Sound [I:]

• I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice – cream

• These three sheep have eaten three green leaves each

4) Ship or Sheep U-1

5) Listening I U-1

Control Questions:

1) Define a vowel.

2) How are the vowel sounds classified?

3) What are the main principles of classification of vowels?

Literature:

1) Vasiliev V. A. English Phonetics, 1980, p. 19 – 25, 46 – 61

2) O'Connor. Better English Pronunciation, p. 79 – 84

UNIT 3

Monophthongs. Principles of classification

Main Theoretical Concepts:

III. According to the lip position monophthongs can be rounded and unrounded. Rounded vowels are produced when the lips are more or less rounded

E.g. [u:] [u] [L][ P], the nuclei of [qu] [OI], Russian [у] [о]

Unrounded vowels are produced when the lips are spread or neutral

E.g. [I] [ J] [ e] [ x] [ R] [ A] [ q:] [ q], the nuclei of [qu][ OI], Russian [э] [и] [а] [ы]

IV. According to their length vowels are long or short

The long English vowels are [J] [R] [L] [ H] [q:].

The short ones are [I][ e][ x] [P] [u] [A] [q].

V. According to the degree of tenseness vowels may be tense or lax.

Tense vowels are produced when the organs of speech are tense. All the long vowels are tense. Lax vowels (the short ones) are produced with lesser tenseness of the speech organs.

VI. According to the character of their end vowels may be checked or unchecked. Checked vowels are pronounced without any lessening of the force of the utterance towards the end (in a closed syllable)

E.g. short vowels under stress, long vowels, diphthongs + voiceless consonants. Unchecked vowels are pronounced with lessening of the force of the utterance towards their end.

E.g. long vowels, diphthongs under stress + voiced consonants, unstressed vowels.

Practical Tasks:

1)

Sound [I]

- Is little lipstick permissible for women in Egyptian villages?

- Miss, miss, little miss Miss, if she misses, she misses like this.

2) Ship or Sheep U-2

3) Listening I U-2

Control Questions:

1) What vowel sounds are called rounded, voiceless, checked, long?

Literature:

1) Vasiliev V.A. English Phonetics. M., 1980, pp. 19-25

2) O'Connor Better English Pronunciation, pp. 79-84

UNIT 4

DIPHTHONGS. DIPHTHONGOIDS

Main Theoretical Concepts:

A diphthong is a vowel sound in the pronunciation of which the organs of speech start in the position of one vowel and glide gradually in the direction of another vowel, full formation of which is not accomplished.

It is a complex sound consisting of two vowel elements pronounced so as to form a single syllable.

The first element of the English diphthong is called the nucleus It is strong, clear, distinct.

The second element is called the glide. It is rather weak.

There are eight diphthongs in English. They are devided according to the glide. There are:

1) three diphthongs with a glide towards [I]: [eI] [OI] [QI]

2) two diphthongs with a glide towards [u]: [Qu] [qu]

3) three diphthongs with the glide towards [q]: [Iq] [eq] [uq]

The vowels in the articulation of which the organs of speech change their position but very slightly are called diphthongized vowels or diphthongoids: [J] [H]

Practical Tasks:

1)