Posobie po grammatike

dead. 7. There is no milk in the jug. 8.1 hear no knocking. 9- He has a huge barn now. 10. They are married now. 11. They are not in. 12. She knows the news. 13. My shoes are clean. 14. She lives in Bristol. 15.I have a new video film.

1.6. COMPARISON OF THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Ex. 46 Fill in the gaps with yet, recently, how long, never, since, just, so far, for or ever. Explain the meanings of tense forms.

1. how long, 2. just, 3. ever, 4. never, 5. so far, 6. for, 7. since, 8. recently.

Ex. 48 Fill in the gaps with recently, how long, yet, for, always, ever, already, since, so far or just. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1.yet; 2.how long, since; 3.so far, yet; 4.just, already; 5.for; 6.ever; 7.recently, yet, already; 8.always; 9.for; 10.just.

1.7. REVISION OF PRESENT TENSES IN THE ACTIVE VOICE

Ex. 49 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:

1.What are you looking at? Am I wearing the wrong clothes again?

2.How many people have you invited to your party?

3.Who drives that Mercedes that’s parked outside?

4.Brenda learns/ is learning Russian, but she finds it difficult.

5.I still have a pain in my leg, but it is getting better.

6.Those two cats have been sitting on the branch for the last hour.

Ex. 50 Choose the most suitable tense:

Ex. 51 Choose one variant that best completes the sentence:

1. D, 2. A, 3. A, 4. C, 5. A, 6. B, 7. D, 8. C, 9. C, 10. C, 11. B, 12. B.

Ex. 50 Complete each mini-dialogue in the Present Perfect Simple or the

Present Perfect Progressive:

1.have been phoning, has gone

2.have been studying, have not finished

3.Have you heard, has robbed

4.Have you heard, has been writing, he has never sent

5.have been fishing, have caught

6.have you been living / have you lived, I have been living / have lived

7.have been taking

8.What have you been doing? – I have been fixing …

9.have been phoning, have been working

10.have been playing, has been doing

11.Has your sister just come …? – … she has already been staying with us …

12.has been playing, has not been playing, has been repairing, has not repaired

Ex. 51 Complete the sentences with Present verb forms:

1. are sending, hear, dances 2. are always asking 3. consider, are constantly complaining 4. sounds 5. do you speak 6. is speaking 7. is just recovering, is learning 8. smells, are you making 9. am enjoying 10. am thinking 11. am smelling 12. are you looking, is smoking, smokes 13. do you weigh, weigh, weigh, is weighing, are overeating

Ex. 52 Choose the most suitable word or phrase:

1. traditionally 2. now 3. normally 4. continually 5. again 6. now 7. at present 8. all this month 9. all the time 10. at the moment 11. now 12. these days 13. until 5 o'clock 14. usually 15. always

222

Ex. 55 Find and correct errors in the text below:

(1) I have applied for the position of junior accountant in my department. (2) I have been working as a bookkeeper in this company since for years. (3) I have do a good job. (4) I has have gained a lot of experience in retail sales. (5) In addition, I have took taken several accounting courses. (6) Since In February my boss liked my work a lot. (7) She has gave gives me more and more responsibility. (8) I have already shown/ showed my accounting skills.

Ex. 56 Choose the correct answer:

1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. b, 5. c, 6. a, 7. a, 8. b, 9. c, 10. a, 11. b, 12. a , 13. c.

Ex. 57 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

1.has been using; 2.are you doing, ’m writing; 3.plays; 4.have been; 5.has just decorated; 6.sing; 7.are you speaking; 8.has won; 9.has drunk; 10.is living; 11.usually change; 12.normally cut; 13.has been studying; 14.are playing; 15.has been reading; 16.leaves; 17.Does your mother work; 18.Do you drink; 19.are making; 20.are moving

Ex. 59 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Progressive:

’ve been studying, ’s just received, ’s decided, ’s been going, ’s been trying, ’s already planned, ’s sold, ’s bought

1.8. THE PAST SIMPLE

Ex. 60 a) Give the past forms of these regular verbs, b) show whether you would pronounce these past forms as /d/, /t/ or /id/:

1.waited /id/; 2.cleaned /d/; 3.played /d/; posted /id/; 5.smiled /d/; 6.stopped /t/; 7.dreamt /t/ or dreamed /d/; 8.burnt /t/ or burned /d/; 9.cried /d/; 10.watched /t/;

223

11.laughed /t/; 12.obeyed /d/; 13.hurried /d/; 14.lied /d/; 15.finished /t/; 16.included /id/; 17.locked /t/; 18.travelled /d/.

Ex. 61 Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the verb in brackets:

1. went, 2. worked, 3. finished, 4. arrived, 5. rode, 6. left, 7. made, 8. started, 9. died, 10. did.

Ex. 62 Give complete answers to these questions using the time references in brackets:

1.I worked as a civil servant five years ago.

2.I last played football when I was 14.

3.The Carters left for their summer holiday last night.

4.John arrived at 4.

5.I last saw “Gone with the Wind” recently.

6.I/We waited at the airport till they arrived.

7.Sally told me/us about her engagement when she was here.

Ex. 63 Match the parts of broken sentences. Give the Present Simple of the verbs:

1.– 6. – 7. He bought a house in the country.

2.– 5. – 4. I took a taxi to the airport.

3.– 1. – 1. We made bacon and eggs for breakfast.

4.– 7. – 5. They walked their dog in the park.

5.– 4. – 6. He left home two years ago.

6.– 3. – 2. I borrowed this book from the library.

7.– 2. – 3. They had a biscuit with their coffee.

224

Ex. 64 Fill in the spaces with the Past Simple of the verbs given in brackets: overslept, missed, slipped, sprained, skinned, broke, lost, got, kicked, stubbed,

bought, didn’t write, took, had, went, locked, crawled.

1.9. THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

Ex. 68 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Progressive Tense:

1. were you doing, was playing, was listening; 2. were talking; 3. was studying; 4. Were you talking to, was talking; 5. were you living; 6. was sitting; 7. were doing; 8. was saying, 9. was learning; 10. was practicing; 11. was working; 12. were bathing, were playing; 13. was working; 14. Were sitting; 15. was going; 16. was raining; 17. was playing; 18. was playing; 19. were fishing; 20. was living; 21. was climbing; 22. was eating; 23. was walking; 24. was travelling.

1.10. COMPARISON OF THE PAST SIMPLE

AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

Ex. 72 Use the Past Progressive or the Past Simple Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. was writing, saw; 2. fell, was changing; 3. went, was studying; 4. was rising, woke up; 5. was going, was shining, were singing; 6. was not driving, happened; 7. was listening, rang; 8. heard, was ringing, came up, opened, saw, looked, saw, was running away; 9. were playing, jumped off, was going; 10. flew off, was crossing; 11. did you explain; 12. did not look; 13. was, was sitting … and laughing, seemed; 14. was enjoying, was not; 15. was singing, was trying; 16. went, felt; 17. was standing … and looking, drove; 18.had, was laughing; 19.moved, was coming; 20.was waiting, arrived; 21.was, was…teasing; 22.wanted, were coming; 23.saw, become; 24.was having, started; 25.walked, was not working; 26.looked, was coming; 27.led; 28.found, was speaking; 29.was, were shaking; 30.was, was acting, was amusing;

225

31.were joining; 32.knew, were going; 33.had, was…asking; 34.noticed, was standing, was talking; 35.came, was searching, carried, was…losing.

Ex. 73 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets:

Ex. 75 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Progressive:

1. was writing, saw; 2. was doing, were playing; 3. fell, was running; 4. were singing, came; 5. was giving, walked; 6. rang, was working; 7. was doing, came; 8. was wearing, met; 9. were still writing, rang; 10. was walking, saw; 11. was lying, came; 12. was rising, woke; 13. was asleep, came; 14. was reading, heard; 15. was raining, went out; 16. were listening, rang; 17. was fishing, fell; 18. was cooking, came; 19. saw, were waiting; 20. went, was studying/ studied; 21. fell, broke, was playing; 22. jumped, was going; 23. shot, killed, was jumping/ jumped; 24. sang, was cooking; 25. went, was raining/ rained; 26. saw, were crossing; 27. found, was digging; 28. went out, was shining, were singing, walked, was sitting, hid, began, ran, fell, was running; 29. was lying, heard, opened, was opening, tried, climbed, crept, was standing, saw, was moving, was holding, knew, were looking; 30. was reading, heard, opened, was, shut, saw, was trying, jumped, ran, was getting, caught.

1.11. COMPARISON OF THE PAST SIMPLE, THE PRESENT SIMPLE

AND THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Ex. 77 Choose the correct sentence or phrase for the situation:

1 – a), 2 – b), 3 – a), 4 – b).

226

Ex. 78 Read the text. Correct the underlined parts if necessary.

1. left, 2. had, 3. liked very much, 4. spent, 5. travelled, 6. thought.

Ex. 79 Match the beginning of each sentence with its correct ending a or b:

1 – b), 2 – a), 3 – a), 4 – b), 5 – b), 6 – a), 7 – b), 8 – a).

Ex. 80 Put the beginnings and ends together:

1. b, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. b, 10. a, 11. a, 12. b

Ex. 81 Put the following words and phrases into the proper sentences. Sometimes a phrase can enter more than one sentence.

Bill has worked here for 5 years, 2 months, a long time, 2 hours.

Bill has worked here since 1987, Easter, he left school, 2 o'clock, Monday, this summer.

Bill worked here in 1987, at the beginning of the term, before that, 5 years ago, at Easter, for 2 months last year, for a long time and then he retired, for 2 hours and got tired, on Monday, on Saturday nights, in the daytime, all through the day, this summer.

Ex. 82 Rewrite the sentences following the pattern it is ... since (possible answers):

1.It's three years since I have been to an eye-specialist.

2.It's two years since I left school.

3.It's a month since my father has smoked.

4.It's 22 years since John Lennon was shot.

5.It's eleven years since the company last made a profit.

6.It's two months since I last had a cold.

7.It's eight years since we have corresponded.

8.It's 30 years since I have been to Irkutsk.

9.It's a week since my friend last phoned me.

227

10.It's 127 years since Alexander Bell invented his talking machine.

11.It's a year since he had a car accident.

12.It's a month since I lost my job.

13.It's a year since I've been out of work.

14.It's a fortnight since we have heard from him.

15.It's 15 years since she has taken exams.

Ex. 86 Complete the sentences with appropriate verbs. Use either the Present Perfect Simple or the Past Simple.

1. have you put off, 2. has left, 3. waited, 4. have waited, 5. reached, 6. haven't tidied, 7. has broken, 8. had, 9. saw, 10. were not, left, 11. took, 12. has put on, 13. haven't been able, 14. has been, 15. has invited, 16. invited.

Ex. 87 Put a tick (\/) if the sentence is right and correct it if it is wrong:

1. —, 2. —, 3. had dinner, 4. —, 5. It is a year, 6. haven't ridden, 7. escaped, 8. —, 9.—, 10. used, 11. —, 12. —, 13. has played, 14. — / have hurt, 15.—, 16. —.

Ex. 88 Here are some notes on the use of the Present Perfect Simple and the Past Simple. Write the numbers of the notes in the correct part of the notebook:

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: 1, 2, 4. PAST SIMPLE: 3.

Ex. 89 Here are some statements about Britain. Correct any of the verbs in italics which are incorrect:

1. has been, 2. , 3. visited, 4. has gone

Ex. 90 This is an excerpt from a tennis championship commentary. Complete the commentary using the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple, the Present Perfect Simple or the Past Simple:

1. started; 2. was, 3. trained; 4. has trained; 5. has played; 6. is; 7. plays; 8. is throwing; 9. has been; 10. did not see.

228

1.14. COMPARISON OF THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Ex. 105 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Progressive:

1) hadn’t slept; 2) had had; 3) had eaten; 4) had only been driving; 5) had left; 6) had locked; 7) had been trying / had tried; 8) had been calling / had called.

Ex. 106 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Progressive:

1.1)had just gone; 2) had been standing; 3) had escaped.

2.1) had done; 2) had planned; 3) had been waiting.

Ex. 107 Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the tense in brackets:

1. had finished, 2. had started, 3. had seen, 4. had repaired, 5. had eaten, 6. had never flown, 7. had forgotten.

Ex. 108 Choose the most appropriate endings:

1. a, 2.b, 3.b, 4. a, 5. a, 6.b, 7. b, 8. a,

9. b, 10. a, 11. a, 12. b,13. a, 14. b, 15. a, 16. b.

1.15. REVISION OF PAST TENSES IN THE ACTIVE VOICE

Ex. 114 Put the verbs in brackets in either the Past Simple or the Past Progressive tense. Put any other words in the brackets in the correct place. Look at the example provided.

1. was living, met; 2. Weren’t you working, had; 3. got, became; 4. heard, was going; 5. went, left; 6. lived, were always having; 7. was hoping; 8. was living, was published; 9. saw, was blowing, were gathering; 10. were lying, was working; 11.

229

rang, picked, put; 12. never understood; 13. worked, went; 14. was, always went, really loved, often rained.

Ex. 115 In the following text fill in the spaces with an appropriate form of the

Past Perfect Simple, the Past Perfect Progressive, the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verb in brackets. The first one has been done for you.

2. turned up; 3. said; 4. had seen; 5. didn’t find; 6. had been blowing; 7. (had) called; 8. was lying; 9. had been driving; 10. (had) appeared; 11. (had) braked; 12. (had) skidded; 13. (had) managed; 14. was filling up; 15. was wearing; 16. had tied; 17. was pulling; 18. opened; 19. jumped; 20. had swum.

1.16. REVISION OF PRESENT AND PAST TENSES

Ex. 117 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple, the Present Perfect Progressive, the Past Simple, Past Progressive or the Past Perfect Simple:

1. went, 2. booked, 3. has spoken/ has been speaking, 4. have you visited, 5. opened, 6. worked/ was working, 7. bought/ had bought, 8. have learnt.

Ex. 118 Explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each pair:

1.a) The speaker is giving a reason why they felt not at that time in the past by referring to the activity that led up to it.

b)The speaker is referring to one particular occasion that occurred at an unspecified time in the past which resulted in discovering Jim was a cheat.

2.a) This sentence refers to an activity that has continued from an unspecified time in the past until now. The activity is not finished.

b)This refers to the present result of something completed at an unspecified time in the past.

3.a) The speaker has repeatedly phoned, but without success.

b)The speaker phoned once at an unspecified time in the past.

4.a) This sentence refers to an activity that continued up to an unspecified time in

230