Posobie po grammatike
.pdf24.Он приехал в Томск недавно.
25.Она переехала в Москву два года назад.
26.До того, как они вернулись, шел снег.
27.Она не хотела идти в магазин, потому что ее сестра не вымала посуду.
28.Едва я заговорил с ним об учебе, как он вспомнил о своей двойке.
29.Они догадались, что я его знала с детства.
30.До нашего отъезда два дня шел сильный дождь.
31.Я годами пытался найти его, но не смог.
32.Она изучала английский язык в течение трех лет, прежде чем поехала за границу.
1.16. REVISION OF PRESENT AND PAST TENSES IN THE ACTIVE VOICE
Ex. 117 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple, the Present Perfect Progressive, the Past Simple, the Past Progressive or the Past Perfect Simple:
1.Tom (go) to the cinema yesterday.
2.I (book) the tickets two weeks ago for the concert in Vienna.
3.The teacher (speak) English since the beginning of this lesson.
4.In your life, how many countries (you – visit)?
5.The bank (open) a branch in the new shopping center last month.
6.Caroline (work) here between 1997 and 1999.
7.Before getting on the plane, John (buy) a book to read during the flight.
8.Since the beginning of this exercise, I (learn) several new words in English.
Ex. 118 Explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each pair:
1.a) I had been playing squash with Jim, so I felt very hot.
b)I had played squash with Jim, only to discover that he was a terrible cheat.
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2.a) Jess has been writing her thesis, and she’s over halfway through.
b)Jess has written her thesis, so she’s very relieved.
3.a) I’ve been phoning her, but I think she must be out.
b)I’ve phoned her, but I think she must be out.
4.a) Jack had been living with us since his arrival in England.
b)Jack had lived with us since his arrival in England.
Ex. 119 Complete the following sentences. Put the verbs into either a Perfect Simple or a Perfect Progressive form:
1)Look at you – you’re covered in mud – what on earth ______ (you/ do)?
2)This is my favourite coat, and I _____ (have) it since I left school.
3)Quite a few of us had to work in the corridor because our offices _____
(damage) by the flood water.
4)The car’s nearly ready, madam. The mechanic _____ (change) the oil and
_____ (check) the brakes, but he _____ (not/ complete) all the paperwork yet.
5)Well, of course I felt angry, what did you expect? I _____ (wait) for you for over an hour.
6)Because of pressure of work at the office, Jack _____ (get) home late recently.
Ex. 120 Choose the best alternative:
1.I have been meaning/ mean to ask you a few questions since I heard your
report.
2.Who is snoring/ has been snoring in the next room?
3.How long have you learnt/ have you been learning English?
4.I always find/ have always been finding it difficult to apply for a new job.
5.Go out and get some fresh air! You are sitting/ have been sitting here all morning.
6.I have visited/ have been visiting France for two years.
7.Oh, no! Sandy has just broken/ has just been breaking the window!
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8.Tom has painted/ has been painting the fence. It should be finished soon.
9.What's that bruise on the cheek? Have you had/ Have you been having a fight?
10.Could you dance with me? – I'm afraid 1 can't. I haven't danced/ I am not dancing for years.
11.During the last few months the company works/ has been working hard at new technological programs.
12.Hi, Bob! What are you doing/ have you been doing here in our lab?
13.I have liked/ have been liking the Muppet Show since my childhood.
14.I am typing/ have been typing letters of invitation since morning but I haven't finished yet.
15.She's been complaining/ has complained about her son since they bought a
video.
16.I have/ am having a great time!
17.I have applied/ have been applying for a job five times but I'm not sure I'll be successful.
18.Ever since we started going into space we have been leaving/ have left behind bits of orbiting junk.
Ex. 121 Choose the correct variant:
1.For some time now, world leaders_______the necessity for agreement on army reduction.
a) have pointed out |
c) are pointing out |
b) have been pointing out |
d) point out |
2.The meat must be ready. It________for nearly an hour.
a) has cooked |
c) has been cooking |
b) is cooking |
d) cooked |
3.I can't stand him. He_______about my clothes.
a) always argues |
c) argued |
b) is always arguing |
d) has always been arguing |
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4.I love him. I_______him. All my life.
a) always love |
c) loved |
b) have been loving |
d) have always loved |
5.How long have you known the truth? - I have only just found out, but
I_____a lot of other things just recently.
a) am finding out |
c) found |
b) find |
d) have been finding |
6.I_______she is making a mistake.
a) feel |
c) have felt |
b) am feeling |
d) have been feeling |
7.I_______a lot of money since we________.
a) have had, marry |
c) have, got married |
b) have, are married |
d) have had, have been married |
8.I______five letters since breakfast.
a) have typed |
c) typed |
b) have been typing |
d) am typing |
9.I______letters since breakfast.
a) have typed |
c) typed |
b) have been typing |
d) am typing |
10. How long_______for the interview? |
|
a) have you prepared |
c) have you been preparing |
b) are you preparing |
d) do you prepare |
Ex. 122 Change the sentences to make them sound polite. Use the past tenses: the Past Progressive can make requests more polite; the Past Simple make questions less direct; the Present Progressive can sound casual and friendly in invitations.
e.g. I wonder if you can lend me your mixer. I was wondering if you could lend me your mixer.
I wonder if you are busy tonight. I wondered if you were busy tonight.
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How much do you want to buy, sir? How much did you want to buy, sir? I hope you'll see us some day. I'm hoping you'll see us some day.
1.How much money do you mean to spend?
2.How many days do you want to stay here?
3.Are you looking for anything extraordinary, madam?
4.I wonder if you could use your phone.
5.I look forward to hearing from you soon.
6.I wonder if I could ask you for a favour.
7.I think it will be a good idea to have a farewell party.
8.I hope you can lend me your bike.
9.We hope you'll come and see us on Sunday.
10.I wonder if I can have a talk with Mr. Gibbs.
11.I wonder if I can come over and talk with you.
12.I wonder if you are fixed next week.
13.I think it will be nice to invite Alice and Alec.
14.How much do you want to buy madam?
15.Can 1 help you? - I just want to buy a pair of walking shoes.
16.I look forward to seeing you again.
17.Do you want anything special, sir?
18.I hope you can lend me $20.
Ex. 123 Describe activities that were happening at the same time as the events below:
e.g. I looked into the room. My wife was sitting in the armchair, but TV was not working. The dog was barking. The cat was mewing.
1.I looked out of the window.
2.We went out of the yard.
7.It was deep night.
8.It was 8 a.m.
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3.I came across John in Main Street.
4.James entered the bank.
5.1 visited her class yesterday.
6.I wasn't here on November 10.
9.There were a few people in the room.
10.I couldn't be present at the lesson.
11.I found myself on a small station.
12.I heard a cry and turned round.
Ex. 124 Put the beginnings and ends together:
1.He worked hard
2.He was working hard at McDonalds
3.I played the drums
4.I was playing the drums
5.Her children were naughty.
6.Her children were being naughty
7.They stayed with my parents
8.They were staying with my parents
9.We went past her house
10.We were going past her house
a)all his life.
b)during the summer of 1999.
a)and didn't hear the noises in the attic.
b)when I was a child.
a)and I couldn't concentrate.
b)It was hard to find a baby-sitter for them.
a)for three days and then left for New York.
b)at the time of the robbery.
a)when I heard her calling me.
b)every day.
Ex. 125 Open the brackets using the correct tense form in as- and while – clauses:
1. Then, just as he_________(to reach) the upper gate of the pasture, he________(to meet) Hammond's youngest boy running down the track.
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2.She shook herself shifting in her seat and________(to watch) Don as he
______(to steer) slowly forward.
3.Margaret _________ (to open) her eyes as Marianne_______ (to come) and______(to stand) beside them on the patio.
4.While I_________ (to have) a shower my wedding ring___(to slip) into the
water.
5.The police__________(to stop) her while she___________(to cross) the street in the wrong place.
6.Carol________(to drop) her purse while she__________(to get) on a bus.
7.I__________(to work) in a travel agency while we_________(to live) in London.
8.She__________(to step) back in horror as four men________(to rush) in.
9.Just as I__________(to fall) asleep the telephone___________(to ring up).
10.I___________(to break) my arm while I_______ (to ski) in the Alps.
11.Our guests were early. They_______(to arrive) as I_________(to lay) the
table.
12.While I__________(to talk) to you, someone__________(to steal) my
bicycle.
13.While they__________(to wait) for the cake, McEnroe____ ___(to ask) a few perfunctory questions about the farm.
14.As she_______(to lay) with her eyes still shut, the roar of the crowd________(to rise) to a crescendo.
15.Arthur's eyes_________(to narrow) as he__________(to struggle) to remember.
16.I__________(to examine) him from a distance as I_________(to walk) to Mordicai's office to give him the news.
Ex. 126 Complete the interview. Decide which is best for the context: the Past Simple, the Past Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Simple.
- My best match I ______(to have) in my life _______(to be) with Gibson.
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I_______ (to feel) great joy when I ______(to realize) that the match ______(to finish) and I ______(to be) a chess champion.
-And when you ______ (to beat) the partner how long you ______ (to play)?
-I ______(to start) just before I ______(to go) to school. So I ______ (to play) chess for twenty years by that time.
-And you ______ (to beat) even some very good men chess players.
-Yes, ______ (to take) part in all possible tournaments and ______ (to win) matches regularly before I ______ (to give) birth to my first child. Then my twins
______ (to be) born. So I ______ (to have to) give up playing chess. And now I’m just a housewife and ______ (not to take) part in matches for twelve years already.
Ex. 127 Most of the following sentences contain errors in tense forms. Find each error and correct it.
1. |
I have no problems since I had bought a dog. |
have had, bought |
2. I have washed the windows. They looked transparent. |
______________ |
|
3. |
My neighbor started a house fire. He was smoking in |
|
bed. |
______________ |
|
4. |
I could hear shouts from the yard. The children had |
|
been playing football. |
______________ |
|
5. I had to go to the dentist on Monday. I had been having |
|
|
a terrible toothache since Friday. |
______________ |
|
6. |
When I throwed the ball yesterday our dog catched it. |
______________ |
7. |
I felt in the school yard twice this week. |
______________ |
8. |
He breaked his leg today. Did you hear about it? |
______________ |
9. |
Who teached you all this? |
______________ |
10. Sorry, I'm late. Have you been waiting long? |
______________ |
|
11. Betsy's shoes are dirty. She had been working in the |
|
|
garden. |
______________ |
|
12. Mr. Forbes was painting the roof all afternoon and |
|
|
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now he's been having a rest. |
______________ |
|
13. |
I've never felt happy since I've been here. |
______________ |
14. |
I had played tennis so I wanted to have a shower. |
______________ |
15. |
At last we arrived at the camp. We drove a day and |
|
needed a rest. We have driven 500 miles. |
______________ |
|
16. |
She had been reading three chapters by lunch time. |
______________ |
17. I'm in the middle of washing my car. — The car must |
|
|
be very dirty. You have been washing since morning. |
______________ |
|
18. |
He picked me up while I had been waiting for a bus. |
______________ |
19. |
I finded $50 on my way home today. |
______________ |
20. |
My mum and dad buyed me a bicycle. It costed them |
|
$ 50. |
______________ |
|
21. I've writed and story about a boy and a cat. Yesterday |
|
|
I've finished the last chapter. |
______________ |
|
22. |
Our dog has bited me three times. |
______________ |
23. |
I spended all my pocket money on sweets. |
______________ |
24. |
The police who expected trouble during the |
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demonstration were surprised by the absence of violence. |
______________ |
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Ex. 128 Translate the clauses in italics into English: 1. When the taxi arrived a) я закрывала дверь.
b) я закрыла дверь и спустилась вниз.
2. When she heard the bell |
a) она спустилась вниз. |
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b) она спускалась вниз. |
3. I wonder |
a) как люди жили в ту суровую зиму. |
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b) как люди жили в такие суровые зимы |
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раньше. |
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4. She took the cake out of |
a) и ставила его на стол, когда он соскользнул. |
the oven |
b) и поставила его на стол. |
5. Carl slipped away |
a) когда полицейский посмотрел в другом |
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направлении. |
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b) когда полицейский смотрел в другом |
|
направлении. |
6. When the car started |
a) я закрывала окно. |
b)я закрыла окно.
7.I heard somebody calling a) когда переходила улицу.
me |
b) когда перешла улицу. |
8. When the alarm clock |
a) я встал. |
rang |
b) я вставал. |
Ex. 129 Translate into English:
1.Почему эта книга лежит здесь? - Я ее просматривала.
2.Откуда все это пустые бутылки? - Мы вычищали сервант.
3.Посмотри, в каком беспорядке моя комната! Кто здесь жил?
4.Почему мои туфли в таком беспорядке? Их кто-нибудь носил?
5.Почему у тебя в руках фотоаппарат? - Я фотографировала.
6.Я знаю, почему тебя мучают ночные кошмары. Ты смотришь слишком много фильмов ужасов в последнее время.
7.Британская делегация уже приехала. – Когда они приехали?
8.Вы смотрели этот фильм? – Да, я смотрела его несколько раз.
9.Я встал очень рано сегодня. – Когда ты встал?
10.Собрание уже началось? – Оно началось полчаса тому назад.
11.Это было давным-давно. Я давно знаю об этом.
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