Vocabulary notes
chassis шасси, ходовая часть
engine двигатель
piston-type internal combustion engine двигатель внутреннего сгорания
reciprocating engine поршневой двигатель
wheel колесо
front (back-rear) wheel переднее (заднее) колесо
wheel broke колёсный тормоз
wheel assembly колёсное шасси
wheel drive привод колёс
wheel load давление на колесо
to suspend вешать, подвешивать
suspension members подвесные части
propulsion движущая сила; движение вперёд (назад)
priming заправка (двигателя)
succession последовательность
electro-deposition гальваническое покрытие
electrostatic charge электростатический заряд
axle ось, вал
steering mechanism рулевое управление
stroke ход (поршня, клапана)
camshaft распределительный вал
lubrication смазка
friction трение
cushion (техн.) подушка
fan вентилятор
train зубчатая передача; система рычагов
crankshaft коленчатый вал
torque редуктор
gear ratio передаточное число
middle (to, bottom, first…) gear средняя (высшая, самая малая, первая) скорость
reverse gear задний ход
to put into (out of) gear включать (выключать) передачу
to be tailored приспосабливаться
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the following text.
II. Find Russian equivalents to the English ones:
|
engine |
заднее колесо |
|
chassis |
редуктор |
|
front wheel |
вентилятор |
|
rear wheel |
система рычагов |
|
axle |
шасси |
|
camshaft |
трение |
|
friction |
переднее колесо |
|
train |
двигатель |
|
torque |
ось, вал |
|
fan |
распределительный вал |
III. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the main parts of the vehicle?
2. What does the vehicle design depend on?
3. Why is steel used for automobile bodies?
4. What other materials are used for automobile?
5. Why is chassis the main structure of the vehicle?
6. What types of engines can you name?
7. Why do you think the gasoline engine was selected for automobile?
8. What kind of fuel is used for automobile operation? Why?
9. Why do all moving parts require lubrication?
10. What are the main types of cooling systems?
11. What is the simplest automobile transmission?
IV. Make up a brief summary of the text.
A car cooling system
M
ost
car engines are cooled by water. The water flows around theengine
and then passes through the radiator.
It then passes through the water pump and around the engine again.
Here are the stages:
1. Water flows around the engine. The engine is cooled and the water is heated.
2. The hot water enters the radiator through the top hose.
3. It flows down through the radiator. Here it is cooled by air.
4. The cool water leaves the radiator through the bottom hose.
5. The water is pumped around the engine again.
Look at FIG. 3. Air is pulled through the radiator by a fan. This fan is turned by a belt, which is driven by the engine.
EXERCISES
I. What are the objects in the diagrams called?
Example: (a) is called a radiator.
II. Answer these questions:
1. Look at Fig. 2. Is the water hot or cold at point (1)? At point (2)?
2. What cools the engine?
3. What makes the water hot?
4. What makes the water cool?
5. What pumps the water round the engine?
6. What pulls air through the radiator?
7. What does the belt turn?
8. What drives the belt?