Степени сравнения прилагательных

Положительная	Сравнительная	Превосходная
He is fat.	He is fattER than his brother.	He is the fattEST of all.
Двусложные прилагательные:
clever, narrow, happy, simple	cleverer, narrower, happier, simpler	the cleverest, the narrowest the happiest, the simplest
Многосложные прилагательные
She is beautiful.	She is MORE beautiful than her sister.	She is the MOST beautiful in the class.
Исключение:
good bad much/many little far	better worse more less farther/further	the best the worst the most the least the farthest/ the furthest
1. AS ... (positive degree) ...AS 2. NOT SO/AS ...(positive degree) ...AS 3. NOT SUCH A(AN)/ SO ...AS Tom isn’t such a good player as Dick. 4. THE+ comparative..., THE+ comparative The more we are together, the happier we are. 5. PREFER V-ING/NOUN + TO + V-ING/NOUN I prefer drinking tea to drinking coffee. I prefer books to TV. 6. LESS (positive degree) ...THAN 7. THE LEAST.. (positive degree) ...OF/IN The red car is less expensive than the blue one. 8. WOULD PREFER + TO INF+ RATHER THAN + INF. without to I would prefer to go out rather than stay at home.

 Useful tips

• You can use these Comparatives and Superlatives when you are talking about changes in aviation, when you compare your aircraft and flights in the past and nowadays.

 Exercise 2.

Compare the aircraft you flew when you started your career with the aircraft you fly now.

 Exercise 3.

Listen to the tape about Concorde and find comparisons in the recorded text.

4. Make sure you know how to use Conditional sentences.

Условные предложения
Реальное	Нереальное
If...Present tense...will+ V-1	If ...Past Simple ...would + V-1	If...Past Perfect...would + have + V-3
If the weather is fine we’ll take off on time.	If the weather were fine today, we would take off. (There are strong wind and heavy rain)	If the weather had been fine yesterday, we would have taken off. (There were strong wind and heavy rain)
Если….то	Если бы…..то	Если бы….то

WISH- для выражения сожаления, неосуществленного желания . На русский язык переводится как «жаль, что...», «мне бы хотелось»

Для выражения действий, относящихся к:
настоящему времени	будущему времени	прошедшему времени
I wish...Past Simple	I wish...would (could) + V-1	I wish...Past Perfect
I wish it were sunny now. (= It’s a pity it isn’t sunny now) Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы сейчас была солнечная погода. (Жаль, что сейчас не солнечная погода)	I wish they could come to see me tomorrow. I shan’t be here again till the weekend. Как жаль, что они не смогут прийти ко мне завтра. Потом меня не будет до конца недели.	I wish I had phoned yesterday. (= It’s a pity I didn’t phone him yesterday). Как жаль, что я не позвонил ему вчера.

 Useful tips

• You can use these grammar structures when you are talking about the reasons for the accidents and incidents and the things you are sorry about.

For example:

• If the controller hadn’t forgotten he had given clearance the incident wouldn’t have occurred.

• If the pilot’s English pronunciation had been better, air traffic controller would not have failed to understand distress calls.

• If pilots and controllers spoke English perfectly, miscommunication would not occur.

• As for me I wish I had learnt English better at school …..

• I wish I were an Englishman and …

 Exercise 4.

• Listen to the tape about the Kegworth crash.

• Write down your own conditional sentences to the text.

Exercise 5

Put the verbs in the correct tense form; pay attention to conditional sentences

1. If there ……………(be) a vacant seat, we will accept you for the flight

2. The flight will take off on schedule provided that the weather…….. (improve).

3. If I were a captain I ………… (file) an air miss report.

4. If the controller hadn’t forgotten he had given clearance the incident ……….(occur).

5. If the Ryanair captain ……… (see) the MyTravel jet the collision would have happened.

6. If the MyTravel jet external lights had been on, the Ryanair captain ………(see) the aircraft.

7. If another plane ……..(strike) the obstacle, a tyre could burst and cause an accident.

8. If another plane ……….(not/strike) the obstacle, a tyre would not have burst and caused the accident.

9. Fan blades ……… (can/snap) if a large bird flew into them.

10. What ………. (can/hap­pen) as a result of the wrong altime­ter setting if the ILS had not been avail­able?

11. If pilots and controllers ………(speak) English perfectly, miscommunication would not occur.

Keys:

1. is

2. improves

3. would file

4. wouldn’t have occurred

5. hadn’t seen

6. would have seen

7. struck

8. had not struck

9. could snap

10. could have hap­pened

11. spoke

5. Make sure you know how to use Reported speech. Pay particular attention to the “Transformation rules”.