Раздел 2.Социально-культурная сфера общения

Тема 1. Language as a means of cross-cultural communication Text 1. English as a world language

English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue outside England, in all the continents of the world.

The movement of English around the world began with the pioneering voyages to the Americas, Asia and the southern hemisphere, continued with the 19^th – century colonial developments of Africa and the South Pacific. It was adopted in the 20^th century as an official and semi-official language by many newly - independent states. English is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries and is represented in every continent and in the three major oceans – Atlantic (e.g. St. Helena), Indian (e.g. Seychelles), and Pacific (e.g. Hawaii). It is this spread of representation which makes the application of the term “world language” a reality.

The present-day world status of English is primarily the result of two factors: the expansion of the British colonial power and the emergence of the United States as the leading economic power of the 20^th century.

Text 2. Why the english language is so popular?

The major reason as to why the English language is so popular is down to its simplicity and flexibility. For example, compare the number of letters in the alphabet, or number of building block characters a language has. English has 26. Mandarin has 45.000. Similarly, but not as extreme, French. German and Hindi also have more characters than English. Further. English is pretty simple to use, with clear grammatical rules governing nouns, verbs, adjectives etc. Because of these simple under­pinning rules, it is also an easy language to teach. In fact, there are English language schools all over the world which could teach you all manner of English accents.

The main feature of the English language that has made it so popular globally, is the language's adaptability. The English language has taken on words from many other languages and cultures, giving it its great diversity. There are many German. Greek. Latin and French words that have been assimilated by the English language - from avatar, bazaar, bungalow to bandanna and cummerbund.

No matter where you are in the world, English is a global language and once you should really consider mastering. By learning English, you can get a better job, have a better career but more importantly, keep up-to-date with world events and developments. Remember too, that 85% of all written material in the world is written in English - as a good a reason as any to learn it.

Text 3. Basic characteristics

SIMPLICITY OF FORM. Old English, like modern German, French, Russian and Greek, had many inflections to show singular and plural, tense, person, etc., but over the centuries words have been simplified. Verbs now have very few inflections, and adjectives do not change according to the noun. FLEXIBILITY. As a result of the loss of inflections, English has become, over the past five centuries, a very flexible language. Without inflections, the same word can operate as in any different parts of speech. Many nouns and verbs have the same form, for example swim, drink, walk, kiss, look, and smile. We can talk about water to drink and to water the flowers; time to go and to time a race; a paper to read and to paper a bedroom. Adjectives can be used as verbs. We warm our hands in front of a fire; if clothes are dirtied, they need to be cleaned and dried. Prep­ositions too are flexible. A sixty-year old man is nearing retirement; we can talk about a round of golf, cards, or drinks. OPENNESS OF VOCABULARY. This involves the free admissions of words from other languages and the easy creation of compounds and derivatives. Most world languages have contributed some words in English at some time, and the process is being reversed. Purists of the French, Russian, and Japanese languages are misting the arrival of English in their vocabulary.

THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH. So graphically, English is the most widespread language on Earth, second only to Mandarin Chinese in the number of people who speak it. It is the language of business, technology, sport, and aviation. This will no doubt continue, although the proposition that all other languages will die out is absurd.