Sound [e]

One man went to mow, went to mow a meadow.

One man and his dog went to mow a meadow.

Two men went to mow, went to mow a meadow.

Two men, one man and his dog went to mow a meadow (etc.).

2) Ship or Sheep U-3

3) Listening I U-3

4) Pronunciation Tasks U-2

Control Questions:

1) What is a diphthong?

2) Name the elements of a diphthong

3) The classification of diphthongs

Literature:

1) Vasiliev V.A. English Phonetics, 1980, p. 19-20

2) O'Connor Better English Pronunciation, p. 84-89

UNIT 5

THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEMES. TEST.

Main Theoretical Concepts:

System of English Vowel Phonemes in Comparison With the Russian One.

According to height of the raised part of the tongue		Front vowels	Front-retracted vowels	Central vowels	Back-advanced vowels	Back vowels
Close (high) vowels	Narrow variation	и	J	ы		H у
	Broad variation		I		u
Mid – open (mid) vowels	Narrow variation	e		q: qE
	Broad variation	FI		q		L
Open (low) vowels	Narrow variation			A		O4
	Broad variation	x	a2	а	R	P

Notes: [F¹] – the nucleus of [eq],

[a] - the nucleus of [QI], [Qu]

[q] – the nucleus of [qu]

[O] – the nucleus of [OI]

Practical Tasks:

1) Characterise the vowels [q:, A, I, qu, eI, Iq, e, u, H]

2)

Sound [X]

As a matter of fact the handsome lad has broken his ankle in the accident.

3) Ship or Sheep U-4

4) Listening I U-4

5) Pronunciation tasks U-2, p.8

TEST

1) Enumerate the principles of the classification of the vowels. Exemplify your statements.

2) What is a vowel? Define a monophthong, a diphthong.

3) Characterize the sounds: [OI, R, QI, L, Iq]

UNIT 6-9

CONSONANTS. THE CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH CONSONANT PHONEMES

Main Theoretical Concepts:

A consonant is a sound produced with an obstruction to the air stream. The organs of speech are tense at the place of obstruction. In the articulation of voiceless consonants the air stream is strong, while in voiced consonants it is weaker.

Consonants are usually classified according to the following principles:

1) according to the type of obstruction and the manner of the production of noise;

2) according to the active speech organ and the place of obstruction.

3) according to the work of the vocal cords and the force of articulation.

4) according to the position of the soft palate.

Occlusive consonants are produced with a complete obstruction formed by the articulating organs, the air – passage in the mouth cavity is blocked.

Plosive consonants: in their production the speech organs form a complete obstruction which is then quickly released with plosion.

In the production of occlusive sonorants the speech organs form a complete obstruction in mouth cavity which is not released, the soft palate is lowered and the air escapes through the nasal cavity.

In the production of affricates the speech organs form a complete obstruction which is then released so slowly that a considerable friction occurs at the point of articulation.

Constrictive consonants are produced with an incomplete obstruction, that is by a narrowing of the air – passage.

In the production of noise constrictives (or fricatives) the speech organs form an incomplete obstruction.

In the production of constrictive sonorants the air – passage is fairly wide so that the air passing through the mouth doesn't produce audible friction and tone prevails over noise.

таблица

Practical Tasks:

1) Give the definition of the English consonants [d, n, l, s, D, S, C, r, j, w, g, N]

2) Write down the dictation. Russian variant – English variant – transcription.

3) Write the transcription symbols of the sounds which are heard when the organs of speech are prepared to pronounce:

a) the English consonants [d, b, g], but with the soft palate lowered

b) the English consonants [p, k, t], but with the vocal cords drawn near together and vibrating

4) Draw the position of the organs of speech in pronouncing the consonants [p, t, k, m, n, N]

5) Draw the position of the tongue in pronouncing the English consonants [T, D, s, z, S, Z, w, r, j, l, C]

6) Guess the consonant by the definition.

7) Answer the theoretical questions.

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