Technologies for wastewater treatment include:

• pre-treatment: mechanical separation of coarse particles

• primary treatment: removal of suspended solids by physical or physical-chemical treatment. Also includes neutralization, stripping and removal of oil and grease.

• secondary treatment: elimination of colloids from wastewater by chemical or biological processes.

• tertiary treatment: physical and chemical processes to eliminate defined pollutants such as phosphate, ammonia, heavy metals, etc.

• The main technologies of wastewater include:

• mechanical treatment: that leads to the separation of wastewater components due to particle size or density differences to water. These are usually coarse, floating or sedimenting particles and liquid layers like oil or grease films.

• Biological treatment.

• Physical-chemical treatment.

Agro-food industry generates high volume of wastewater and high amounts of solid waste that causes environmental problems and means cost for companies in terms that it has to be managed. The focus should always be on prevention, as it is always more economic to prevent and reduce waste than to clean it up.

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Образуйте глаголы от следующих слов и переведите их.

avoidance, prevention, management, utilization, recycling, approval, treatment, digestion, stripping, sedimenting

2. Укажите номера синонимичных пар.

1. drink, 2. processing, 3. hazardous, 4. amount, 5. generate, 6. screening, 7. dump,

8. eliminate

1. produce, 2. quantity, 3. sifting, 4. treatment, 5. discharge, 6. beverage, 7. reduce,

8. harmful

3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What are the main tasks in food industry ecology? 2. What is the difference between waste prevention and waste minimization? 3. What forms are the wastes in?

4. What are the main technologies of wastewater? 5. What is more profitable to prevent and reduce wastes or to clean them up? Why? What do you think?

4. Укажите номера пропущенных слов в следующих предложениях и переведите их.

1. Food industry produce large quantities of … . 2. A key task is to avoid … . 3. The realization of industrial ecology can be carried out by means of …, the utilization of … . 4. The wastes of food industry are sometimes rich in … . 5. The main problem in food industry ecology is … . 6. Waste minimization concerns waste management measures, … and recycling. 7. It is possible to realize the preservation of … . 8. Food industry produces large amounts of wastes that bring about … .

1. the controlling of raw material and water; by-products; 2. food approval and safety; 3. hazardous wastes; 4. the quality improvements; 5. pollution; 6. valuable compounds; 7. embedded utilities 8. environmental problems

5. Расскажите об основных проблемах в пищевой промышленности, связанных с экологией.

Грамматическая тема «НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА»

1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на причастие и причастные обороты.

1. Machines having being introduced into milling, this process became much more efficient and productive. 2. In the past the chief ingredient being sugar, the fundamental processes of candy making have much in common. 3. Macaroni consumption rising in most countries, the consumers’ recognition of them is changing nowadays. 4. Ancient traders having brought grapes to France by 600 B.C., grape cultures began rapidly spreading throughout Europe. 5. Different pollutants having being eliminated from wastewater, it can be re-used. 6. Being the main branches of food industry, bakery malt and soft drinks industries cause a lot of waste problems. 7. Food industries choosing non-toxic materials in designing products, food safety is achieved.