МД-102 / Subj / 771-Английский язык. Пособие по практической грамматике

Ex. 4. Make up sentences, matching the suggested parts. Give your reasons for the choice made.

Pattern: 1) Dancing is popular in Latin America probably because people are very temperamental there.

2) Dancing gives one a lot of pleasure; you can relax and enjoy music.

Ex. 5. Choose the correct form.

1. We are surprised at his not (coming, having come) yesterday.

2.The teacher is sure of their (passing, having passed) the exam well tomorrow.

3.We rely on your (doing, having done) the work properly next week.

4.She objected to his (being sent, having been sent) there.

5.They insist on (telling, being told) about it.

6.He denies my (seeing, having seen) him yesterday.

7.They rely on your (informing, having informed) everybody tomorrow.

8. Nobody objects to the plan (having been discussed, being discussed) at

the next meeting.

9.They insisted on the work (doing, being done) within this week.

10.He hates (being disturbed, disturbing) people.

Ex. 6. Decide what prepositions are missing in the gaps. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

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1. The success of your business depends much … your kn owing how to manage

Ex.7 . Explain the meaning of the ing-forms in the following word combinations and translate them:

1.an ironing board, an ironing woman;

2.teaching aids, a teaching man;

3.a swimming suit, a swimming girl, swimming the girl…, swimming is...;

4.no laughing matter, a laughing child;

5.landing time, a landing plane;

6.talking points, a talking woman;

7.a driving license, a driving car;

8.a walking stick, walking is..., walking a dog he...;

9.no standing room, standing men;

10.parting words, parting they...

Ex. 8. Answer these questions. Use gerunds. Don’t give one-word answers. Work in pairs.

1.When did you start learning English? What do you think is the best way of learning a foreign language?

2.Do you enjoy watching historical films?

3.What books are worth reading?

4.What are the most popular ways of spending weekends in your family?

5.Which is more satisfying: to give gifts or to receive them?

6.Are you good at solving problems?

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7.Do you have any experience in working with people?

8.You are proud of having the best results in the group, aren't you?

9.Do you think keeping fit is important for a good manager?

10.What questions should people ask themselves before choosing a profession?

11.Why is being a manager a hard work?

12.When you are angry, are you in the habit of raising your voice?

13.You try to use every possible means for developing your professional skills, don’t you?

Ex. 9. Check how good you are at translating. If you have any problems, see grammar commentaries.

1.Just producing creative ideas for advertising is no longer sufficient to become a top marketing executive.

2.Due to the hiring changes major companies have stopped employing.

3.Parliament is responsible for approving new laws (legislation).

4.MPs can assist their constituents in a variety of ways, from making private

enquiries on your behalf, to raising matters publicly in the House of Commons.

5.Sometimes firing can be avoided by transfer to another job.

6. Answering the question whether it is worth starting your own business a person should consider entrepreneurship as a process.

7.The process of managing personnel involves coordinating activities of many people.

8.They are proud of having won the tender, it was a tough competition.

9. Before carrying out the operation one should study all the instructions.

10. An important responsibility of production managers is directing and

supervising the work of the production personnel.

3.The English Sentence. Английское предложение

Главное отличие грамматического строя английского языка от строя русского языка состоит в способах выражения связи слов в предложении. В отличие от русского языка связь слов в английском предложении выражается, главным образом, не изменениями самих слов, а при помощи

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порядка слов. В английском предложении строго фиксированный порядок слов, каждый член предложения (подлежащее, сказуемое, дополнение, определение, обстоятельство) занимает своё место в соответствии с типом предложения.

3.1.Сложноподчиненные предложения и типы придаточных

Сложноподчиненные предложения состоят из главного предложения и одного или нескольких придаточных. Придаточное предложение выполняет в сложном предложении функцию одного из членов предложения: подлежащего, именной части сказуемого, дополнения, определения и обстоятельства и отвечает на те же вопросы, на которые отвечают члены простого предложения: кто?, что?, где?, когда?, почему?, который? и т.п.

Таким образом, можно выделить столько же типов придаточных, сколько

имеется членов предложения.

Умение определять структуру предложения очень важно для правильного перевода текста. Прочитайте внимательно примеры в таблице, сопоставьте английские предложения и их перевод на русский язык, выучите приведённые в таблице союзы и союзные слова.

Типы придаточных предложений

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Бессоюзный тип подчинения

Придаточное предложение может присоединяться к главному и без помощи союзов. Такая связь называется бессоюзной связью. Два типа

придаточных предложений, дополнительные и определительные, могут присоединяться к главному предложению без союза. Для того чтобы правильно перевести предложение, внимательно посмотрите на его структуру и определите его главные члены: подлежащее и сказуемое. В

дополнительных придаточных предложениях часто опускается союз that, при переводе на границе между главным предложением и придаточным дополнительным предложением (перед группой подлежащего) необходимо вводить союз что, например:

I know /(that) this man is a well-known economist.

Язнаю, что этот человек - известный экономист. I am sure /he will take part in this conference.

Яуверена, что он примет участие в этой конференции.

При переводе на русский язык придаточных определительных предложений на границе между главным и придаточным предложениями вводится союзное слово который. Эта граница проходит между определяемым существительным и подлежащим придаточного определительного предложения, например:

The building /(which) our institute occupies is in Svoboda street.

Здание, которое занимает наш институт, находится на улице Свободы.

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He put aside all the articles except the one /we discussed yesterday.

Он отложил в сторону все статьи, кроме той, которую мы обсудили вчера.

Practice

Ex. 1. Answer the following questions using complex sentences.

1.Where will you work when you graduate from the Institute?

2.Will you try to find a part-time job for summer after you pass your exams?

3.What did you use to do on Sundays when you studied at school?

4.Who can help you if you have problems?

5.Though you’ll get a diploma in three years you think about your future work, don’t you?

6.Who is the girl you were speaking to in the hall?

7.Why didn’t you take part in the Institute chess tournament?

8.Have you bought the book the professor told you about?

9.Who told you that we would have two seminars on Saturday?

10.Do you take part in all the events that are held at the Institute?

Ex. 2. Make up complex sentences.

1.When I was eighteen …….

2.Though I’m not sure that you are right …..

3.What is the most important thing for me …..

4.He spoke so expressively that ……

5.This is the most exciting film …..

6.What is done……

7.Whenever I see him…..

8.Before she was promoted….

9.When you are ready…..

10.Most school children in Britain look very similar because they….. 11.He wondered whether…..

12. She told everybody that…..

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Ex.3. Insert the missed words. Translate these complex sentences paying attention to the subordinate clauses. Can you find all the subjects and predicates?

research, working, initiatives, debates, accountants, origins, graphs, budget, policy, customers, skills, economically, century

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Ex.5. These sentences don’t make sense. Put the parts of the sentences in the correct order. The first words are printed at the beginning of the sentences.

1.Make / have got / that people want / you / sure /something different.

2.One / help / of the ways / is / by finding resources / social workers / for people.

3.Only people / real estate / at it, /should try /to become / who enjoy selling,/ agents / and are good .

4.Since / can work / much information / about properties /over the Internet, / some agents / out / is available / of their own homes.

5.We expect / they / been done / the way / have always / things done.

6.Most / are / who / promotions / people / well educated / gain.

Ex. 6. Let’s check your translation skills. Translate these complex sentences into Russian.

1.If you decide to take the plunge to do it alone, the first thing you must do is draw up a realistic business plan – this is a working do cument that describes the business, its objectives, its strategies, the market it is in and its financial forecasts.

2.Your business plan will show your bank manager that you have thought your business through carefully and that various scenarios have been considered.

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3.Once you have a detailed business plan and enough evidence to believe that your idea is viable, it is time to go and see the bank manager.

4.Call a bank and enqire whether it would be possible for you to open a saving account.

5.Whenever a man sets up a business it is because he feels he can produce some useful commodity or service which will be needed by his fellow men.

6.Jobs working with older people will grow especially fast because there will be more people who are old and need help.

7.Technical and professional posts that cannot be filled from local resources

are filled by recruits from overseas, usually the UK, St. Helena, Australia or

New Zealand, on fixed term contracts.

3.2. Conditional sentences. Придаточные предложения условия

Необходимо помнить, что умение определять структуру предложения очень важно для правильного перевода текста. Условные предложения вызывают у говорящих на русском языке особые трудности.

Таблица трех типов условных предложений, приведенная ниже, дает достаточно ясное представление о различиях в структуре и переводе. Обратите внимание на то, что сказуемое II и III типов может переводиться на русский язык одинаково.

Типы условных предложений

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