Posobie po grammatike

2.1.5 billion pounds was spent on its development. How much ______________ ?

3.Twenty planes have been built altogether. How many _____________ ?

4.The Houses of Parliament were built in the 19th century. When ________________ ?

5.Twenty people were hurt in the train crash. How many ____________ ?

6.Champagne is produced in France. Where ________________ ?

7.She was fined $300 for speeding. How much _____________ ?

8.School teachers are paid about $80,000 a year. How much ______________ ?

9.Our post is delivered twice a day. How often ______________ ?

10.Three teenagers were given an award for bravery yesterday. Why _________________ ?

Ex. 192 Correct the sentences:

1.Paper is made from plastic.

Paper isn’t made from plastic. It’s made from wood.

2.President Kennedy was killed in New York.

___________________________________

3.Coffee is grown in Scotland.

___________________________________

4.Sunflowers was painted by Renoir.

___________________________________

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5.The Berlin Wall was knocked down in 1982.

___________________________________

6.The 2000 Olympic Games were held in New Zealand.

___________________________________

7.Rolls-Royce cars are made in Japan.

___________________________________

8.Coca-Cola has been produced for over 200 years.

___________________________________

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3. REVISION OF TENSES

Ex. 193 Use the verbs in the Perfect Simple or the Perfect Progressive, in the

Active or the Passive Voice:

1.You’ll like Clare, she is one of the nicest people I _____ (ever meet).

2.Do you realize that next Friday is 18 August, and then we _____ (know) each other for four years?

3.My brother ______ (change) so much since our last meeting that I hardly recognized him.

4.The garden looks so much better now that all that rubbish _____ (take away).

5.Let’s meet up after I come back from my holiday – we’d better not say Monday 19th, because I _____ (only just/ get back). What about the following Thursday?

6.She was horrified to discover, on returning home, that her entire flat _____

(ransack).

7.I found my first few weeks at the office very tiring because I _____ (never/ have) a full-time job before.

8.Bonfire night _____ (celebrate) throughout Britain since the start of the 17th century.

Ex. 194 Is there any difference in meaning between the pairs of sentences 1-4? In which contexts might you see or hear sentences like these? Why is the agent necessary in 3b, but not in the other passive sentences?

1.a) They’ll make a statement in Parliament tomorrow.

b)A statement will be made in Parliament tomorrow.

2.a) Someone murdered a man outside his house in Newgate last night.

b)A man was murdered outside his house in Newgate last night

3.a) An expert in the field of information technology will give a talk.

b)A talk will be given by an expert in the field of information technology.

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4.a) We poured the liquid into a test tube and then heated it. b) The liquid was poured into a test tube and then heated.

Ex. 195 Translate the sentences into English using the words in brackets for those in bold. You are free to put the verbs given in brackets into the necessary voice, aspect and tense form.

Model:

Когда-то Джорж жаловался, что обслуживание в этом ресторане очень медленное. (be slow) – George used to complain that the service in this restaurant was too slow.

1.Пассажиров просят не курить. (request)

2.Ты вечно оставляешь окно открытым! В комнате и так холодно. (leave)

3.Ты думаешь, что закончишь работу к четвергу? (finish)

4.Теплоход отходит через десять минут, так что у нас еще есть время. (leave)

5.Когда полиция прибыла, преступники уже скрылись. (arrive, disappear)

6.Когда ты видел Билла? – Я еще не видел у него. (see)

7.Ты устал? – Да, я весь день ходил по магазинам. (do shopping)

8.Кто взял мою ручку? Она только что здесь была. (take, be)

9.Что Вы делали вчера вечером между семью и восемью часами? (do)

10.Туман нарастал, поэтому рейс был задержан. (get foggier, delay) 11.Моя машина сейчас в ремонте, так что я сейчас езжу на автобусе. (go) 12.Во вторник у меня здесь важная встреча, так что к этому времени я уже

приеду. (have, return)

13.Простите, что задержал Вас. Вы долго ждали? (wait)

14.Я выглянул из окна и увидел, что пролетаю над городом. (look, fly)

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Ex. 196 In the following sentences put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (tense, aspect, voice) according to the context. You may need to put the auxiliaries before the subjects.

1.I hope I (get) a better job next week.

2.I’m sorry we can’t come to the party on Saturday. We (have) dinner with some old friends.

3.You always (use) my razor, why not buy one of your own?

4.Don’t forget, the coach (leave) at 6.45 tomorrow morning, so you’d better get an early night.

5.When the phone (ring), she picked up the receiver and put it down again.

6.You (work) at Millroy’s when they had that terrible fire?

7.You see, the ground is wet. It (rain).

8.It’s definitely our favourite film, we (see) it six times.

9.The successful applicant (inform) by the end of last month.

10.I see they still (not repair) that hole.

11.Well, it’s a nice car. I (think) of buying it.

12.Children (not allow) onto the playground unless accompanied by adults.

13.Hugo (break) his leg so he can’t go skiing next week.

14.We (walk) through the forest for two or three hours when we realized we were lost.

15.The soup (not smell) too fresh – you’d better throw it out.

16.I turned left to avoid collision, but that car (come) too close, so it hit mine.

17.You are so suntanned. I heard you (go) to Greece for a week. How do you like

it?

18.You said you (want) me to come on Sunday, so I did. And where were you?

Ex. 197 With each gapped sentence put the verb in brackets into the correct form (tense, aspect, voice) so that it is similar in meaning to the sentence in bold type above:

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1.The weather is very rainy here.

It (rain) nearly every day here.

2.Frequent visits to the seaside is one of the things I remember about my childhood.

When we were children we usually (go) to the seaside.

3.Spending all day travelling resulted in her exhaustion.

She was tired because she (travel) all day.

4.She refused to have a drink with me because she was busy.

I invited her out for a drink, but she (work), so she couldn’t.

5.I would like to tell you that Phil’s new novel is ready.

Do you know that Phil (write) a new novel?

6.I am from Manchester, it is only on a visit that I am in Glasgow.

I (live) in Manchester, but I (stay) in Glasgow at the moment.

7.His Swahili is a result of his previous visits to Eastern Africa.

He (be) to Eastern Africa several times, so he speaks quite good Swahili.

8.Our meetings with Mary are more frequent than normally.

I (see) a lot of Mary these days.

9.According to the plan, the book must come out next month.

The book (publish) next month.

10.This is the sixth week that I have this job.

I (work) here for nearly six months.

11.Your behavior is unusually egoistic at the moment.

You (be) selfish!

12.The plane’s departure is scheduled for five.

The plane (leave) at five.

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13.The construction of the shop is expected to be finished by January.

I believe they (build) the shop by January.

14.My recent impression of Jane is that of a steady late-comer.

It seems like Jane (be) late for every class so far.

Ex. 198 Fill in the missing words in the following text about Henry Ford, the founder of Ford cars:

Fired For Giving a Present

Henry Ford, the founder of mass car production, was not the easiest of people to work for. He (1) ______ chewing gum, so he (2) ______ it in his factories. Any worker who disobeyed was sent to chew in the street for an hour without pay. Ford also (3) ______ complete silence and men (4) ______ to whistle, sing or talk at their work.

One man who (5) ______ asked what he had done wrong. He was shown two photographs of himself taken by a factory spy. One showed him speaking to a colleague. In the other he was looking into a doorway that workers were not allowed to pass through.

Ford ruled that when the starting bell (6) ______ , men should already be standing by their machines, (7) ______ their overalls. They had to hang their street clothes on hooks that were immediately whisked high out of reach. To prevent anybody going home early, the hooks weren’t allowed until the end of the day.

No chairs (8) ______ but a worker found sitting on the floor or leaning against his machine was sacked. Employees who (9) ______ to wear their personal badges could be sent home for up to a fortnight.

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In spite of these rules, people clamoured for work because jobs in the 1920s were hard to come by and Ford paid well.

A teenager was so grateful at being hired that he bought his foreman a present. He was presently dismissed because it was against the rules to make a gift to a superior. That was his lesson. When he (10) ______ it, Ford gave him back his job.

Ex. 199 Complete the text using the correct form and the tense of the verbs in brackets:

The hills round Rome were free from malaria, but it (1) ______ (be) endemic in other areas. Slave labour (2) _____ (use) to farm the areas of land which (3) _____

(affect). The disease (4) _____ (give) its name from the Latin for “bad air”, which (5)

_____ (wrongly/ think) to be the cause of malaria until 1880. Italian scientists (6)

_____ (now/ show) that falciparum malaria, the particularly deadly strain which (7)

_____ (find) by Dr Sallares, (8) _____ (arrive) in Rome from Africa via Sardinia. Historians (9) ____ (also/ find) written records of pestilence spreading through the country and causing ‘sweats and chills’ – symptoms typical of malaria. Archeologist Professor David Soren from the University of Arizona said that the discovery was ‘really exciting’. He added: ‘The idea that this deadly type of malaria really existed in imperial Rome (10) _____ (never/ prove) before’.

Ex. 200 Fill in the missing verbs in the jokes below. Choose from the following. Use each verb once only. Make sure you choose the correct tense of the verb.

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Joke 1

I once knew a man who ______ a plot of land at the North Pole. He thought it was the ideal place to grow frozen peas.

Joke 2

A man ______ my uncle from drowning. He dragged him out of the sea, ______

him on the beach and said, “I’ll give you artificial respiration”. My uncle said, “No, give me the real thing. I’ll pay for it.”

Joke 3

Teacher: Why aren’t you writing, John? John: I ain’t got no pencil, sir.

Teacher: You ain’t got no pencil? You haven’t got a pencil, you mean.

John: Sir?

Teacher: I haven’t got a pencil, he hasn’t got a pencil, she hasn’t got a pencil, we haven’t got any pencils.

John: Blimey – who’s ______ all the pencils?

Joke 4

1st dog owner: Tell me, has your dog got a family tree?

2nd dog owner: No, our dog doesn’t mind which tree he _______ .

Joke 5

‘When I was on holiday at the seaside last year a crab ______ off one of my toes!’ ‘Which one?’

‘I don’t know. They all look alike to me.’

Joke 6

Singer: Do you like music?

Conductor: Yes. But please finish the song you ______ .

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Joke 7

Son: I ______ by a wasp!

Father: Don’t worry. I’ll put some special cream on it.

Son: That’s no good. It ______ away now.

Joke 8

Janet: I ______ homesick.

George: But you are at home.

Janet: I know. But I’m sick of it.

Joke 9

‘My uncle ______ boomerang that wouldn’t come back.’ ‘What did he call it?’

‘A stick.’

Joke 10

The phone in the maternity ward of the hospital ______ and an excited voice said: ‘I ______ in my wife. She’s going to have a baby.’

‘Is this her first baby?’, asked the nurse. ‘No, this is her husband!’

Joke 11

My mum had triplets once. The nurse came in with all three babies in her hands. She said to my dad, ‘What do you think?’ He said, ‘I ______ the middle one.’

Joke 12

‘Doctor, these pills you gave me aren’t doing me any good.’ ‘______ you ______ two on an empty stomach, as I told you to?’ ‘Yes, doctor. But they kept rolling off!’

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