1. Укажите номера русских эквивалентов.

1. ultimately, 2. essentially, 3. in addition, 4. thus, 5. along with

1. наряду с, 2. таким образом, 3. в конечном счете, 4. по существу, 5. кроме

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания.

food pastes; macaroni products; uniform cross-sectional shape; initial pasty mass; temperature control; multi-purpose machine; ready-to-eat foods; food processing operations; high-quality protein sources; protein-rich sources; low-cost processing system; low-cost extruder cookers; low-cost extruder cookers approach; mechanical energy inputs; soy-or cottonseed-based foods

Прочитайте и устно переведите текст А₅. Выпишите незнакомые слова

Text A₅ EXTRUDING AS ONE OF OPERATIONS

In food processing

Food pastes include such products as macaroni, spaghetti, noodles, and vermicelli. Such products are called pasta. Italy is considered to be the place of origin of macaroni products. Pasta is manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. One of the main stages in pasta manufacturing is extruding. It should produce pasta of a uniform cross sectional shape¹and length, these characteristics are imparted by forcing an initial pasty mass through the dies of an extruder. For decades, the importance of temperature control to the operation has been highly valued. Extruders were jacketed to provide heating (sometimes cooling). These practices led to consideration of the extruder as a multi-purpose machine – heater, cooler, mixer, as well as a device for forming products like pasta.

Since extruding is used so widely for numerous food products (besides pasta, for example, for meat and fish products, ready-to-eat foods) it can be classified as one of the unit food processing operations.

During the last several years, interest has been shown in adding high-quality protein sources (milk powder, dried milk, whey, fish flour) and protein-rich sources (soy flour, soy concentrate, yeast protein, etc.) to extruded pasta products. Besides, food manufacturers have developed a number of blends, for example, a blend of cereals and legumes. In order to process blended foods, it was necessary to have a simple, rugged (прочный) and low-cost processing system. This necessity has resulted in designing low-cost extruder cookers (LEC).

The low-cost extruders differ from typical extruders in that the extrusion requires little added water, thus eliminating redrying after extrusion. In addition, all of the heat energy comes from the slow dissipation (рассеяние) of mechanical energy. Thus, no steam or auxiliary heat is required on the extruder barrel. One advantage of the LEC approach (метод) with soy–or cottonseed-based foods is that it offers a means of introducing high-quality protein, much needed food energy, along with vitamins and minerals into the diet at low cost.

1 – одинаковой формы в поперечном сечении; единообразный профиль

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Приведите в соответствие слова левой колонки со словами правой.

food pasty pasta multi–purpose uniform high–quality protein–-rich cereals and legumes low–cost processing LEC extruder ready–to–eat

protein shape barrel machine pastes system extruders approach foods blend products sources mass

2. Найдите в тексте синонимы выделенных слов.

Italy is regarded to be the birthplace of macaroni products; pasta is produced in a broad variety of forms; pasty mass is forced through the moulds of an extruder; the significance of temperature control has been highly estimated; interest stimulated by the requirement for improved alimentation; a mixture of cereals and legumes; the necessity has resulted in inventing cheap extruder cookers; one of the merits of the LEC method

3. Укажите номера пропущенных слов в данных предложениях.

1. Italy is considered to be the place of … of macaroni products. 2. Pasta is manufactured in a wide … of sizes and shapes. 3. These characteristics are imparted by forcing an … pasty mass through the … of an extruder. 4. Extruders were … to provide heating. 5. Extruding can be classified as one of the … food processing operations. 6. Interest has been shown in adding high-quality protein … to … pasta products. 7. In order to process … foods, it was necessary to have a simple, rugged … processing system. 8. New extruders … little added water, thus … redrying after extrusion. 9. All of the heat energy comes from the slow … of mechanical energy. 10. One advantage of the LEC approach with soy-or cottonseed-based foods is that it offers a … of introducing high-quality protein into the diet at low cost.

1. jacketed; 2. require, eliminating; 3. sources, extruded; 4. dissipation; 5. initial, dies; 6. variety; 7. means; 8. origin; 9. unit; 10. blended, low–cost

4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What products do food pastes include? 2. What country is considered as the birthplace of macaroni products? 3. What characteristics are imparted to pasta by means of extruding? 4. What are the functions of an extruder? 5. Why can extruding be classified as one of the unit food processing operations? 6. What branches of food production is extruding used in? 7. What is added to extruder pasta products to make them more nutritious? 8. Why do food manufacturers need low-cost extruder cookers? 9. What is the difference between typical and low-cost extruders? 10. What advantage is achieved by using the LEC approach with soyor-cottonseed-based foods?

5. Кратко расскажите по–английски:

а) об экструзии как одной из составных операций пищевых производств (ее принципе действия и области применения);

б) о преимуществах нового типа экструдера.