Speaking:

Exercise 7. Make an abstract of two texts, using vocabulary and tell about:

1. why electrocution is dangerous;

2. specific danger by interrelating electric current and water conditions;

3. the behavior while working with electrical equipment in flooded areas;

4. the caution и contact with power lines;

5. the reasons of electrocution at home;

6. the measures connected with electrical appliances in order to avoid accident;

Checklist for Section IV

1. How is Participle I translated into Russian in the function of adverbial modifier of time?

2. What is the role of prefixes re-, de- in word – formation?

3. What is the danger of electric current in the flooded areas?

4. What precautions should be observed while working in the zone of electrical hazards and at home?

Section V

Grammar: Forms of Participle I.

Word-formation: Suffixes –able, -ible.

Speaking: The notion of noise.

Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:

notion	понятие
to confuse	смешивать, спутывать, приводить в беспорядок
confused	беспорядочный
fatigue	[fə′tI:g] усталость, утомление
thunderstorm	гроза, буря
lightning	молния
to emit	излучать, испускать
crackle	потрескивание, треск
to upset	расстраивать, огорчать, выводить из душевного равновесия
to expose	подвергать

Vocabulary development: word building:

Exercise 1. Translate the original and derivative words:

verb	noun (abstract)	noun (person)	adjective adverb
-	notion	notionalist	notional
to define	defintion	-	definable
to confuse	confusion	-	confusedly (adv)
to communicate	communication communicator	-	communicative
to interrupt	interruption interrupter	-	-
to transmit	transmission transmitter	-	transmissible
to expose	exposition	expositor	expositive expository
to originate	origin origination originality original	originator	originative original

Text Noise

The notion “noise” can be defined as any loud and unpleasant sound, especially confused or disagreeable. Noise may be scientifically – based or life – conditioned. The former refers to as any factor in the communication process that interferes with exchanging messages and achieving common meaning. Noise can range from interruptions while the sender is encoding a message being transmitted to fatigue on the part of receiver while decoding takes place. Thus, noise can occur during any stage of the communication process.

The other noise natural sources are thunderstorms and lightnings. Thunderstorms are considered to be electromagnetically noisy environments. Lightning, in particular, emits large amounts of radio-frequency noise, causing the familiar crackle on AM radios many kilometers away.

In ordinary life noise is all around us and usually we do not notice it. But sometimes it gets too loud for comfort. The noise of traffic in cities, of motorways through the country, of aeroplanes makes life not so pleasant for thousands of people. Loud music is not just unpleasant, it can make people ill. Some people become very nervous and upset because of all these noises. They may have to take drugs to keep calm and get asleep at night.

Noise may be of production origin and people who are exposed to loud noises during productive process all the time run the risk of going deaf. It is necessary to become aware of the threats to our environment. Although noise is not a chemical and cannot be seen, it is a kind of pollution, because it is harmful to the health.