Posobie po grammatike

3.Queen Elizabeth II has visited the United States in 1991. ________

4.This is the first time a British woman went into space. ________

Ex. 90 This is an excerpt from a tennis championship commentary. Complete the commentary using the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple, the Present Perfect Simple or the Past Simple:

And now Donna Scarlatti plays (play) with Barbara Schmidt. Donna, now nineteen, 1 _____ (start) playing when she 2 _____ (be) four. She first 3 _____ (train) with her father, but since his death five years ago, she 4 _____ (train) with the famous Miranda Merlinghetti.

Donna 5 _____ (play) in some of the most important tennis tournaments of the last four years, but this 6 _____ (be) the first time she 7 _____ (play) at Wimbledon. Oh, look! Someone 8 _____ (throw) down a bunch of red roses to her from the crowd. She 9 _____ (be) a very popular player this year, even though most of the crowd 10

_____ (not see) her play before. And now they are about to begin …

Ex. 91 Translate into English:

a) 1. У нас большой сад с тех пор, как мы приехали сюда / как мы живем здесь.

2. Я не сплю с тех пор, как они пришли / как они здесь.

3.Они никогда не путешествовали с тех пор, как они поженились / как они женаты.

4.Они не пошевелились с тех пор, как они пришли сюда / как они находятся

здесь.

5.С тех пор, как мы приехали / как мы живем здесь, стоит ужасная жара.

6.С тех пор, как мы развелись / как я холостяк опять, я часто бываю голоден.

7.С тех пор, как Тони заболел / как Тони болен, никто нас не навещает.

8.С тех пор, как меня положили в больницу / как я в больнице, мне хуже.

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b) 1. Они друзья с тех пор, как учатся вместе.

2.Сколько я работаю в этом университете, здесь вечные споры.

3.Никто не жаловался с тех пор, как я работаю здесь учителем.

4.Я совсем не встречался с Джейн с тех пор, как я женился на тебе.

5.Сколько я работаю здесь, никогда не думала плохо о вас.

6.Сколько я работаю здесь, вы никогда не сказали ни одного плохого слова обо мне.

7.Я не сплю с тех пор, как узнала новость.

8.Я младший клерк здесь все время, сколько работаю в этой компании.

9.Я не видел Вилли с тех нор, как он уехал из страны.

10.Мы не виделись с тех пор, как его нет в городе.

1.12. THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

Ex. 92 Complete the following sentences using the Past Perfect Simple Tense of the verbs suggested in brackets:

Model: When she left, she remembered that she (not to lock the kitchen window).

–When she left, she remembered that she hadn’t locked the kitchen window.

1.I was very sorry to hear that he (to leave).

2.When we got to the University, the lecture (to start already).

3.When he came home after work, the family (to start watching TV).

4.He didn’t return to his work until he (to spend all his money).

5.When I met her I understood why David ( to refuse to marry her).

6.I didn’t know what to do when I understood that I (to leave my purse at home).

7.He didn’t start watching TV until he (to walk his dog).

8.She managed to grasp the main idea of the article only after she (to read it twice).

9.She was tired because she (to walk too much).

10.They never started eating until they (to wash their hands).

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11.We didn’t meet Lucy because she (to go away the day before).

12.By the end of that year we (to forget our quarrels).

13.Betty didn’t speak until everyone (to stop chattering).

14.They suddenly remembered that they (not to send the parcel to its owner).

15.She returned to the hotel after she (to visit old friends).

16.He didn’t get anything until he (to pay for it).

Ex. 93 Join the following pairs of sentences by making one of them a clause with the verb in the Past Perfect Simple Tense. Use the conjunctions given in brackets.

Model: They went for a walk. They did their homework. (after) – They went for a walk after they had done their homework.

1.He left the room. I turned on the TV. (after)

2.She didn’t talk to him. He finished revising for his exams. (until)

3.She worked as a flower-girl. She owned a flower-shop. (before)

4.She looked at the sky. The sun set. (until)

5.She cooked dinner. She called her family to the dining-room. (after, as soon as)

6.Alan read the article in the newspaper. He went downstairs to tell the news to his wife. (after)

7.Alice didn’t think about time. She understood she was late. (until)

8.They reached the mountain top. The sun set. (when, as soon as)

9.She tore up the note. He read it carefully. (as soon as)

10.I didn’t understand him. He repeated his words twice. (until)

11.She looked at him. He disappeared in the darkness. (until)

12.The Browns left their home. They sold it. (when)

13.John opened the parcel and looked up. The messenger disappeared. (before)

14.Margaret read the contract. She signed it. (after)

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Ex. 96 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets:

Model: There was nobody in the classroom. (as/everybody/already/go out) – There was nobody in the classroom as everybody had already gone out.

1.The children went straight home. (after/they/finish/their classes)

2.The teacher came into the classroom. (by the time/the children/take/their seats)

3.We left the house. (after/the rain/stop)

4.You rang up. (when/the guests/not come/yet)

5.You entered university. (after/you/study/English)

6.I came into the room. (by the time/the lecture/begin)

7.The house was empty. (as everybody/go/to the party)

8.They went home. (after/they/finish/their work)

9.I met you in the street. (after/you/see/a new film)

10.He couldn’t take part in the competition. (because/he/break/his arm)

Ex. 97 Translate into English:

1.Телеграмма пришла десять минут спустя после того, как ты уехала.

2.К 7 часам все уже прибыли на вокзал.

3.Когда вы пришли, я уже написал доклад.

4.К тому времени, когда вы позвонили, гости еще не собрались.

5.Вы изучали английский язык перед тем, как поступили на эти курсы?

6.Сколько страниц этой книги они перевели к концу прошлой недели?

7.Что вы уже подготовили к тому времени?

8.Кто уже сдал экзамены к тому времени?

9.После того как Петр перевел предложение неправильно, Аня попыталась перевести его правильно.

10.Когда он вошел в комнату на урок английского языка, он обнаружил, что забыл не только учебник, но и тетради тоже.

11.Он нервничал, так как не выучил все слова, которые учительница задала.

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12.Придя в театр, я обнаружила, что спектакль еще не начался.

13.Она приехала в наш город три года тому назад. К этому времени она уже окончила университет.

14.Когда я пришел домой, мой брат уже ушел в кино.

15.Он ушел до того, как мы получили телеграмму.

16.Мой брат сказал, что он уже посетил эту выставку.

17.Она дала мне письмо только после того, как я сказал свое имя.

18.Придя утром в лабораторию, он с удовлетворением отметил, что лаборантка ничего не трогала на его столе, и он мог сразу приступить к работе.

19.Я видел много репродукций этой картины до того, как я увидел оригинал.

20.Вопрос оказался гораздо проще, чем мы думали.

21.Солнце еще не поднялось над горизонтом, когда мы отправились в путь.

22.Когда я пришел, все гости уже собрались.

23.Радио сообщило, что самолет прилетел в Новосибирск.

24.Его произношение значительно улучшилось после того, как он несколько раз позанимался в лингафонном кабинете.

25.Строитель показал своим иностранным друзьям мост, в строительстве которого он сам принимал участие.

26.Никто не говорил ей, как тяжело она была больна.

27.Он не мог принять участие в экспедиции, так как он сломал ногу.

28.Едва певец закончил пение, публика разразилась аплодисментами.

1.13. THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Ex. 98 Put the verb in brackets into the Past Perfect Progressive:

1.You (to wait) for half an hour before the taxi came.

2.I (to have a rest) at the sanatorium for two weeks when the doctor arrived.

3.We (to work) in the garden for some hours when it began to rain.

4.She (to live) in the mountains for a month when a telegram came from her

mother.

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5.We (to walk) for two hours when we saw a lake in the distance.

6.I (to work) at my English for about two hours when my friend came.

7.By the time she (to study) English for three years.

8.She rose from the bench where she (to sit) for half an hour.

9.The wind which (to blow) harder than ever from the south all day, dropped at sunset.

10.They (to walk) quickly and now they are approaching the place.

Ex. 99 Make up sentences according to the model:

Model: We began playing volleyball. After an hour when it began raining. We had been playing volleyball for an hour when it began raining.

1.The scientist worked at the experiment. After a year the problem was solved. The scientist ………. for a year ………. when………. .

2.We packed up our things. After two hours it was time to go to the railway station.

We ……….. when it …………. .

3.The young man worked at the laboratory. After two years he decided to enter the university.

The young man ……….. when he ………… .

4.The members of the expedition made preparations. After some months they started for the North.

The members ………… when they …………. .

Ex. 100 Join the following sentences. Use the Past Perfect Progressive Tense in the main clause.

Model: They began watching TV. After half an hour their parents came. – They had been watching TV for half an hour when their parents came.

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1.We had arranged to meet in the café. I came and began waiting. After fifteen minutes I realized that I had come to the wrong café.

2.Mr. and Mrs. Thompson went to live to Sussex. Six months later their son joined them.

3.We started to play football at about three. Somewhere about half past three it began to rain.

4.Bernard couldn’t calm the baby down. It was crying. After fifteen minutes his wife came.

5.The teacher left the room. The boys began to fight. After ten minutes the teacher came back and they were still fighting.

6.Jane came home. She realized that she had forgotten her keys. She tried to find them in her handbag. After ten minutes her husband came with the keys.

7.Mother started cooking dinner. After ten minutes Hazel came to help her.

8.Brian was trying to fix his car. After three hours he gave up the idea.

9.Faith sat down and began to write her report. After half an hour her sister called

her.

10.She worked for this company. After 25 years she retired.

11.My sister studied French. Then, after five years, she went to France.

12.Pete began to play chess when he was six. He took part in his first tournament when he was ten.

13.The orchestra began playing. After ten minutes a man ran into the hall.

14.The family began watching an interesting film. After half an hour the TV broke down.

15.We settled down in London. After a fortnight our two cousins joined us.

16.We sat down to dinner. After five minutes the door-bell rang.

17.Margaret went to the park. After ten minutes she realized she had forgotten to close the door.

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Ex. 101 Answer the questions:

Model: Did you write a composition yesterday? – Yes, I did. – How long had you been writing a composition before you went for a walk? (for two hours) – I had been writing a composition for two hours.

1. Did it snow yesterday?

How long had it been snowing when you left home? (for 2 hours) 2. Did you stay at the hotel when you lived in Paris?

How ling had you been staying at the hotel when you lived in Paris? (for 10 days) 3. Did you study English before you went to England?

How long had you been studying English before you went to England? (for a year)

4. Did you watch TV yesterday?

How long had you been watching TV before I came home? (for an hour) 5. Did your friend play chess?

How long had he been playing chess before he took part in the competition? (for 3 years)

Ex. 102 Use the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Simple Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1.He (to sit) in the park until the light (to fade).

2.He (to remember) so well that house, where he (to spend) his youth and first (to meet) Mabel.

3.When he (to rush) into the room he (to see) at once that she (to burn) the letter which he (to hope) so much to read.

4.As soon as he (to understand) it he (to quiet) down.

5.David (to look up) at his friend and (to see) that he just (to get) a bad news.

6.After the sun (to rise), they (to start) walking slowly towards the lake.

7.She (not to remember) the place. But suddenly it all (to come back) to her: how

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they (to be afraid) their teacher, how they (to quarrel), how they (to share) their secrets…

8.There (to be) a rule in their house. They never (to start) eating and even (not to sit down) at the table until everyone who (to be able) to do so (to gather) in the dining-room.

9.As soon as everyone (to come) and (to sit down) Mr. Hull (to open) the will. Everyone (to expect) something different from what he (to read out), so they (to return) home really disappointed.

10.When the tourists (to come back) to the hotel, they (to discover) that a new guest (to arrive). Some of them (to know) him before, and they (not to like) it. But of course they (not to show) their disappointment, while the newcomer (to prefer) not to notice those he (to meet) before.

11.He (to be) happy. He (to be over) with the article at last! It (to be) good. After he (to read) it through again, he (to see) it even more clearly. The editor, who (not to praise) him for his last article, was going to be pleased this time. He (to dial) the number and the secretary (to tell) him that the editor (to go out).

12.He (to be) so angry that he (not to be able) to speak until he (to count) to fifteen… Then he (to start) to explain that he even (not to be present) at the Board meeting and (to have) nothing to do with that decision.

13.After the plane (to land) and he (to pass) the customs and the luggage control, Mr. Jenkins (to take) a taxi and (to go) to the hotel.

14.When he (to come) he was surprised by the unusual silence in the typing pool. The one remaining typist (to explain) that everyone (to go out).

15.Hardly he (to open) the door when he (to notice) some changes in the house.

16.No sooner Dave (to start) to read than the phone (to ring). He (to get up) and (to take) the receiver. It (to be) his friend Pete. He (to tell) Dave that his favourite team (to win). After Dave (to hear) the news he (to go) to tell it to his father. He (to be sorry) he (to miss) the match but glad that the Rovers (to lose). He (not to return) to the book until he (to tell) about it to the family.

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