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Файл:Управление миграционными процессами в трудовой сфере. Учебно-методическое пособие
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doing home-tasks,
the study of the themes given for independent work,
the study of theoretical material for the seminar.
Interactive technologies can be used in practical classes when students
can accompany their answer with presentation. In addition, students may use
the resources of the Internet for prepare to classes and writing reports.
Creative problem-oriented independent work (CIW) is aimed at
development of intellectual skills, of a complex of universal (general
cultural) and professional competences, at the rise of creative potential of
bachelors and consists of the following:
searching, analyzing, structuring and presenting of information,
analysis of scientific papers on a definite theme of research ,
analysis of statistical and empirical data on the given theme,
research work, participation in students scientific conferences,
seminars and competitions,
doing tests.
Seminars should help to deepen students’ knowledge on the theory of
social processes management at enterprises, its main categories, and
contribute to the development of professional competences. The instructor at
the seminar encourages learning and cognitive activity, independence and
creative thinking of students, the ability to argue their point of view. One of
the important tasks of the seminars is to impart to future master (manager)
the skills of project development, of management, the ability to pick up the
literature, to make a plan of the speech, to speak in a logical order, to give
clear and accurate answers to questions.
10. Evaluation tools for monitoring the progress in studies, for
intermediate certification on the basis of mastering the discipline.
The entrance test of students’ knowledge.
A written creative work on the theme: "Labour migration in modern
world: reasons and consequences for developed countries"
Intermediate test.
Intermediate test of students' knowledge is carried out after the second
semester in the form of a test.
Questions for the examination:
• The concept of migration of population. Migration flows.
21
• Typology of the population migration.
• The structure of the population migration process.
• Migration processes in modern world and their specific features.
• Specificity of migration processes in modern Russia.
• Political possibilities to control migration flows.
• Natural and forced migrations of population.
• Peculiarities of labor migration.
• Modern concepts of population migration.
• Domestic empirical research on migrations of population.
• Similarity and difference between cultures as a basis for cultural
interaction.
• Motives of migration. Typology of migration motives.
• Classification of intercultural contacts: genocide, assimilation,
segregation, integration.
• Typology of cultures and peculiarities of integration into the new
social structure.
• Factors of social and cultural development for integration facilitating.
• The concept of cultural distance and its influence on migration.
• The problem of unsanctioned immigration in modern Russia.
• The concept of social (ethnic) stereotype, its role and function in
regulation of social interaction.
• Emotional state of migrants: comparative analysis of psychological
reactions of migrants and inhabitants.
• Feeling of identity crisis in second generation migrants.
• Deprivation in the result of migration.
• Psychological consultation in social work with migrants.
• Group forms of psychological work with migrants.
• Social aid to migrants: historical aspect (on the experience of Russian
Empire).
• Migration Service in modern Russia: its functions and tasks.
• Social and legal protection of migrants. Determination of migrant
status.
• Prognostication of migration flows.
• Migration policy of the Russian government nowadays.
• Interstate agreements in the field of migration policy.
• International experience in creation of transnational federations: the
EEC, the Council of Europe, etc.
22
• Role of non-governmental organizations in social work with refugees
and other categories of migrants on the territory of the Russian Federation.
• Experience in work with migrants in the countries of Western Europe,
America etc.
• Integration processes in the modern world, internationalization of
economy as an objective basis of mass migrations of population.
• Social and legal problems of migrants.
• Pendulum migration: structure and the ways of regulation.
• Peculiarities of migration processes in Russia (comparative review of
main migration flows and their reasons in Russia, Asia - Pacific region,
Western Europe and North America).
• The problem of uncontrolled migration flows in the Russian
Federation.
• International conflicts on the territory of Russia and abroad, the
problem of ethnic migrations.
• The state migration policy in Russia in 2000s, the main directions of
modern migration policy of the Russian Federation Government.
• The demographic situation in modern Russia and prognosis of
migration processes development.
• Social pressure as a factor for the formation of the aim to migrate.
• Peculiarities of labour migrants’ mental state and the main directions
of the possible psychological and adaptational aid.
• Role of friendly associations of people from the same area and public
non-governmental organizations in formation of social policy regarding
migrants.
Foreign experience of work with labour migrants (countries of Western
Europe, North America, Australia); the work of independent services in the
organization of migration, social work with refugees.
• Religious philanthropic societies, charity funds, their possibilities and
role in organization of aid to forced migrants.
11. Using the rating system of knowledge evaluation
For evaluation of the results of students’ activities while studying the
discipline «Labour Migration Management» the rating system is used.
Rating score is generated on the basis of current and intermediate tests. The
maximum and minimum number of points for different types of academic
work is given in the regulations on the rating system.
23
The study of the discipline «Labour Migration Management» ends with
an examination.
The subject is considered to be known if the student has passed all the
current tests and the amount of points earned for the current work in the
semester, is at least 60.
While evaluating the students' knowledge the following is taken into
account:
• individual features of cognitive sphere of students;
• realization of the knowledge;
• the ability to summarize, analyze the studied material;
• the completeness and accuracy of the answer;
• the usage of the knowledge gained independently in practice;
• the logic of presentation;
• the ability to make a detailed plan of the answer, theses, summaries;
• the ability to work in a team, communicative skills, communicative
culture.
Seminar as a form of educational process includes individual study of
selected questions (problems) on the given by the instructor theme by
students, their joint discussion, preparation for participation in discussions
and colloquiums on the given theme and writing reports. Seminar is an
integral part of the rating system and plays an important role in the
monitoring of the student’s progress.
Thus, the current rating ( Rtek ) of the student's knowledge consists of
the following scores:
• Oral answer - from 5 to 10 points
• Supplement - 3 points
• Home-task (project) - from 5 to 10 points
• Presentation of a report - from 5 to 10 points
For active participation in seminars student can receive up to 3 points
earned in excess.
The student is admitted to the examination if his score is 36 points for
the semester and s/he fulfilled a project.
Evaluation criteria in points:
Score 10 points is put for the full, detailed answer, when knowledge
has systematic character, additional material is used, the answer is
corroborated with examples, the basic concepts of the studied section are
used widely.
24
9 points - the score is put according to the criteria stated above, one or
two unimportant errors may be present.
8 points - the score is put when knowledge has not enough systematic
character, there is some inaccuracy, examples are given with difficulty, there
is no connection with the surrounding life.
7 points - the score is put when the basic concepts are known not well
enough, with low level of independent work while studying of the material,
there are mistakes in the answer, there is no logic in the answer.
6 points - the score is put in the absence of logic in the answer, when
there are no examples, and there are bad mistakes.
5 points - only half of the material is presented, there is only mere
verbiage without any logic in the answer.
4 points - a partial presentation of the material with the help of the
teacher while there is a written work.
2 points - refusal to answer with the lack of good reasons while there is
a written work.
There is no mark if the student missed some lesson without good
reason and hadn’t answered the material of the lesson.
Examination score (R ekz) of the student’s knowledge is maximum 40
points. The minimum number of points obtained at the examination may not
be less than 24 points.
Evaluation criteria in points:
Score 40 points is put for the full, detailed answer, when knowledge
has systematic character, additional material is used, the answer is
corroborated with examples, the basic concepts of the studied section are
used widely.
24 points - only half of the material is presented, there is only mere
verbiage without any logic in the answer.
In the final rating (R dis) if the student haven’t missed a single lesson
he is added 3 points to the final rating. For each missed lesson if the material
of the lesson is not answered one point is taken away from the final rating.
12. Methodic and informational provision of the discipline
(module) «Labour Migration Management»
a ) the main references:
25
1. Blinova, M. S. (2009) "Sociology of migration: history of formation
and development prospects: a manual" Moscow State University
named after M. V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Sociology. 192 p .
2. Simagin, Y. A. (2009) "Territorial organization of population: a
manual" Moscow: Dashkov & K. - 232 p.
3. Metelyov, S. E. (2010) "International migration and its influence on
the socio -economic development of Russia : a textbook for higher
school" Stary Oskol : TNT . - 416 p .
4. Solovarova, Yu. N. (2005) "Demography: Manual" Kazan State
Technological University: Kazan STU Publishing House. - 108p.
5. Gelbras, V. G. (2004) "Russia in conditions of global Chinese
migration" Moscow, Muravei. - 203 p.
6. Dmitriev, A. V. (2006) "Migration: from the point of view of
conflicts" Moscow, Alpha -M . - 432 p.
7. Martín Artiles, Antonio; Solé, Carlota (2003) "Immigration and
labour : Editorial". Transfer: European Review of Labour and
Research August 2003 9: 389-392. (See this volume)
8. Solé, Carlota (2003) "European policy on immigration"” Transfer:
European Review of Labour and Research August 2003 9: 401-415.
(See this volume)
9. Parella Rubio, Sonia (2003) "Immigrant women in paid domestic
service. The case of Spain and Italy". Transfer: European Review of
Labour and Research August 2003 9: 503-517. (See this volume)
10. Martín Artiles, Antonio (2005) "Irregular Migration. The Dilemmas
of Transnational Mobility" Transfer: European Review of Labour
and Research May 2005 11: 275-279. (See this volume)
11. Ambrosini, Maurizio; Cella, Gian Primo; Martín Artiles, Antonio
(2008) " New migration dynamics: Irregular immigration and
irregular work". Transfer: European Review of Labour and
Research, November 2008 14: 541-545. (See this volume)
12. Martín Artiles, Antonio (2008) "Towards a fair deal for migrant
workers in the global economy, Transfer: European Review of
Labour and Research 4/08, pp. 706-709. (See this volume)
13. Martín Artiles, Antonio (2008) “Employment and working
conditions of migrant workers”. Transfer:European Review of
Labour and Research November 2008 14: 709-712.(See this
volume)
26
14. Martín Artiles, Antonio (2008) “International migration and
economic development. Lessons from low-income countries”
Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research November
2008 14: 713-715.( See this volume)
15. Parella, Sònia; Cavalcanti, Leonardo (2008) "New challenges of
transnationalism in the study of migration". Transfer: European
Review of Labour and Research. November 2008 14: 717-722.( See
this volume)
16. Martín Artiles, Antonio; Molina, Oscar (2011) "Crisis, economic
uncertainty and union members’ attitudes towards inmigration in
Europe". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research,
Núm. 17, pp. 453-470.( See this volume)
b) additional references:
17. Migration of the Tomsk region population in 1997-2006: statistical
yearbook (2007) Tomsk region territorial body of the Federal
Service of State Statistics (TOMSKStat ) , ed . SV Kasinskiy . Tomsk: Tomskstat. - 69 p.
18. Kabuzan, V.M. (1998) "Emigration and re-emigration in Russia in
XVIII - beginning of XX centuries" Moscow: Nauka. - 270 p.
19. Kopitov, V.A. (1999) "Population geography : a training manual"
Moscow, Marketing. - 124 p.
20. Ushkalov, I.G. (1999) "Brain Drain : Reasons, the scale and
consequences" Moscow. 176 p .
21. Polyan, P.M. (2001) "Not on their own will. History and Geography
of Forced Migrations in the USSR" Moscow: OGI - Memorial. 327 p.
22. Savoskul, S.S. (2001) "Russians of the new countries abroad Russia:
Choice of Destiny" Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of
Ethnology and Anthropology named after N. N. Miklukho-Maclay .
- Moscow: Nauka. - 438 p.
23. Sparrows, N.V. (2001) "Regional Organization of migration in
Siberian conditions" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of
Sciences , Institute of Geography . - Novosibirsk : Nauka. - 158 p.
24. Zayonchkovskaya, J.A. (1991) "Demographic situation and the
resettlement" USSR Academy of Sciences , Institute of Geography .
- Moscow: Nauka. - 130 p .
27
25. Moskvin, D.D. (1991) "Population of the USSR : the issues of
migration ( economic- statistical review of trends in the 60- 80s.) "
Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - Moscow: Nauka. - 157 p.
26. "Tasks VI. Demography : Textbook" (2003) V.I. Butov , ed . V.
Ignatov. - Moscow- Rostov- on-Don : March. - 591 p.
27. "Demographics: a training manual" (2004) Ed. V.G. Glushkova. M: KnoRus. - 290 .
28. Bondyreva, S.K.; D.V. Kolesov (2004) "Migration (essence and
phenomenon) : Textbook" Russian Academy of Education, Moscow
Psychological and Social Institute ( SAG ) . - Moscow: Publishing
House of SAG. - 296 p .
29. Brooke, S. (1974) "Migration" BSE . Moscow. v.16 . Pp.209 - 210.
30. "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Moscow, 1989 .
31. Hajiyev, K.S. (1998) "Introduction to Geopolitics . Textbook for
high schools" Moscow. P.54 -102 , 366-406 .
32. "Group psychotherapy" Moscow, 1990 .
33. Gurevich, P.S. (1994) "Philosophy of Culture : A guide for students
of liberal arts colleges" Moscow. Chapter 10 . P.206 -227, Chapter
14 . P.292 -312 .
34. Moyseenko, V.M. (1985) "Migration of the population:
Demographic encyclopedia" Moscow. P.251 - 252.
35. Nesterov, A.V., Khorev, B.S. (1989) "Migration policy:
Demographic encyclopedia" Moscow.
28
Part II. TEXTS
Immigrant women in paid domestic service.
The case of Spain and Italy
Sónia Parella Rubio
Lecturer in Sociology, Department of Sociology, Autonomous
University of Barcelona
(Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 2003 9: 503. DOI:
10.1177/102425890300900310. The full version of this article can be found at:
http://trs.sagepub.com/content/9/3/503)
Summary
In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the
resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic
workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and
regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family
is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries.
It is taken for granted that the family ('women') is the main provider of social
protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in
local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to
households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them
balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment.
These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and
there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.
Introduction
Despite tighter immigration controls and a reduction in the number of
legal immigrants to Europe, the number of women immigrating to Europe on
their own in search of domestic work continues to grow unabated. This trend
is a reflection of changes in the social and economic role of local European
women, the ageing of the population, changes in the structure of the family,
the emergence of new lifestyles based on individualism and the relentless
pursuit of ever more leisure time and more time to oneself, and the cutting
back of the welfare state in European society (Kofman 1999). It is in
southern Europe, however, that the practice of paying people to help with the
burden of caring for one's family is most widespread, owing to a number of
factors which are peculiar to the Mediterranean welfare regime model.
29
The aim of this contribution is to gain an understanding of the position
of migrant domestic workers in Italy and Spain. To this end, the article
begins with a discussion of the main characteristics of southern European
society, examining which aspects of it have changed and which have stayed
the same over the past few decades. The emancipation of women, together
with the lack of family policies geared towards enabling people to achieve
an appropriate work-life balance and the failure to abandon traditional
patriarchal family values have combined to make the practice of resorting to
the market to help with the burden of caring for one's family something
which is becoming more and more common among the urban middle classes.
Having established the factors which help to explain the boom in paid
domestic work in southern Europe, the article turns to the specific
characteristics of this work. The main issues in this respect are the rising
demand for live-in domestic work, the informality of the sector, and the
growing trend to use immigrant women both because they are cheaper and
because of the shortage of local workers. Finally, an analysis is presented of
the flows of immigrant women into Spain and Italy and the patterns showing
which forms of domestic work they are concentrated in, enabling a process
of gradual ethnification of childcare services to be identified.
The Mediterranean welfare regime model
Esping-Andersen's typology of welfare state regimes (1990) which
divides welfare systems into liberal, conservative and social democratic ones
has acted as the basis for the majority of studies of European welfare
systems. One of the main criticisms levelled at Esping-Andersen's typology
(1990) is that it does not cover the countries of southern Europe, although it
is possible to deduce that they are considered to form part of the corporatist
or continental regime1. However, as Saraceno (1995) argues, simply
highlighting the principle of state subsidiarity or stressing the key role
played by the family and informal networks is not enough to explain the
specific characteristics of these countries. The societies of southern Europe
have strongly familistic welfare regimes, with welfare states which were late
to develop and which remain underdeveloped. The family, through the
intergenerational support it provides and through its gender structure, has
always been and continues to be the direct provider of a significant number
1
The only southern European country studied by Esping-Andersen (1990) is Italy, which is classified as
part of the corporatist continental tradition
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