8. " "8
“-”.
9.7 " A "8 -
“-”.
10.7 "
“-”.
11.7 " " A , 8 "8
“-”.
12.7 " " A "8
“I” “-”.
13.8 .
25.3 ! "". $ . % "!& 4 ! 5'&' *& " "
1.V " “ ” "
".
2.C " 6 .
3.+ " "
.
4.8 8 ? C " .
5." 8 6 =-
?
6.8 " 8 -
.
7.8 " 8 "8 -
.
8.V " “ ”, " -
.
9.Z , A -
? Z " = ?
10." " ?
11.C " -
" . %, " .
12.+ " " ",
.
13.V " " A
" ( -
).
14.Z " = A
?
15.• " = " = "- 8 "?
16.= " " A
?
25.4 $ (* $ . & ’. 6 "".
1.8 "8 . 7 " : -
– 4 , S – 1,2 , – 4 . "8 =
100 . 8, 8 – 2 , , " " 8
8, – 2,5 / 3. % 8 -
= 90 , " " 20 -
. .6 = 8
= 1,4. .6 = " 8’= = 0,3. V-
1 2 A – 2 / 2. .6 = -
A – 0,45.
7 " " A .
2.8 "8 . 7 " : -
– 4 , S – 1,2 , – 4 . "8 =
100 . 8, 8 – 2 , , " " 8
8, – 2,5 / 3. % 8 -
= 90 , " " 20 -
. .6 = 8 -
= 1,4. .6 = " 8’= = 0,3. V
1 2 A – 2 / 2. E =
250 . .6 = A – 0,45. 7 " " A .
3.7 8 = 50 . S. + -
8 8 800 , A-
. E " – 20 . "8 =
S 8. V 1 2 – 2 . .6 = – 1,1. .6 =
A – 0,65. 7 " " A .
4.7 8 = 50 . S. + -
8 8 800 , A-
. E " – 20 . E =
255 . "8 = S 8. V
1 2 – 2 . .6 = -
– 1,1. .6 = A – 0,65. 7 " " A .
5.% = = " 600 . ,
– 11,4 / 3. E " " 60 -
. E " – 20 . H
"8 . 7 " : 1,8 , S – 1,5 ,
– 2 . .6 = " 8’= = 0,5. .6- = – 1,2. V -
1 2 – 2,2 . .6 = A -
= 0,7.
7 " " A .
6.% = = " 600 . ,
– 11,4 / 3. E " " 60 -
. E " – 20 . H "8-
. 7 " : 1,8 , S – 1,5 , -
– 2 . .6 = " 8’= = 0,5. .6 =
– 1,2. V -
1 2 – 2,2 . .6 = A
= 0,7. E = 260 . 7 " " A .
7.% = = " 12000 . . -
6 = – 1,2. V
1 2 – 3,0 . E =
250 . E "
– 3 . E "
– 1 . % A, 8-
" , – 30 . . % A, - 8 , – 40 . .
7 " A -
.
8.% = = " 10000 . . - 6 = – 1,05. V "8 -
. E -
– 2,5 . E 8 – 12 . %
" 8 30 . .6- = " – 1,1.
7 " 8 .
9.% = = " 1000 . . - 6 = – 1,1. " "
8 3 . V 8
5 . I 8 " 8 2 ". 7 "-
-" .
25.5 *$5 *$* " $ (*
1. |
96 |
. . |
2. |
106,7 . . |
3. |
10,3 . . |
4. |
11,1 . . |
5. |
104,1 . . |
6. |
115,7 . . |
7. |
70 |
. 59,2 . . |
8. |
168 S. |
9. |
31,6 . |
|
|
=
" .
8 =
= " 8, , " "-
. /$ , $ , $" -
", $ ’ " , -
" , # & $#$ ,
$ $#$ $ - # $#$ .
C # $# -
= =:
-8 " 8 =
S ;
-S ;
-;
-S ;
-A " 8 -
;
-" -
8;
-" 8-
S.
E 8 " - 8 = 8 , A 8 " 8 "
8 ", =. X -
8 , " 8
, 8, , "
" .
" " ,
=, -
8 , . ,! ! = ,
, 6- ,
", "’" " A.
1$! ! = , -
, " , -
", , , ", " A.
,! = , -
, 8, , , , -
S .
# & =
= " : ! # -
. V ! # -
, " "-
, , " 8-
A " " " ( , "-, A). V -
8 , , S "-
, - A.
8 = 6-
. % " -
. 26.1.
t
9
7 26.1 – C "
=
C = = ! . t " = - ##- ! ! , " = -
8, , -
= A. $ ! " 8 "- = , 8 ( ) , 8 A.
" - = = 8 8’= 6. E :
-" "8 = ;
-8 " 8 " " = " ;
-- ,
";
-" , " ;
-8 " -
, " A.
6
= :
-" ;
-"8 ;
-;
-8;
-" S ( ) ;
-8 S ;
-8 A.
? $# = 8 " =
8 8 " " -
. , " -
" ! #. - 8 # " -
# . 8 " " = "-
8 8- =
, # # ($ ) –
, 8 -
,
A.
V - " -
= $ -
:
-8 =: "-
" ( , , 3, A);
-8 =-
;
-8 8 1 .- ; 1000 3 -
A;
-- "8 = 8, 8
( ), 8, S.
C 8- = -
$ #. 8 -
= " 8
(8 8 ); 8 = - S ; 8 , , -
, S 8 8; 8 , =
; 8 , A.
7 " 8 = 8 " = -
# $! -
$ $# 8 S .
0 – -
( , ,
8, ", 8 , 1 2 A
A). + 6 " ":
-$! $# – (") 6-
. U$ " -
(8 ) , , =. +-
, 1 ", 1000 3 -
, 1000 . A. 2 +
" , ,
A;
-# – , , -
A;
-" " " – , " A;
-" 8 – , # ! #, - -
. + 8 S " 8 = - 8 , A = -
.
=
– ! " (") ! " ( ) 8 8-
. (") -
, " ( ) – -
, A.
( , D # # , "-
, 8 8 8 " "
(8 S ).
S 8 = " 8, -: " , " A.
$ Q"(1) " = " 6:
Q"(1) |
= |
% F . . |
, |
(26.1) |
|
|
|
#1 #2 |
|
% – 8 S ,
;
F – 6 ( ) 6 8 8
( , ), ;
. – 6 =, = " 8 "
;
. – 6 =, = 8-
;
#1 – 6 = 8;
#2 – 6 =, = .
$ Q"(2) " = " 6-
:
+" – " ( "-
8, 1000 . A);
– " (S., . . A).
( , D # # $ , "-
" A, A. -S " 8 = "
" " 6:
1. ; ! ! ! Q ( ):
m |
% |
|
F |
|
. |
|
. |
|
|
|
Q (e) = |
|
|
|
|
- , |
(26.3) |
|
|
#1 #2 |
|
|
i=1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% – 8, " " -
", ;
F – 6 ( ) 6 8 8
" ( , ), ; m – " 8. I8 S:
m |
|
Q (e) = + F F F - , |
(26.4) |
i=1
+ – 8 8 -
, - .:
+ = |
% |
- . |
(26.5) |
|
|
#1 #2 |
|
2. ; ! Q ( ): |
|
|
n |
|
|
Q (e) |
= + "( ) N i , |
(26.6) |
|
1 |
|
|
+"( ) – "
- , - ./ .;
Ni – - , 8
= , S 8 S -
; n – .
3.; ( , $ .$.) !-
! Q ( ):
m |
|
Q ( ) = + F . . 3 ( ), |
(26.7) |
1 |
|
+ – " 8
8, 3/ . ( / . S); m – 8.
4. ; $ ! ! Q ( ):
m |
|
Q ( ) =1,5 + c F . . 3, |
(26.8) |
1 |
|
1,5 – 6 =, = 8-
;
+ – " 8 " - 8 8 , 3/ .;
m – .
5. ; $! # # ! ! Q ( ):
n
Q( ) = "( ) i ( ), (26.9)
1. g
+"( ) – "
(1000 . A), ;
Ni – - , 8
= , S 8 S -
; n – ;
.g – , = -
, 8 6 = 8 .
6.; # ! ! Q ( ):N+
n |
|
Q ( ) = + F . . , |
(26.10) |
1 |
|
+ – " 8 8-, / .;
n – 8.