American money

The American dollar is subdivided into one hundred cents. The dollars are issued by the Federal Reserve System, established by Congress in 1913.

Here is the text on the face of an American dollar banknote:

• …dollars

• Federal Reserve Note

• The United States of America

• This note is legal tender for all debts public and private

• Washington, D.C.

• Treasurer of the United States

• Secretary of the Treasury

On the face of American dollars one can also see the portraits of the following famous persons:

• George Washington (1732-1799), the first President of the United States of America, who gave his name to the capital of the country. George Washington became the first President after the successful war of 13 British colonies for independence. After they won the war they formed 13 states and united to make the United States of America. Thus Independence was proclaimed on July 4, 1776.

• Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) who was President from 1861 to 1865 after the war between the northern and southern states. It was he who proclaimed freedom of slaves of the south.

• Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804), a famous American statesman, who fought in the Independence War together with general George Washington. Later he became the first Secretary of the Treasury.

• Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) who was President of the USA from 1829 to 1837, when Texas won independence from Mexico.

• Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) who was President of the USA from 1869 to 1877 when the Centennial Exposition was held in Philadelphia.

• Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) a very popular public figure, writer, diplomat and scientist. It was he who invented bifocal spectacles among many other things.

On the back of banknotes various famous buildings are featured, such as:

• Lincoln Monument, one of the monuments in Washington

• US Treasury Building, in Washington

• White House, house of every President, except George Washington, who only planned the capital of the USA

• US Capitol, which houses the Senate and the House of Representatives

• Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, where Independence of the 13 British colonies was proclaimed.

All the banknotes bear the words: In God We Trust.

2. Для перевірки правильності розуміння прочитаного тексту виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 3. Складіть історію із наступних фрагментів, але ви, як оповідач, віддаєте перевагу офіційним і лаконічним висловам:

issued, building, fought, successful, win, idependence

1. Arthur was a very well-known and respected businessman in New York City.

2. Political freedom of the USA from control by the British government was proclaimed on July 4, 1776.

3. Great Britain took part in a war for control of Falkland islands.

4. On the back of American dollar banknotes various famous constructions are featured.

5. Who do you think will be the most successful in the next Presidential campaign in America?

6. The dollar bills are officially produced by the Federal Reserve system.

Ситуація 4. На доповідь професора Кевіна була пролита кава. Деякі фрагменти англійського тексту розмито (українські слова). Допоможіть відновити цей постраждалий текст.

The American dollar is subdivided into one (сто центів). The dollars (випускаються) by the Federal Reserve system, (заснованою) by Congress in 1913. George Washington (став) the first President after the successful war of 13 British (колонії) for independence. After they (виграли війну) they formed 13 states and united (створити США). Thus (незалежність) was proclaimed on July 4, 1776. Abraham Lincoln was a person who (проголосив свободу) of slaves of the southern. We can also see the (портрети) of Alexander Hamilton, Ulysses Grant, Andrew Jackson and Benjamin Franklin (на лицевій стороні) of American dollars. (на звороті) of the banknotes various famous buildings (зображені). All the (банкноти) bear the words: In God We Trust.

1. Для ознайомлення з поняттям про систему часів англійських дієслів вивчіть Units 5,6,15-17 підручника R. Murphy “English Grammar in Use” Основна література: [3].

2. Щоб навчитись вживати The Past Indefinite Tense, The Past Continuous Tense,The Past Perfect Tense, виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 5. Так трапилось, що група людей перебувала в офісі, коли пролунала пожежна сирена. Запротоколюйте, що кожен робив у той час (дивись слова у дужках).

Example: (Don/have/a bath) Don was typing.

1. (Karen write/a letter to their partners) Karen……………………

2. (James get ready to go out) James………………………………..

3. (Julie and Rob/have/dinner) Julie and Rob……………………….

4. (David/make/a phone call) David…………………………………

Ситуація 6. Джон повернувся із закордонного бізнесу після декількох років і дізнався, що багато речей змінилося. Напишіть разом із ним листа про все нове (дивись слова у дужках).

Example: Most of my friends were no longer in their business. They had left (leave) it.

1. My best friend, Alec, was no longer there. He…………….. (go) away.

2. The local houses were no longer in use. They ……………….. (close) down.

3. Mr. Jackson was no longer alive. He ………………………….….(die).

4. I didn’t recognize Mrs. Jackson. She ……………………(change) a lot.

5. Ted no longer had his car. He…………………………………...(sell) it.

Ситуація 7. Доповніть історію про Британських бізнесменів (дивись слова у дужках).

Example: Mr. and Mrs. Davis were to travel by air. They were very nervous as the plane took off because they (fly) had never flown before.

1. The man sitting next to Mrs. Davis was a complete stranger to her. (see) She………………..before.

2. Mr. Davis could not forget that Molly his receptionist, was late for work. Everyone was very surprised. (be/late) She………………………………………………………………………

3. Mr. and Mrs. Davis daughter Lucie played tennis yesterday – at least she tried to play tennis. She wasn’t very good at it because she (play)………………………………..

4. Mr. and Mrs. Davis son Brian had the first driving lesson. He was very nervous and didn’t know what to do. (drive) He……………………………………………………. But he knew that Mr. Davis would present him with a car, so he tried his best.

Ситуація 8. Поліцейський розпитує Місіс Хатчинсон про автомобільну аварію, свідком якої вона стала вчора. Що ж дійсно сталось вчора під час аварії:

P: What …….(you/do) when you ……..(see) the accident, madam?

H: I ………(walk) down the street.

P: What exactly ……… (you/see)?

H: Well, the driver of the car ………. (drive) down the road when suddenly the old man just ……… (step) in front of him! It ……(be) terrible!

P: …………. (the driver/speed)?

H: No, not, really, but the old man ……….(not/look) both ways before he ………. (try) to cross the road.

P: ……………..(anyone else/ see) the accident?

H: Yes, the lady in the post office.

P: Thank you very much.