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, , = ! !

! ,8, 8 , = ,8 , A -

8 " " 8 8.

Z 8 " " A, 8 =

. C " 8 = ! # 8, =

8 S " . ,,

(6 23.4) " , A 8-

8 8 ,

8 :

.-C1-%1-C2-%2-C3-E1-C4-%3-C5-%4-C6-E2-C7-%5-C8-%6-C9-., (23.6)

C 8.

1 ! " ! # $# , – -

8 8 . , -

" = " 6:

, =

,

 

,

(23.7)

nc + n + no +1

 

 

 

n – 8, " -

.

1 ! "$ $# ,

("), 8-

. , " = " 6-

:

, =

,8

 

=

,

 

,

(23.8)

n +1

n +1

 

 

 

 

,8 8, ;

n – ("),

8 8.

* ! # R –

8. . "- = 8.

V 8 "

8 " . , & #

-" 1.62 "

200 1000 . V 8 -

11R . "

8 8 8

111

, 1/11 8 -

.

Y ! ! # 8 " -

" " " A

0,6 . . 8 - " , 8 1R .

S " # ! # R

8 8, -

= (" ) 50 .

# ! # R ! 8 -

8, -

= 12,5 .

", ! # -

8- 8 " = -

, = 8. +,

8 ": 12R 8R , 7R 2R A.

1 # ,7 ( - ), 8-

8 $ !, " = " 6:

,7 = (t + nc t + n t + n o t ) R ( ) ,

(23.9)

t , t , t , t , – " 8 -

, , "

, - ;

n , n , n , – ,

, " ;

R ( ) – (8 -

) 8.

%. V = S 8 t =(0,56…0,6)t , t =(0,18…0,2)t [1, E. 386].

/ # # ,7 ( - -

), 8 8, "- = " 6:

,7 =

,7

,

(23.10)

 

 

, ( )

 

, ( ) – ( ).

 

! # ,7"

( - -

), 8 $ ! #! ! #-

, = =, " = " 6:

 

m

 

,7 "

= (t + nc t + n t + no t ) R ( )i ,

(23.11)

=1

112

m – 8;

R ( ) – (8 -

) - 8.

! # # ,7" (

- ), 8 #! ! #, = -

=, " = " 6:

m

 

,7 " = ,7 (i) ,

(23.12)

=1

,7 ( ) 8, 8

8 - , - .

%. Z A 8 8 " " , , # !, -

A, " 6 (23.9…23.12) " , A " " 8 t , t , t , t " $# !

8, . % 8 " " -

8 8

" 8 " -

8 23.1.

, 8 23.1 – + 8

8 , .-

 

E

 

] S 8

 

 

8

8

 

 

%

0,35

-

-

0,35

 

 

 

 

 

%

0,4

-

-

0,4

 

 

 

 

 

C

0,75

0,1

-

0,85

%

4,0

2,0

0.1

6,1

E

16,0

7,0

0,5

23,5

.

23,0

10,0

2,0

35,0

1 # $ # !

,78( ) ( ), 8 -

= $ #! # ! #, " = " 6-

:

,7

8 (i) =

e

 

R ( ) ,

(23.13)

+ 8 ( )

 

 

 

 

e 6 6 8 8 ,

; e = 1750…1850 ;

";

R ( ) – (8 -

) 8;

113

+8( ) 8

8.

+ 8 " = +8( ), -

+8( ), " A +8(") S +8(S) 8 -

( . .). %%7 +8( )=1650 . .,

+8( )=500 . ., +8(")=1000 . ., +8(S) = 3390 . . [8, E. 106].

1 # ! ,78 (

), 8 = $

#! # ! #, " = " 6:

,78 = ,78( )+,78( )+,78(")+,78(S),

(23.14)

,78( ) 8,

8, .- ;

,78( ) 8,

8, .- ;

,78(") " A 8, -

8, .- ;

,78(S) S 8,

8, .- .

! # $ # !-

,78" ( ) ( ), 8

= $ #! ! #, " = " 6-

:

 

m

e

 

 

,7 8"

(i) =

R ( )i ,

(23.15)

 

 

=1

+ 8 ( )

 

m – 8;

R ( ) – (8 -

) - 8.

! # !

,78" ( ), 8 =-

$ #! ! #, " = " 6:

,78" = ,78"

( ) + ,78"

( ) + ,78"

(") + ,78"

(S) ,

(23.16)

,78" ( ) 8 " 8-

, 8, -- ;

,78" ( ) 8 " 8-

, 8, -

- ;

114

,78" (") " A 8 " 8-

, 8, -

- ;

,78" (S) S 8 " 8-

, 8, - -

.

* ! ! . , 8 -

8 8-

8, = =, " = " 6-

:

 

,7

"

+ ,7

"

 

. =

 

(c )

 

8 ( )

,

(23.17)

 

 

 

 

 

 

e .

 

,7"( ) " -

8, 8 #! ! #, = -

=, - ; ,78" ( ) " 8 " 8-

, 8 = $

#! ! #, - ;

. 6 = , . = 1,02…1,1.

%. I 8 " = -

, " A A, 8 -

8 8 8. * ! E , 8 -

8 " 8 8, =

=, " = " 6:

 

,7

"

+ ,7

"

 

C =

 

( )

 

8 ( )

,

(23.18)

 

 

 

 

 

 

F .

 

,7"( ) " -

8, 8 #! ! #, = -

=, - ; ,78" ( ) " 8 " 8-

, 8 = $

#! ! #, - ;

F – 6 6 8 8 -

, ; F = 1750…1850 .

X $ $#$ $ # ! Q ( ),

8 " 8

8, = =, " = " 6:

115

Q ( ) = " + ( ) [ R + R c + R ],

(23.19)

" 6 =, =

8, " =1,12…1,15;

+ ( ) " -

8, = , / . .;

6 =, " = S

; =0,6;

6 =, " = S -

; =0,2;

R – 8, - = ; . .;

R c 8, =

; . .;

R – 8, -

= ; . .

! D $ $#$ # ! Q ,

8 " 8

8, = =, " = " 6:

n

 

Q = Q ( ) ,

(23.20)

1

 

Q ( ) A 8 = - , ; n – .

! D $ $#$ # ! Q ,

8 " 8

8, = =, 8 " $D

#. X 8 =, A 1 -

, " 8, 10 . ,:

Q =10 E ,

(23.21)

E – , A " 8

8.

23.2 $ "". $ . % !* " ) " "".

8 23.2 A 44 ( ) ,

. X ; -

R ; , 8 " n , n , n

n , 8 " 8 " " -

116

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+

 

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.

I,

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( )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

n

n

n

n

 

 

 

R

 

 

 

 

 

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1.62

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1

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6

9

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1

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12

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26

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1

3

16

20

22500

27

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4

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15

21500

28

3 10

15,5

1

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22000

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3 10I

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9

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3 195

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12

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1

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8 23.3 A , ( ) -

" 8 8 "

". ; , D " # ! # !

! $ 30 #. C S , A -

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e ,

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1

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3,4,5,6,7

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5,6,7,8,9

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1,3

1

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0,7

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1758

1790

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1,3

1

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1760

1795

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9

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1750

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29,30,31,32,33

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1760

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17

33,34,35,36,37

1,3

1

1

1,4

255

2

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1751

1765

1,08

13

18

35,36,37,38,39

1,5

0,8

0,7

1,7

256

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8,1

1752

1770

1,06

12

19

37,38,39,40,41

1

0,7

1

1,2

257

3

8

1754

1775

1,04

11

20

39,40,41,42,43

1,3

1,3

1

1,1

258

2

8,1

1755

1780

1,02

10

21

41,42,43,44,1

1,5

1

0,7

1

259

2

8,12

1756

1785

1,1

9

22

1,4,8,12,18

1

0,8

1

1,4

260

1

8,05

1758

1790

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8

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2,10,20,30,40

1,3

0,7

1

1,7

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1760

1795

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3,6,13,17,21

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1

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1,3

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1752

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1,5

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9,14,27,36,44

1

1,3

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10,14,22, 28,37

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. 8 23.2 23.3, 8:

1., 8 .

2.6 (23.2) " ( )

8, A .

3.6 (23.3) " ( ) -

8, A .

4.6 (23.5) (23.7) " ( )

8, A .

118

5.6 (23.9) " 8 (

- ) 8,

. + " " 8 23.1.

6.6 (23.10) "

8 ( - ), 8

8, A .

7.6 (23.11) " " -

8 ( - ), 8

8, A .

; $$. 7, 8, 9, 12 13 , D # ! -

! $ 30 # " # ! #.

8.6 (23.12) " " -

8 ( - ), 8

8, A .

9.. 6 (23.9…23.12), " " -

! 8 ( - -

), 8 8, A -

.

10.. 6 (23.13), " ( -- ) , , " A S 8 " -

8, 8

8. + 8 8. 23.1.

11.. 6 (23.14), " ( -

- ) 8 " 8, 8 -

8.

12.. 6 (23.15), " " -

( - ) , , " A S 8 " 8, 8

8, A .

13. . 6 (23.16), " " -

( - ) 8 " 8, - 8 8, A

.

14. . 6 (23.17), " "

, , " A S, 8

8 8

8, A .

%. % " " A S

, A 8 " 8

8, 8 – .

15. . 6 (23.18), " ,

8 8 "

8 8, A .

119

16. 7 " 8,

= , -

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= 8, "

8, , -

, , -

, A " $ !, "-

8;

8) 8, -, " # ,

, , A " $ -

. V " , . 16. , " ( ) 8-, " . 3;

) " , -

, , A " $

# ! #, ! # !, 8

": R , R R .

% . 16. , A

30 8.

17. . 6 (23.19), " A 8 -

= , 8 " -

8 8, A .

18.8 .

23.3 ! "". $ . % "!& 4 ! 5'&' *& " "

1.E " =.

2.V " "- - 8 =.

3.+ " " =

8 .

4.C " " - -

, " =. -

= %%7?

5.V " 8”. + " -

8 .

6.V " 8”. + "

.

7.8 " %%7.

" = " ?

8.V 6 "

8, A =.

120

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