Great britain

Great Britain is situated on the British Islands which lie to the north-west of Europe. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom has an area of 94, 249 square miles. The popula­tion of the United Kingdom is 56, 6 million people. The capital of the country is London. English is the official language.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. In law, the Queen of Great Britain is the head of the executive system, the hear of system of justice and of the Armed forces.

In practice, the Queen acts only on the Advice of her Min­isters. She reins but she does not rule.

Great Britain has the oldest Parliament in the world.

Parliament consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

Parliament sits in the Palace of Westminster. It opens every year in Autumn.

The prime Minister is the head of the government.

Every five years the British people elect the members of the House of Commons. The House of Commons consists of 630 members, who may belong to various parties.

At present there are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party. The party which obtains the majority of seats in the House of Commons forms the Government and the other parties form the Opposition. Great Britain has a non-elected, hereditary, second Chamber - the House of Lords. It has 850 members.

The main functions of Parliament are to legislate, and to control the Actions of the Government.

Any member of the Parliament may introduce a bill to the Parliament.

Every bill has three readings at first in the House of Com­mons.

After the third reading the bill goes before, the House of Lords. If the Lords agree to the bill, it will be placed before the Queen for signature.

The Queen is the only non-party member and the only one with access to all government papers.

Вариант 2

1. Напишите следующие существительные в единст­венном числе:

   1. forms, duties, sportsmen, feet.

2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Под­черкните существительные в притяжательном падеже:

   1. Her sister's friends prefer cola to beer.

   2. Jane often uses her brother's things.

   3. Mr. and Ms. Brown's children do not often come to see them.

3. Поставьте в скобках личные местоимения. Перепи­шите и переведите предложения:

   1. Does (она) like to read?

   2. (Мы) go to the office by tram.

   3. (Они) do not usually ask a lot of questions.

4. Поставьте в скобках притяжательные местоимения. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

   1. Alice sometimes gives us (ее) journals to look through.

   2. As a rule, they spend (свое) free time in the country.

   3. Please, tell us about (вашем) trip to India.

   4. Jack takes (свою) dog out three times a day.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения:

   1. Do you have any brothers or sisters?

   2. Pass me, please, some cake.

   3. We do not have any problems with our study.

   4. Nobody knows him.

6. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, помните, как переводится группа существительных на рус­ский язык:

   1. Some times a year our newspaper conducts an opinion poll.

   2. Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes be­tween individuals and disputes between individuals and govern­ment departments.

   3. There are 50 different registration laws in the USA-one law for each state.

7. Перепишите предложения. Укажите, какую функ­цию выполняет -s:

   1. глагол в 3-м лице ед. ч. настоящего времени;

   2. существительное во множественном числе;

   3. существительное в притяжательном падеже.

Переведите предложения:

1. Paul helps his groupmates with English.

2. Betty's father sometimes plays chess with my grandfather.

3. My best friend and I like to have a cup of coffee and some ice-cream in a cafe.

7. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержа­щие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык:

   1. The cottage where my cousins live now is more beautiful and comfortable than their old house.

   2. The article is as difficult as the preface to it.

   3. The more you practice in English, the better you know it.

   4. Mr. Johnson is not so experienced in driving as his wife is.

8. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию there is /are:

   1. There is a two-party system in the USA

   2. There are about 50,000 solicitors in England and Wales and they make up the largest branch of the legal profession.

   3. Is there any separate training for judges in England?

9. Подчеркните глагол to be в соответствующей форме. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

   1. England is unique as it has two different kinds of law­yers, with separate jobs in the legal system.

   2. The functions of Parliament are to make laws, to provide money for the government, to debate political questions and to examine government policy.

   3. The main role of the Privy Council is to advise the mon­arch on a range of questions, like the resolution of constitutional issues and the approval of Orders in Council.

   4. The Queen and her family are a symbol of the country.

   5. Independence Day is one of the most important patriotic holidays in the United States of America.

10. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в настоящем времени, переведите предложения:

    1. The Constitution limits the federal government to specific powers.

    2. Barristers do not have public offices in any street.

    3. Individuals fall under the jurisdiction of two different court systems, their state courts and federal courts.

    4. To appeal means to take a case to a higher court.

    5. The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual.

    6. Many members of the Royal Family undertake official duties in Britain and abroad.

11. Образуйте прошедшее время:

    1. от стандартных глаголов

       1. to represent; to conduct; to remove; to limit;

    2. от нестандартных глаголов

       1. to undertake; to have; to find; to keep.

12. Перепишите предложения, переведите их. Подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в прошедшем времени:

    1. In 1776, the thirteen weak British colonies in America came together.

    2. The former colonies, now «the United of America», first operated under the agreement called the Articles of Confederation.

    3. The Constitution provided for three main branches of government which were separate and distinct from one another.

13. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчерк­ните глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени:

    1. In about 70 per cent of legislative decisions, Congress­men will vote with the specific wishes of their constituencies in mird in spite of their own point of view.

    2. Next year Parliament will pass about a hundred laws di­rectly, that is it will make Acts of Parliament.

    3. Soon the number of lawyers in the United States will ex­ceed 675,000.

14. Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите сказуемое, определите время глаголов и укажите их инфини­тив. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

    1. Gary Smith yesterday celebrated his 18th birthday.

    2. A lady from a travel agency helped us choose a nice house.

    3. They prefer swimming in a swimming pool all day.

    4. James sat in his armchair and thought about the day.

    5. The rent includes gas and electricity.

    6. Perhaps, I'll get my cheque today.

    7. On Wednesday we did not discuss the article because we had too little time for it

    8. A few years ago the main industries in England were ship building and coalmining.

    9. There is not a cathedral in this street.

    10. These clothes come from Marks & Spencer.

15. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчерк­ните союзы и союзные слова:

    1. This is the house which we bought about five years ago.

    2. We all know that the Earth is a planet.

    3. If we have some money, we will go shopping.

    4. Peter will do well as he works much.

16. Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы и приставки (подчеркните их):

    1. to create - creation - creative;

    2. to construct - constructive - constructor - constructional;

    3. to build - building - builder,

    4. to consult - consultant - consultation - consultative;

    5. to work - worker;

    6. to find - finder;

    7. to agree - disagree;

    8. seam - seamy - seamless;

    9. to develop - development.

17. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст «Со­единенные Штаты Америки». Выучите слова:

    1. state - штат;

    2. executive - исполнительный;

    3. government - правительство, управление;

    4. to legislate - издавать законы;

    5. law - закон;

    6. legislative - законодательный;

    7. to execute - исполнять;

    8. judicial - судебный;

    9. branch - отрасль, ветвь.