contactusa

1.

I can't have the kind of life I deserve.

a. should have

b. can have

с

had

2.

It angers him that he can't have an easy life.

a. confuses

b. upsets

c.

worries

3.

We should not complain about taxes. They are necessary.

a. feel unhappy

b. say bad things

с

care

4.

The defense budget goes up yearly.

a. decreases

b. increases

с

changes

5. These are some of our local politicians.

j~

a. far away

b. misplaced

с

from the area

6.

A large percentage of the national budget is for defense.

a. politicians

b. the military

с

the presidency

7. People in the middle class are the real losers.

a. people who don't gain

b. people who don't lose

с

people who complain

8.

There are many conveniences in American homes.

a. interesting things

b. affordable objects

с

helpful things

defense

health care

welfare

day-care centers

unemployment compensation

roads and highways

social security

public transportation

education

________energy

research

old-age homes

pollution control

(adverb )

(adjective)

She speaks very slowly. She is a very slow speaker.

ADVERB

ADJECTIVE

3. She

arrives

late

consistently.

____________

9.

The

style of her letter was very formal.

______________

10.

Naturally, she doesn't want to give up

her

job.

_____________

Contact a Point of View

195

Look Back

197

DIRECTIONS:

What shorter words can you see in

these words from Chapter 12?

official

(1)

basic

(6)

resultant

(2)

Protestant

(7)

representation

(3)

existence

(8)

breakthrough

(4)

de-emphasize

(9)

intermarriage

(5)

community

(10)

1

. Every country should have a national religion.

The first immigrants who came to New England in the 1600s

1

left their own countries for religious reasons. They had religious

2

beliefs different from the accepted beliefs of their country; they

3

wanted to live in a place where they could be free to have their own

4

beliefs. When they came to establish new communities in the New

5

World, they decided that there would be no official religion. When

6

1

this new country gained its independence from Britain in 1776, the

7

separation of church and state was one of the basic laws for the

8

United States. ! This absence of an official national religion and the 9

resultant freedom to believe in whatever one wants has attracted

10

many new immigrants. In the United States, there are examples of

11

every kind of world religion—Buddhist, Islamic, Baha'i, to name

12

only a few. Many religions also began in the United States such as the

13

Pentecostals, Mormons and Christian Science religions. But most of the 14

people in the United States fall into one of two categories—Christian

15

or Jewish.

16

The majority of people in the United States were raised as

17

2

Christians. Quite simply, Christian means believing in Christ, or Je-

18

sus. Christians celebrate Christmas, the birth of Christ, and Easter,

19

the time at which Christians remember Jesus's death and celebrate

20

His rebirth. They think of Sunday as a holy day and worship in

21

churches. In the United States, Christianity can be divided into two

22

major groups: Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. A third

23

group, Orthodoxy, is not as common in the United States.

24

3

As its name suggests, the Roman Catholic church is based in

25

Rome. It is centered around the authority of one man, the Pope,

26

who is the head of the Roman Catholic church throughout the world.

27

There is a hierarchy of authority and responsibility beginning with

28

the Pope in Rome and ending with the priests who are the heads of

29

the churches in individual neighborhoods and communities.

30

As its name suggests, the Protestant church began as a pro-

31

test against another church: the Roman Catholic church. Protes-

32

tant is a very general term; it includes many different church

33

groups, such as Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Methodist,

34

Baptist, and many more. The majority of people in the United States

35

have Protestant backgrounds. However, since there are so many

36

Protestant churches, each with its own traditions, people who are

37

Protestants do not really share similar religious experiences. As op-

- 38

posed to the Roman Catholic church in which there is a lot of central

39

control, Protestant churches are generally more autonomous, with

40

more control and authority on a local level.

41

Jews and Christians share many of the same basic principles

42

and beliefs. They both believe in the existence of one God. But

43

whereas Christians believe in Christ, a representation of God on

44

earth, Jews do not believe that God has come to earth in any form.

45

Jewish people celebrate a weekly holy day from Friday evening to

46

Saturday evening and worship in synagogues. The head of a syn-

47

agogue is called a rabbi. Many Jewish people came to the United

48

States in the first half of the twentieth century because of religious

49

intolerance in their own countries.

50

Although freedom of religion is an important concept in the

51

United States, religious intolerance sometimes occurs. Because the

52

majority of early Americans were Protestant, there has sometimes

53

been discrimination against new immigrants, such as the Irish and

54

Italians, who were Roman Catholic. Protestants were reluctant to

55

share their traditional power with members of other churches or

56

religions. The year 1960 marked a breakthrough in the religious toi-

57

erance of the country when John F. Kennedy, a Roman Catholic,

58

became the first non-Protestant President of the United States.

59

The second half of the twentieth century has seen a decline in

60

the strength of traditional religion in the United States. It is prob-

61

ably to be expected that in a society that accepts so many different

62

religions, religion would be de-emphasized. Intermarriage is now

63

common and fewer people think about traditional religious beliefs.

64

A First Look

203