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8 + ,

= 8 8 = -

.

Z A " "

, " 8 -

, 8 A =, "8

. , 8 . Z A 8 " , "- 8 .

 

 

 

8

 

 

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

] "

=10,5

=10,456

+=10,0

 

+ =9,543

 

+ =9,5

 

=10,18

 

+=10,0

 

 

+ =9,82

7 18.1 – . "

"

7- : " " " -

.

I " . 18.1 " =, A "-

, , S " -

". • = ,

8 ( "8 = " , "

" 17) S " . X 8 -

. -S , 8 S S "

51

, A , A

.

8- : " " 8 A-

. V " ":

) 8 C , " -

, A . 9 S 8 C , - S 8 ".

; ! ! C =0,20 ;

8) " " " 8, 8 mi 82 mi "

, 8 18.4. =

" " , = 8 S . S

= 9,75, A = , A " -

= 10 ";

, 8 18.4 – 7 " " 8, 8 mi 82 mi

 

 

E =

 

 

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

]

"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"

 

 

 

 

8

=

 

yci

 

 

 

 

 

 

,

y ,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

mi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,50

– 9,70

9,6

 

15

 

 

 

 

- 0,75

 

 

- 11,25

 

8,44

 

9,71

– 9,90

9,8

 

17

 

 

 

 

0,25

 

 

4,25

 

1,062

 

9,91 – 10,10

10,0

 

9

 

 

 

 

1,25

 

 

11,25

 

14,062

 

10,11

– 10,30

10,2

 

12

 

 

 

 

2,25

 

 

27

 

60,75

 

10,31

– 10,50

10,4

 

7

 

 

 

 

3,25

 

 

22,75

 

73,937

 

 

:

 

60

 

 

 

 

+6,25

 

 

54

 

158,251

 

) " # # # ! "

6:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

= C

 

2 mi

 

 

mi

2

(18.5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

mi

 

 

 

mi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2! & $#:

= 0,2

158,251

54

2

 

60

 

 

= 0,27 ;

 

 

60

 

) " D ! ! #" ! $

• " 6:

 

6

 

 

 

 

=

,

(18.6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

– , ;

– , .

52

Z A • =1, A - = ", A 0 1, – 8, A • >1, – "-

. t 6 " 8 A

. 17.5 ( " 17).

2! & $#:

=

6 0,27

=1,62 .

 

1

 

X " =, A " " 8 . 7

A 8 ,

8 = .

8- : " #$ + -

.

2$ + ! #" " =, -

( ) -

+ 6 " X , 8 -

" .

2$ + ! #" " = " 6:

e =

6

=

 

1

.

(18.7)

2

2

 

 

 

 

Z " 6 18.7, " • " 8. V S " 17.

9- : " + + 6 -

.

K + 6

" =, ( )

+ 6 = 6 " -

X . e 6 =

6 " = " 6:

6

=

 

y

+

,

(18.8)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

X – 6 " 8, A -

, .

E 6 " 8, A -

( 6- 8), " = " 6:

N

i

X

=

1

,

(18.9)

N

 

 

 

 

53

" " 8, -, .;

N – " 8, - 8, S.

2! & $#:

 

=

9,65 + 9,55 + 9,65 +10,00 + ...9,75 + 9,80

=

596,65

= 9,9441 .

X

 

 

60

 

60

 

Z A 6 6 =

6 8 = ", " =, A 6

" X 8 " , 8 -

.

Z A 6 6 =

6 8 ", " =, A 6

" X 8 " , 8

.

Z A 6 6 =

6 8 , " =, A 6 "-

X 8 "8 " .

2! & $! #:

= 9,944 10 =6 1 0,056.

X , A 6 " X 8 6 ! +=10

0,056 = 0,056 1 = 0,056 .

10- : 8 " A

.7 " A , -

.

, :

) A • >1.

" ", " 8 . 7, -

, 8 = -

;

8) 0 1, 0 e 1/2 | 6|< , "

", " 8 . 7, , -

= 8 = ;

) 0 1, 0 e 1/2 | 6|> , "

", " 8 . 7, , -

8 = .

54

18.2 $ "". $ . % !* " ) " "".

+ = " -

. + , - =, +=20 . % = 3 . = " -

=21,5 , = " + =18,5 . 8 18.5 A 30 8, 8 " 8

", 6 , 8 8 "

".

, 8 18.5 – % "

-

+ 8,

&

, " 6 ,

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

+

 

 

 

 

 

 

"

8-

1

2

3

4

 

5

6

 

7

8

9

 

10

 

"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

29

1

20,15

21,40

21,30

20,75

 

20,50

20,75

 

21,40

21,25

21,25

 

21,00

2

5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

16

2

19,50

19,75

19,00

19,50

 

19,25

20,00

 

19,75

20,10

20,25

 

19,00

3

6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19

3

19,25

19,00

19,75

19,75

 

19,8

19,90

 

20,00

21,00

19,75

 

21,40

4

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20

4

19,40

19,75

19,00

20,00

 

19,75

19,75

 

20,00

21,00

20,25

 

19,00

5

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21

5

20,00

19,90

19,50

19,25

 

19,25

19,50

 

19,75

19,00

19,00

 

18,75

6

9 10, 11, 12, 13, 22

6

18,75

18,75

19,00

19,00

 

18,80

18,60

 

18,75

18,75

19,00

 

19,00

7

10, 11, 12, 13, 14,23

7

18,65

18,75

18,75

18.50

 

18,75

18,75

 

18,85

18,75

18,75

 

20,00

8

11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24

8

18,75

18,70

18,75

19,00

 

19,00

19,25

 

19,25

19,25

19,25

 

19,00

9

12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25

9

19,25

19,50

19,50

19,25

 

19,50

19,50

 

19,9

19,50

19,75

 

19,9

10

13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 27

10

19,75

20,00

20,00

9,75

 

19,75

20,00

 

20,00

19,75

19,75

 

20,50

11

14, 15, 16, 17, 18,21

11

20,00

20,25

20,25

20,25

 

20,50

20,50

 

20,50

20,25

20,25

 

20,50

12

15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 30

12

20,25

21,25

21,50

21,50

 

20,50

20,75

 

20,50

20,75

20,50

 

20,50

13

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24

13

20,50

20,50

21,25

21,50

 

21,25

21,50

 

20,75

20,50

20,75

 

20,50

14

17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 8

14

20,50

20,75

20,75

20,75

 

21,00

21,00

 

21,45

21,30

20,75

 

21,40

15

18, 19,20, 21, 22, 3

15

20,75

20,75

21,00

21,30

 

20,75

20,75

 

21,45

21,40

21,30

 

21,25

16

19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 1

16

21,00

21,00

21,25

21,25

 

21,25

21,50

 

21,25

21,25

21,45

 

21,45

17

20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 2

17

11,50

21,45

21,30

21,75

 

21,75

21,75

 

21,50

21,50

21,45

 

21,50

18

21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 7

18

21,50

21,25

21,25

21,25

 

21,00

21,00

 

21,00

21,25

21,30

 

21,40

19

22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 9

19

21,25

21,25

21,00

21,00

 

20,75

20,75

 

20,75

20,50

20,50

 

20,75

20

23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 10

20

21,50

21,00

21,00

20,75

 

20,75

20,50

 

20,50

20,75

20,50

 

20,25

21

24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 4

21

20,75

20,75

20,25

20,25

 

20,25

20,00

 

20,00

19,75

19,75

 

20,00

22

25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 5

22

20,25

20,25

20,00

20,00

 

19,75

19,75

 

20,00

19,50

19,50

 

19,50

23

26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 6

23

20,00

19,75

19,75

20,00

 

19,50

19,50

 

19,50

19,75

19,25

 

19,25

24

27, 28, 29, 30, 1, 15

24

19,75

19,75

19,50

19,50

 

19,50

19,25

 

19,50

19,50

19,25

 

19,50

25

28, 29, 30, 1, 2, 13

25

19,50

19,50

19,50

19,75

 

19,50

19,25

 

19,50

19,25

19,25

 

19,25

26

29, 30, 1, 2, 3, 11

26

19,35

19,25

19,40

19,25

 

19,00

19,00

 

19,20

18,75

19,00

 

19,75

27

30, 1, 2, 3, 4, 19

27

19,25

19,00

19,00

18,75

 

19,00

18,75

 

18,75

18,75

19,00

 

18,50

28

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 30

28

19,00

19,00

18,75

18,75

 

19,00

18,75

 

18,50

18,50

18,50

 

18,65

29

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 25

29

18,75

18,50

18,50

18,75

 

18,50

18,85

 

18,60

18,75

18,60

 

18,75

30

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 27

30

19,90

18,75

19,00

19,25

 

19,00

19,25

 

19,25

19,25

19,50

 

19,90

. 8 18.5, 8:

1." 8, "-

, 8, 8. 18.1.

2." , " 8

A . V :) " 8 " ;

55

8) " " -

;)

, " .

) " 8 A . 3. C ". V :

) " ,

8 " " " 8 18.4 "-

. C :

-

C ,

-

C ,

-

C ,

-

C ,

-

C ,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

0,15

7

0,1

13

0,25

19

0,1

25

0,2

2

0,2

8

0,15

14

0,25

20

0,25

26

0,2

3

0,25

9

0,2

15

0,3

21

0,1

27

0,25

4

0,3

10

0,25

16

0,1

22

0,15

28

0,3

5

0,2

11

0,3

17

0,15

23

0,2

29

0,1

6

0,1

12

0,2

18

0,2

24

0,25

30

0,15

8) " 6 = -

;

) " 6 " X - 8, ;

) " A ;

) " 6 6 = -

.

4.8 " A-

.

5.8 .

18.3 ! "". $ . % "!& 4 ! 5'&' *& " "

1., " " -

" .

2.Z =

" ?

3.Z 6 -

? Z

8 , " ?

4.Z " 6 6 = -

? Z 6

6 =?

56

5.Z " = A -? Z " A " " 8 "

?

6.Z " 8 A

6 =

?

7.Z S 6 6 =

8 ", A 8 " 8 A ",

" -?

18.4. $ (* $ . & . 6 "".

1.+ 8, , - = 100 , – 6 , A

= 1,0.

V " 8 " 8 8 " -

. " -

"’ , A 6 6 =

0,15 A 0,6.

7 ": ) 8 " 8 " " 8; 8) -

6 " , 8 " 6 -

.

2.+ 8, , -

= 100 , – 6 , A -

= 0,5.

V " 8 " 8 8 " -

. " -

"’ , A 6 6 =

0,32 A 0,3.

7 ": ) 8 " 8 " " 8; 8) -

6 " , 8 " 6 -

.

3.+ 8, , -

= 200 , –0,8 , A -

= 1,0.

V " 8 " 8 8 " -

. " -

"’ , A 6 " -

200,3 .

7 " 8 6 A

, A 8 8 8 .

57

4. + 8, , -

= 10 , – 0,5 , A -

= 0,8.

V " 8 " 8 8 " -

.

7 ": ) 8 , A 8 -" ; 8) 6 " " -, A 6 6 = - = .

5. % 8 = 0,60 , " -

– 0,64 2.

V " 8 " 8 8 " -

.

6 " -

8 " 6 90,06 " A -

"8 6

6 = .

7 " " , -

.

6. + 8, , - = 120 , – 0,16 , A -

= 0,8.

V " 8 " 8 8 " -

.

" 6 6 = -

, A " , A 6-

" 119,4 .

7.V " 8 " 8 = "

. -

= 0,6 -

– 0,7 .

, A -

6 " 111,75 , 6

6 = – 0,25.

8 ".

" 8, -

.

18.5 *$5 *$* "

$ (*

 

 

1. Z =, 6=0,15< ( )=0,2;

100,9 .

2.

Z =, 6=0,32< ( )=0,35;

101,92 .

3.

S 0,25.

4.

0,0044…, 10,05 .

5. 90 .

6.

–0,5.

7.

110 .

 

 

58

139

0

'% : “ ! 6 "". 5& % " ) ! ! ! (" )

"!& 4

 

": " " -

.

19.1 ' &'! (" ( ! "

; ! ! = , A " -

8 N 8 " =

8 n, " = , , " 8-

8 L, 8 , 8

A = 8 8 =

".

% 8 8 8 $# ( $ ), 8 8 8 8

8 " 8- . V 8 -

8 " " .

7 " 8 n / 8 8 - 8, 8 = 8 8 =, " =-S .

% " = :

-" A ( - =, A = 8,

8 " 8, 8 , 8 - 8 8 8 S );

-8 8, , 8

.

+ S " 8 n / 8

8 8 " " -

8 8 N, = . V

8 " = 8 "

8 . ", A S =

8 , 8 S 8 " n S " /.

n C " N 8

8.

] = "

: ! (! #)

! (! #). -

= ": # # # $# -

.

59

# # " = " " ,

. 19.1. Z A 8, = n 8 " N 8, A

, 8 8 L S "

/, 8 = . Z A -

8 8 L 8 S " /,

8 8 = 8 = .

8 = 8 S S "-

.

% N 8

8 n

LC

N

=

L > C

7 S (N-n) 8

=

7 19.1 – I "

8

# $# " = " " ,

. 19.2. Z A 8, = n1 8 " N 8,

, 8 8 L1 S "

/1, 8 = .

Z A 8 8 L1 8 S "

/2, 8 8 = 8 =

.

, 8 8 L1

/1<L1<C2, 8 8 n2 . Z A

8 8 S 8, 8 L1+L2 8 S

" /2, 8 =. Z A 8-

8 S 8, 8 L1+L2, 8 8 S " -

/2, 8 8 = 8 = -

.

60

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