bogatyreva_m_a_uchebnik_angliiskogo_yazyka_dlya_neyazykovyh

a prejudice (against) [ preGVdIs] n. предрассудок, предубеждение: A judge must be free from prejudice.

to dispel (an illusion) [dIs pel] v. развеять (иллюзию): She encouraged us and her words dispelled our fears.

to depend on sth/sb [dI pend] phr. v. зависеть от кого л.: The country depends heavily on its tourist trade. (in)dependent adj. – (не)зависимый

to upset (an idea) [Ap set] v. опрокинуть (представление), нарушить что л.: He upset the cup and the coffee went all over the floor. The sudden change of the weather upset our plans.

to make sb do sth [meIk] v. заставить кого л. сделать что н.: The pain made him cry out. Can’t you make that dog stand still? They made her wait.

society [sq saIqtI] n. общество: Society has a right to make people observe the law.

proud [praVd] adj. гордый, to be proud of гордиться чем л.: His parents were very proud when he qualified as a doctor. We’re really proud of our children.

a priority [praI PrItI] n. приоритет: Cars coming from the left have priority. Have you got your priorities right? Правильно ли вы оценили, `что более и `что менее важно?

35. The English suffixes en, fy and ize form verbs from nouns

WORD BUILDING

and adjectives.

to become strong – to strengthen усиливать

35a. Read the verbs with the suffixes fy and ize and give their Russian equivalents.

to specify, to unify, to ratify, to clarify, to electrify,

to symbolize, to specialize,

to modify, to identify

to harmonize, to idealize,

to characterize, to nationalize

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35b. Form the verbs with the suffix en and suggest their Russian equivalents.

Hard, sharp, tight, weak, bright, dark, wide, soft, worse.

36. Read these international words and give their Russian equivalents.

Function, discipline, barrier, re action, na ive, sphere, vibrant, ro mantic, ro mance, ,eco nomic, , aca demic, po sition, pro duction, il lusion, in credibly, i dentity, , geo graphical,

, multi cultural, , interac tivity.

Here are two letters published in the American magazine “Connections”, Jan. 1995.

One can seldom hear about the actual experiences of the people involved in the international exchange programmes. Student exchangees tell it as it is.

37. Read the first letter, make up 3–4 key questions based on the contents of the text and answer your questions.

Text A

The Other Side of the Moon

Cultural Note

Wyoming [waI qVmIN] is a US state in the Rocky Mountains with the smallest population of any state. It produces minerals and wool.

Part 1. “Why Russia?” by Susannah Smiley

“Why Russia?” Such was the reaction of many of my friends – even my family – when I told them of my plans to spend six months studying in Saratov.

My six week stay in Saratov last summer left me wanting more. The first impressions were incredibly naive, romantic and

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idealistic. I fell in love with Russia, it seemed to me so alive, so vibrant.

At the time I decided to get back to Russia to study, I was enrolled in the International Studies program* at the University of Wyoming (UW), a program that strongly encourages student exchanges. The idea of being a student in a foreign country was very exciting and challenging.

The last four months have taught me much about the Russian language, about life and about myself. I feel that now I have a deeper understanding of Russia and her people, although complete understanding is impossible to achieve. Russia still seems to me very alive and vibrant, but this time it is alive with life and not romance. I have not tried to understand Russia in terms of life in America. Russia is truly its own place; the Russians are people with their own identity. Whenever I notice differences or similarities, I wonder at how big life really is.

I enjoy my program of study at Saratov State University, and the fantastic progress I have made gives me the enthusiasm to keep up the pace. I leave here in December to finish my degree in U.W. in May. After that I plan to go to law school, and, of course, I would like to work with Russian. I consider my stay in Russia one of the best decisions I’ve ever made.

Susannah Smiley 1601 Rainbow Avenue Laramie, WY 82070

a)Complete the pre text task.

b)Read the second letter, also make up 3 4 key questions based on the contents of the text and answer your questions.

Cultural Note

Albany [O:lbqnI] is the capital city of the state of New York in the US.

Part 2. No more prejudices by Irina Ryabinina

The Freedom Support Act Program has started functioning

* program – AmE; programme – BrE

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just recently. As part of this program I had to live in the U.S. for one year, stay with an ordinary American family, and attend an ordinary high school.

My American experience has dispelled some of my illusions. Now I realize that life does not only depend on the geographical position and economic situation of my country. I believe in human nature and the idea that a person builds a world around him himself.

My year in Shaker High School in Albany, N.Y., has certainly had its ups and downs. Living without parents I had to learn how to deal with difficulties myself. I met a lot of wonderful people who upset my idea of a “typical American”.

My host family and friends made my stay in America very special. All of them were ready to help. It was really great to know that my success meant as much to them as it did to me. I was fascinated not only by the Americans, but by American culture. The multicultural American society made me think of my own country.

Comparing the two great powers, I learnt both to be proud of my home country and to see its weak points.

The year in the States hasn’t changed my moral values. It has sharpened my sense and set different priorities. I’m enrolled at Saratov State University. This is a great achievement!

Irina Ryabinina 17/25 Universitetskaya Str.

Saratov, 410078

38. Tasks

a)Complete the pre text task.

b)Find the English for the following Russian phrases. Use them in discussing the texts.

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обострило восприятие, переоценить приоритеты, это большое достижение.

c)Pick out words and phrases describing Susannah and Irina’s impressions of their stay in a foreign country.

d)Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on the right.

e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and phrases from the text.

1.He is not qualified to teach young children.

2.The supermarket is usually closed by now, but it may happen that it is still open.

3.The Elliots are pleased/satisfied with the Mercedes they’ve bought this week.

4.I’m surprised at how fluently she speaks Portuguese. She has a good command of 4 foreign languages!

5.My brother’s got a whole set of the new stamps.

6.There’s a good chance of catching the train if you get a bus to the station instead of walking.

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7.A coach is the cheapest likely way of going to Europe.

8.Mary had to stop reading for some time. There was something wrong with her eyes.

f)There are two English equivalents for the Russian verb отказываться. Translate the following using the verbs to refuse and to give up.

g)Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions or adverbs.

1.When on the bus the girl gave ___ her seat to an old lady.

2.The price of the shares (акции) depends ___ the number of people who want to buy them.

3.We think ___ the forthcoming trip ___ terms ___ money.

4.She gave ___ medicine and took ___ painting.

5.The book made me laugh ___ the main characters, but it made Anna cry.

6.I’d like to enroll ___ the six month English course ___ Oxford University.

7.Her parents know why she has left home and there’s nothing to wonder ___.

8.___ the rush hour the Moscow Underground is alive ___

passengers.

9.Edward must brush ___ his French before he goes to Paris.

10.May I take the opportunity ___ thanking you ___ your hard work ___ the project?

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h) Leave out relative pronouns (относительные местоимения) where possible.

Example:

The idea which she put forward was interesting.

The idea she put forward was interesting.

1. The fantastic progress that I have made gives me the enthusiasm to keep up the pace. 2. I rang up the Manager’s secretary who did our accounts. 3. Teachers advise students who have problems with their studies. 4. Oxford is a town that I’ve always wanted to visit. 5. I know the girl with whom he’s playing chess. 6. The watch which you are looking at is wrong. 7. It’s a book which can interest children of all ages. 8. I gave him an envelope which he put in his pocket at once. 9. Have you ever spoken to people who live next door? 10. Here are the papers that you were looking for.

i)Add the missing relative pronoun or make a contact clause where possible.

1.Where is the shop ... sells picture postcards? 2. The woman to ...

I spoke was extremely helpful. 3. Do you remember the person ...

you have borrowed the calculator from? 4. These are the car keys

... you have lost. 5. Brazil ... is the world’s largest exporter of coffee, has high inflation. 6. The only thing ... keeps me awake is coffee. 7. The computers ... you ordered have arrived. 8. The candidate ... they’ve selected has lots of experience. 9. The chief is going to promote Tim Lang ... only joined the company six months ago.

j)Explain the usage of articles in the sentences below.

1. ... lion is ... large powerful animal. 2. Show me ... map of Europe.

3. I liked ... film I saw yesterday. 4. We stopped in front of ... big

house. 5. When I entered ... room, I saw ... student sitting at ...

desk. ... student was making ... notes. 6. Is ... salt necessary for ...

life? 7. ... rectangle with equal sides is called ... square. 8. ...

health is more important to me than ... money. 9. It’s ... interest-

ing work. 10. He spoke with ... enthusiasm which excited us all.

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11. ... walls of his room are painted blue. 12. ... pine grows in northern countries. 13. Pushkin, ... great Russian poet, was born in 1799. 14. My friend, ... teacher of history, has won ... chess tournament. 15. ... African elephant is taller than ... Indian. 16. Yesterday I met ... friend whom I recognized at once. 17. ... butter which is made of boiled cream tastes good. 18. This is ... most popular play. 19. Bernard Shaw is .. most popular playwright in his country. 20. Have they taken ... wounded to hospital? 21. ...

violin is a string instrument. 22. My father enjoys ... very good health. 23. ... spaniel has long ears. 24. ... silk which is used for ...

aviation industry must be of ... highest quality.

k) Translate the word combinations with the verbs make and

do.

“To make” means to produce sth by work or action (make a cake, make breakfast), whereas the verb “to do” describes a process or activity (do a good job).

l) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of do or make.

1.Paolo speaks English fluently and never _____ a mistake.

2.Would you _____ me a favour and take this package to the post office? 3. I always _____ my bed in the morning and _____ the shopping after work. 4. I have to ____ my best to finish this today.

5.Please excuse me for a minute. I have to _____ a phone call.

6.Our company _____ a lot of business with Japan. 7. If you want to see Dr. Smith, you have to _____ an appointment. 8. Rick decid-

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ed to give up his job because he wasn’t _____ enough money. 9. My husband _____ the housework, and I _____ the cooking. 10. I’m going on vacation next week, but I haven’t _____ any plans yet.

11.Our neighbours always _____ a lot of noise on Saturday nights.

m)Look through the texts once again and answer these ques-

tions.

1. What were the reasons why Susannah returned to Russia? How did she make her choice? 2. What idea of this country did she have in mind after her first visit? 3. What life experience has the girl had in the last few months of her long term stay in Saratov? 4. Is Saratov State University really a good place to start? Why? 5. Has Susannah completed her course at Saratov State University yet? 6. What plans has she made for the near future? 7. Why would she like to deal with the Russian language in her future career? 8. What educational programme did Irina enrol in? 9. How long did she stay in Shaker High School? 10. What discovery did she make when in America? 11. Did she make many friends there? How did it happen that the people around her upset her stereotypes? 12. What made her compare America and Russia? What sort of experience has she had? 13. Has Irina completed her course in Shaker High School yet? 14. Why do you think Irina can make a good teacher?

n) Give a presentation on the exchangees’ experiences. Justify the following point:

Both Susannah and Irina have got their priorities right.

o) Figure it out.

Which of the two girls has made these statements? Explain their meaning. Say if they fit in with your credo.

A person builds a world around him himself.

Russia is truly its own place. Russians are people with their own identity.

Life does not depend on the geographical position and economic situation of my country.

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