2.Буровой раствор готовят в виброситах и закачивают в скважину при помощи бурового насоса.

3.Ротор вращает квадрат, квадрат вращает бурильную колонну, которая в свою очередь вращает бурильное долото.

4.Буровой раствор, выходящий из ствола скважины, проходит через вибросито, где шлам отделяется от раствора.

5.Вертлюг позволяет колонне бурильных труб вращаться и представляет собой шарнирное соединение (swing joint).

6.Талевая система (tackle system) включает кронблок, талевый блок и буровой крюк.

7.При роторном бурении мощность от двигателей передается через лебедку к ротору.

8.Ротор вращает колонну бурильных труб и привинченное к ней долото, которое дробит породу.

8.Think of possible failures which can occur due to damages, breaks and other defects of the following rig components and fill in the fault-finding chart.

9. Read the text “Drilling Rig” and fill in the missing words from the box. There is one extra word.

small enough to be moved manually by one person. They sample sub-surface

instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be 7. ________ mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs'). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to 8. __________ the surface of the earth's crust.

Drilling rigs can be:

• Small and portable, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling and environmental investigations.

• Huge, capable of drilling through thousands of meters of the Earth's crust. Large "mud pumps" circulate drilling 9. ________ through the drill bit and the casing, for cooling and removing the 10. "________ " while a well is drilled. Hoists in the rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipe. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or mineral sample; and permanent living accommodation and catering for 11. __________ which may be more than a hundred. Marine rigs may operate many hundreds of miles or kilometres offshore with infrequent crew rotation. Oil and Natural Gas drilling rigs can be used not only to identify geologic reservoirs but also to create holes that allow the extraction of oil or natural gas from those reservoirs. An oil or gas pumping rig, sometimes called a derrick, is used to retrieve oil / gas from a reservoir.

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10. Read the following information about foreign drilling rig classification. Fill in the second part of the table about domestic drilling rig classification.

Drilling Rig Classification

There are many types and designs of drilling rigs, with many drilling rigs capable of switching or combining different drilling technologies as needed. Drilling rigs can be described using any of the following attributes:

•electric – the rig is connected to a power grid usually produced by its own generators and uses electric motors to drive individual components such as drawworks, mud pumps and rotary tables.

•mechanical – the rig uses torque converters, clutches, and transmissions powered by its own engines, often diesel

•hydraulic – the rig primarily uses hydraulic power

•pneumatic – the rig is primarily powered by pressurized air

•cable – a cable is used to raise and drop the drill bit or drill string

•conventional – uses metal drill pipe of varying types

•coil tubing – uses a giant coil of tube and a downhole drilling motor

•single – can drill only single drill pipes, has no vertical pipe racks (most small drilling rigs)

•double – can store double pipe stands in pipe racks

•triple – can store stands composed of three pipes in the pipe rack (most large drilling rigs)

•quad – can store stands composed of four

•conventional – derrick is vertical

•slant – derrick is at an angle (this is used to achieve deviation without an expensive downhole motor)

11.Discuss the following points.

1.The most high-usage rigs.

2.Foreign drilling rig classification advantages.

3.Domestic drilling rig classification advantages.

4.Disadvantages of both classifications.

5.Modern tendencies in drilling rig development.

Rigging Up

Once the contractor gets the rig to the site, the next step is for the drilling crew to put the rig together, or rig up.

12. Put the following rig components and stages in the right rigging up order.

Rig floor

Mast

Substructures

Derrick

Raising the mast or derrick

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Rig Systems

A rotary rig's main job is to make hole. To make hole, the drilling crew places a bit on bottom, then the driller rotates it and pumps drilling mud to it. A rig needs a multitude of equipment to make these operations happen. A first look at all the gear on a drilling rig can overwhelm you. It is, however, easy to understand a rig's components if you divide them into systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating.

1. Read the text “Power system” and fill in the missing words from the box. There is one extra word.

Power system

Without 1. power nothing on a rig operates. Machinery must have an energy source to make it go. On virtually every drilling rig, the power comes from internal-combustion engines, which are called prime movers. Further, they often use diesel 2. . Because of the way diesel engines operate, they

deliver more turning force, or torque, than gasoline engines. As a result,

The bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it needs. Thus, big rigs have three or four prime movers. Together, they develop 4,500 horsepower (about 3,300 kilowatts) or more. In comparison, a powerful car engine may put out only 300 horsepower (220 kilowatts) or so; most develop even less.

This power must 5. to the rig's components to make them

work. For example, at the same time as the rotary table needs power to turn

also be able to combine the power of two or more engines. Two common methods transfer power on today's rigs and allow the driller to combine engine power: mechanical transmission and electrical transmission.

be transferred; mix; drilling; fuel; circulate; driller; rig; power

(Baker R. “A Primer of Oil Well Drilling”, 2001, Austin, Texas)

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2. Define whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

T / F 1. Diesel engines are used in drilling industry mainly because of its operation regime.

T / F 2. In fact, power is generated by internal-combustion engines almost on all drilling rigs.

T / F 3. The rig height is in proportion to well depth.

T / F 4. There are two main ways of power transmission.

T / F 5. As a rule, big rigs have three prime movers.

3. Lab. Assignment:”Power Systems and Instrumentations”.

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