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III. Language development

1. Find the English equivalent for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations.

1. Хімічна речовина:

a) chemical substance

b) chemical suppository

c) chemical solution

2. Джерело:

a) origin

b) effect

c) nature

3. Отримувати:

a) to retain

b) to sustain

c) to obtain

4. Поглинання:

a) contribution

b) absorption

c) contraindication

5. Взаємодія:

a) antidote

c) subdivision

b) interaction

6. Шкідливий:

a) destroying

b) harmful

c) harmless

7. Небажаний:

a) undone

b) undesirable

c) intolerable

8. Розлад:

a) disorder

b) dyscrasia

c) effort

9. Жовтяниця:

a) collagen disorder

b) jaundice

c) obstruction

10. Приписувати:

a) to prescribe

b) to produce

c) to provide

2. Match the synonyms.

1. to obtain

a. to occupy

2. to contain

b. elimination

3. to store

c. to keep

4. effect

d. to comprise

5. to involve

e. to get, gain

6. removal

f. damaging

7. to include

g. action

8. harmful

h. to enclose

9. to require

i. to counteract

10. to neutralize

j. to need

3. Find the most general word in each row.

  1. antibiotics, penicillin, drugs, vitamins;

  2. roots, fruit, leave, plants;

  3. chemotherapy, pharmacology, toxicology;

  4. DNA, organelle, RNA, mitochondria;

  5. parasite, plant, organism, animal.

4. Match the words with their definitions.

1. drug

a. a protein enhancing chemicals

2. glands

b. a substance having an opposite effect

3. root

c. a drug against microorganisms

4. antidote

d. the endocrine organs

5. antibiotic

e. a plant organ

6. DNA

f. medicine

7. enzyme

g. a substance containing all the genetic information

5. Complete the sentences.

  1. The drugs obtained from plant parts are ... .

  2. The drugs obtained from animals are ... .

  3. Chemically synthesized drugs are ... .

  4. Pharmacology studies ....

  5. The interaction of drugs and cells is studied ....

  6. Chemotherapy includes ....

  7. Toxicology is ... .

  8. Pharmacogenetics deals with ....

6. Answer the questions.

  1. What are drugs?

  2. How can drugs be obtained?

  3. What are drugs synthesized from?

  4. What does pharmacology study?

  5. What are the branches of pharmacology?

  6. What is molecular pharmacology concerned with?

  7. When is chemotherapy indicated?

  8. Why is it necessary to hold investigations on antidotes?

  9. Which drugs are safer: natural or chemically synthesized?

  10. What does medical pharmacology study?

7. Correct the wrong statements.

  1. Drugs are nuclear substances used in medicine in the treatment of diseases.

  2. The field of medicine which studies drugs, their nature, origin, and effect in the body is called pharmocodynamics.

  1. Scientists interested in pharmacodymanics study drug toxicity.

  2. Chemotherapy includes treatment of mental disorders only.

  3. Toxicological studies in animals are prohibited by law.

  1. Disorders directly resulting from diagnostic or therapeutic efforts of a physician are known as humanistic.

  2. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia are common contraindications to the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer.

  3. Among the most dangerous toxic complications of drug usage are AIDS and cardiovascular diseases.

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