compliance with hierarchical control was supported by Chinese Confucianism, in which family hierarchy and responsibility to groups are emphasized.

4)In many European countries elected workers councils are given certain governance powers — ranging from the right to be informed to the power of codetermination — over the workplace.

5)In West Germany employees sit as representatives on permanent work councils that are granted legally defined rights.

6)These governance models are to be followed by other companies.

7)The degree of influence of the mechanism for employee participation is determined by legislation.

8)Management's influence is a ected by business knowledge and decision making skills.

9)The recruitment should not be looked at only from the point of view of its impact on the cost of e ectiveness and congruence.

10)Once employees have been recruited, their flow through the organization must be managed so that their competence is developed to meet corporate needs.

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