- •Unit 1 free enterprise system
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1 Translate the following combinations into Russian.
- •2 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous task.
- •3 Study the new words and make your own sentences with them.
- •4Translate into English using the expressions from the previous tasks.
- •5 How would you serve your customer?
- •Social and business skills Breaking the ice
- •3 Write the letters of the phrases in the appropriate place.
- •Introductory questions Being more specific Asking for an opinion
- •4 Match the conversational exchanges.
- •Reading
- •I The Pillars of Free Enterprise
- •1 What are the “pillars” of American economic system?
- •2 What does the right to private property give the owners of natural resources and capital? Why?
- •Free Enterprise: the Theory and the Reality
- •1What is the essence of the term “laissez faire”?
- •2 What are the three levels of American government?
- •3 In what cases does the government show its power?
- •1 What is the role of prices in American economic system?
- •2 Why is American economic system called price-directed system?
- •3 What are the fundamental questions that price system provides the answers to?
- •1 What does competition refer to?
- •Active vocabulary
- •1 Translate the following combinations into Russian.
- •2 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous task.
- •3 Study the new words and make your own sentences with them.
- •4 Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
- •5 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous tasks.
- •6 Answer the questions.
- •Social and business skills Arrangements
- •1 Read the extract and answer these questions.
- •3 You will hear an imaginary alternative version of the conversation in the book. Listen and compare your choices.
- •5 Match the sentences with the headings.
- •6 Food and drink. Match the two parts of the conversational exchange.
- •Reading
- •I Forms of business organization
- •Unit 3 how to start your own business
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1 Translate the following combinations into Russian.
- •2 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous task.
- •3 Study the new words and make your own sentences with them.
- •4 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous tasks.
- •5 Answer the questions.
- •Social and business skills Making a proposal
- •1 Make a summary of the script.
- •2 Look at the script again and notice how the meeting is structured. In which order do these stages occur?
- •3 Here us some of the language you can use for each of those four stages.
- •Refusing and accepting
- •2 Underline the phrases that he uses to refuse the offer.
- •II Becoming an entrepreneur
- •III Risks and benefits of starting a new business
- •Unit 4 financial institutions
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1 Translate the following combinations into Russian.
- •2 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous task.
- •3 Study the new words and make your own sentences with them.
- •4 Translate into English using the expressions from the previous tasks.
- •5 Match the notion and its definition.
- •6 Define the meaning of the words highlighted in the text.
- •1 Discuss these points.
- •2 Look at the three solutions offered by Patrick Ellis and underline the eight conditional sentences that are used. Which of these sentences describe hypothetical situations?
- •3 Listen and fill in the blank spaces with the correct forms of the verbs.
- •Reading
- •I Functions of a Central Bank
- •II Other Bank Services
- •III Consumer credit
1 Discuss these points.
1 Which of the three approaches do you think would be most effective? Give your reasons.
2 Can you think of any other ways of dealing with the situation? Decide what you would say to this customer.
2 Look at the three solutions offered by Patrick Ellis and underline the eight conditional sentences that are used. Which of these sentences describe hypothetical situations?
3 Listen and fill in the blank spaces with the correct forms of the verbs.
1 If you (buy) this copier from me today I (give) you a two-year guarantee and 15% off the normal purchase price.
2 If I (buy) a new photocopier now my bank manager (go) crazy.
3 What (you say) if I offered you six months’ interest-free credit?
4 If you give) me a two-year guarantee and 15% off and six months’ interest-free credit I (take) one.
4 Sales roles. A You to buy a car. Its price is $9000 but you only want to pay $8000. B You are a secondhand car salesman. Look at these instructions, work out what you will say and then have the conversation.
A B
1 Offers $8000. 2 Refuses offer.
3 Offers $8350. Condition: 4 Refuses offer.
free car radio is included.
5 Offers $8450. Condition: 6 Agrees to a free car radio and
free car radio and a two-year two-year guarantee.
guarantee.
7 Offers $8500. Condition: 8 Agrees.
He can take the car that day.
MAKE UP YOUR OWN SITUATION OF BUSINESS BARGAINING.
Reading
I Functions of a Central Bank
Every country’s central bank watches economic data carefully and adjust the money supply in an effort to keep the economy headed in the right direction. If a central bank allows the economy to expand too rapidly by keeping too much money in circulation, it may cause inflation. If it slows down the economy removing too much money from circulation, an economic recession could result, bringing unemployment and reduced production.
Central banks usually print only enough currency to satisfy the everyday needs of businesses and consumers. Instead of taking deposits and making loans as normal banks do, a central bank controls the economy by increasing or decreasing the country’s money supply. Once customer deposits money in a bank, it becomes available for further lending, a bank’s supply of money for lending is limited by its deposits and its reserve requirements, which are determined by the central bank.
Another way of controlling the money supply is to raise or lower interest rates. When a central bank decides that the economy is growing too slowly, it can reduce the interest rate it charges on the loans to the country’s banks. Alternately, if the economy shows signs of growing too quickly, a central bank can increase the interest rate on its loans to banks, putting the breaks on economic growth.
Probably the most dramatic way of increasing or decreasing the money supply is through open market operations, where a central bank buys and sells large amount of securities, such as government treasury bonds, in the open market.