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1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:

    1. Participle I

    2. Participle Constructions

2. Answer the questions.

  1. How would you define the term “ecosystem”?

  2. What types of ecosystems can be distinguished?

  3. What idea is central to the ecosystem concept?

  4. Who was the first to coin the term ecosystem and when?

  5. What happens when new elements penetrate into an ecosystem?

  6. What determines the difference between collapse and a gentle rebound?

  7. What are ecosystems primarily governed by?

  8. What regulates population levels?

  9. What is ecosystem ecology?

  10. What is a central concept in the ecology of organisms?

  11. What is the ecological niche?

  12. How would you define a habitat?

3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.

4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:

means, properties, comprising, influenced, exist, interact, adverse, interrelating

  1. An ecosystem is a group of living things in the one environment, all interactingtogether and depending on each other.

  2. If a forest disappears then all the plants, mammals, birds, insects, reptiles and perhaps even fish are affectedin some way.

  3. The term ecosystem refers tothe combined physical and biological components of an environment.

  4. An ecosystem is generally an area within the natural environment in which physical factors of the environment function togetheralong with living organisms.

  5. Ecosystem is a functional unit consisting ofliving things in a given area, non-living factors of their environment, linked together through nutrient cycle and energy flow.

  6. Introduction of new elements into an ecosystem tend to have a disruptiveeffect.

  7. Organisms have functional traits that are uniquely adapted to the ecological niche.

  8. The habitat describes the environment over which a species is known to occurand the type of community that is formed as a result.

5. Finish the sentences using the text.

  1. An ecosystem is a group of …

  2. The term ecosystem refers to …

  3. An ecosystem is generally an area …

  4. Ecosystems can be …

  5. Ecosystem is a functional unit consisting of …

  6. Central to the ecosystem concept is …

  7. The term ecosystem was coined …

  8. Introduction of new elements into an ecosystem …

  9. Often, however, ecosystems have the ability …

  10. Ecosystems are primarily governed …

  11. As the number of species in an ecosystem is higher, …

  12. Feedback mechanisms at the species level …

  13. The ecological niche is a central …

  14. "The niche is the set of biotic and abiotic conditions in which …

  15. The habitat describes the environment over which …

6. Complete the definitions.

1) … is the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework.

2) … is generally an area within the natural environment in which abiotic factors of the environment function together along with living organisms within the same habitat to create a stable system.

3) … is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant or other type of organism.

4) … is the set of biotic and abiotic conditions in which a species is able to persist and maintain stable population sizes.

5) … is all the organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the same geographical area.

6) … is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or on the entire Earth.

(community, habitat, ecosystem, ecosystem ecology, niche, population)

7. Translate.

  1. Экосистема – это группа живых организмов в одной окружающей среде, взаимодействующих друг с другом и зависящих друг от друга.

  2. Экосистема – это территория внутри естественной окружающей среды, в которой живые организмы взаимодействуют с физическими факторами в рамках своей среды обитания, создавая стабильную систему.

  3. Экосистемы могут быть постоянными и временными.

  4. Экосистемы обычно формируют целый ряд пищевых цепочек.

  5. Экосистема – это функциональная единица.

  6. Введение в экосистему новых элементов, будь то биотических или абиотических, обычно имеет разрушительные последствия.

  7. Часто, однако, экосистемы способны восстанавливаться от разрушительного агента.

  8. Это зависит от токсичности введённого элемента и от способности самой экосистемы восстанавливаться.

  9. Экологическая ниша – центральное понятие в экологии организмов.

  10. Термин «среда обитания» означает окружающую среду, в которой существует вид.

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