III. Post-reading activites.

1. Answer the following questions.

1. Why does the body need energy?

2. Where does the process of digestion begin?

3. What happens after the food is swallowed?

4. What juice accelerates the digestion of food?

5. What is the way of food after it passes the stomach?

6. Where does the blood distribute the nutrients?

7. What happened in the small intestine?

8. Can you name the organs which are not part of the alimentary canal, but these organs are essential to digestion?

9. What happened after the food passes into the large intestine?

2. Put the sentences in the right order.

1. The partly digested food passes from the stomach into the small intestine.

2. Waste products are eliminated from the body.

3. Digestion begins in the mouth.

4. After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the large intestine.

5. After the food is swallowed, it passes through the esophagus to the stomach.

3. Match the terms and their definitions.

1. A digestive chemical that is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and secreted into the small intestine. 2. Food in the stomach that is partly digested and mixed with stomach acids. 3. The flap at the back of the tongue that keeps chewed food from going down the windpipe to the lungs. 4. Glands located in the mouth that produce saliva. 5. The opening at the end of the digestive system from which feces (waste) exits the body. 6. A small sac located on the cecum. 7. The first part of the digestive system, where food enters the body. 8. Largest region of the large intestine, divided into four sections: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. 9. Roof of the mouth, divided into hard and soft portions, that separates the mouth from the nasal cavities. 10. Small projections on the upper surface of the tongue that contain taste buds.

a) appendix; b) papilla; c) colon; d) bile; e) salivary glands;

f) anus; g) palate; h) chime; i) epiglottis; j) mouth

4. Study some terms denoting digestive system disorders, but first match the terms and their definitions.

Hepatitis Gallstones Appendicitis Ulcer (digestive) Cirrhosis Anorexia nervosa

Eating disorder usually occurring in young women that is characterized by an abnormal fear of becoming obese, a persistent aversion to food, and severe weight loss. Inflammation of the appendix. Chronic disease of the liver in which normal liver cells are damaged and then replaced by scar tissue. Solid crystal deposits that form in the gall bladder. Inflammation of the liver, caused mainly by a virus. Any sore that develops in the lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.

5. Write a short summary of the text.

IV. Speaking.

Make a dialogue between a gastroenterologist and a patient. Here is vo­cabulary for you to speak about digestive tract problems.

QUESTIONS Do you have any pain in your abdomen? Have you lost your appetite? Do you have any difficulties in swallowing? Did you feel sick recently? Have you lost/put on weight? Do you have regular bowel movements? How often do you go to the toilet? Have you noticed any blood in your stools?

INSTRUCTIONS Please lie down on your back and rest both arms alongside your body. Now I want to tap on your belly. When I push here and let loose suddenly, does it hurt? Please relax and try to let your belly go soft.