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ɦɟɫɬɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɜɧɟɦɟɫɬɚɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚ
ɐɟɥɶ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɡɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣɢ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɜɨ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɢ
ɧɟɞɨɢɦɨɤ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ ɢ ɩɟɧɹɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɤ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɰɟɥɢɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬɫɹɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɡɚɞɚɱ
ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ
ɫɛɨɪɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɟɬɚɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɛɚɡɵɩɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɜɢɞɚɦɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɚɦ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹɷɬɢɯɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ
ɞɨɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɭɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣɢɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɤɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚ
ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɞɥɹɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɵɟɦɤɚɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ȼɫɬɪɟɱɧɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ±ɷɬɨɩɨɫɭɬɢɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɭɟɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɋɚɦɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚªɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɫɹɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɟɳɟ
ɢɡ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɣ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɟɬ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɟ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɟ ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɫɞɟɥɤɚɯ
ȺɪɬɟɦɟɧɤɨȾȺɍɤɚɡɫɨɱ±ɋ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɰɟɧ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ. ɋ
ɜ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɦɫɞɟɥɨɤɦɟɠɞɭɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢɥɢɰɚɦɢɪɚɡɞɟɥ9
ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɋ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɰɟɧ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣ
ɢɥɢɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ©ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɪɭɤɢª ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɰɟɧ ɜɵɩɥɚɬ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɤɚɤɟɫɥɢɛɵ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɥɸɛɵɟɞɨɯɨɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɞɧɨɢɡ
ɷɬɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɢɡɡɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɐɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɚ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɰɟɧɵɜ
ɰɟɥɹɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢɥɢɰɚɦɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɢɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɇɨɜɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɄȽɇ
ȼɵɟɡɞɧɚɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɄȽɇɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɚ
ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚ
ɋɝɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɜ
ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɭɩɥɚɬɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɪɚɡɞɟɥ9ɇɄɊɎ©ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɜ
ɮɨɪɦɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚª
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ ɆȼɎ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɜɢɞɵɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɇȾɋ Ʌɚɣɚɦ ɗɛɪɢɥɥ Ɇɚɣɤɥ Ʉɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ ɉɟɪ ɫ ɚɧɝɥ ± Ɇ ɢɡɞɜɨ ©ȼɟɫɶ
ɦɢɪª±ɋ
1. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɌɚɤɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭɧɚɥɨɝɚɧɚɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɛɚɡɵɩɨɇȾɋɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɧɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ
2. Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɇȾɋ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣɭɱɟɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɥɢɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɱɟɬɚɮɚɤɬɭɪɵ
3. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟɩɭɧɤɬɵɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ
ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɣ
4. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ. ȼɫɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɜɫɟɯɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɦɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ±ɩɨɇȾɋɢɧɚɥɨɝɭɧɚɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ
5. Ɋɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɲɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦɩɪɚɜɨɦ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɷɬɨɮɨɪɦɚɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧ Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɧɚ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɢ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɜɲɟɟ ɫ Ɏɇɋ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɦ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬ
ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣɲɬɪɚɮɨɜɢɩɟɧɢ
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɱɬɨɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɟɝɨɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɚɛɡ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɭɩɥɚɬɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɢɫɛɨɪɨɜ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɉɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ
ɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩ ɫɬ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄɊɎ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ȼ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɤɨɝɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɇȾɋ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɰɢɡɚɦ ɫ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝɚɤɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸɩɩɩɫɬɇɄɊɎ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɡɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɚɫɭɦɦɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɤɭɩɥɚɬɟɩɩɩɫɬɇɄɊɎ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɢ
ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɚɛɡɩɫɬɇɄɊɎ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɹɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɸɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɧɟɧɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɚɛɡ ɩ ɩ ɩ
ɫɬɇɄɊɎ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ ɱɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɵɩɟɧɢɢɲɬɪɚɮɵ ɞɚɠɟɟɫɥɢɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɟɝɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬɧɟɞɨɢɦɤɚɚɛɡɩɫɬ
ɚɛɡ ɩɩ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɛɡ
ɩɫɬɚɛɡɩɩɩɫɬɇɄɊɎ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɫ
ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɦɧɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢɩɫɬɩɫɬ
ɇɄɊɎ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ
ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ȼɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɬɢɦɢɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɝɪɭɩɩ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɤ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɚɹɫɜɟɪɤɚɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɪɤɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɟɫɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɜɢɡɢɢɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ
ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ
ɞɥɹɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢɢɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɜɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ
Ȼɨɞɸɤ Ⱥ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɚɭɞɢɬɚ Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɬ Ʉɢɟɜ
ʋɋ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ
ɨɛɦɟɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɗɬɚɝɪɭɩɩɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɞɟɧɟɝɰɟɧɧɵɯɛɭɦɚɝɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɞɥɨɝɨɜ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɩɭɫɤɫɵɪɶɹɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɵɪɶɹɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹɡɚɤɭɩɤɚ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɗɬɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ
ȼɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸɛɚɡɭ
ȼɝɪɭɩɩɭɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɜɯɨɞɹɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɟɫɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɚɢɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɰɟɧɤɚɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹɜɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ʉɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ
ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɧ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɞɟɥɨɤɦɟɠɞɭɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢɥɢɰɚɦɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɩɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɨɛɴɟɦɭɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨɫɵɪɶɹɢ
ɞɪ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ± ɷɬɨ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢɢɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɬɚɣɧɵ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
1. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɍɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɞɚɥɟɟ±ɉɍȾɬɨɟɫɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢɜɥɚɫɬɢɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ
ɢ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɚɯ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɮɨɪɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ Ⱦɨ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɛɵɥɨɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɋ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɨɬ 1 ɎɁ ©Ɉ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɦ
ɭɱɟɬɟª ɞɚɥɟɟ ± ɡɚɤɨɧ 1 ɎɁ
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɚɯ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ
ɉɍȾ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɮɨɪɦɚɦ
©Ɉ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɦ ɭɱɟɬɟªɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɤɨɧɊɨɫ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ʋɎɁ
ɋɨɛɪɁɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɊɨɫɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ±ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹʋɫɬ
ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ
ɭɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɉɨ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɤɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɞɟɪ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ
ɤɚɫɫɨɜɵɣɨɪɞɟɪɢɬɩɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ
ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɟɢɤɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɢ
Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɢɥɭɡɚɤɨɧɚʋ±ɎɁɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɢɥɢɧɟɬɨɱɧɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɵɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵɱɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɷɬɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɥɨɝ ɪɟɠɟ ± ɧɚ ɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɨɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦ
ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɚɤɬɚɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦȽɈɋɌɚɦ ɢ Ɍɍɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɬɩ ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɟɦ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɋɱɟɬɧɚɹ (ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ) ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ
ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɯ ȿɟ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɫɭɦɦɜɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ
ɋɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɤ
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɯ
ɛɭɯɭɱɟɬɚ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɤ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɤ
ɉɥɚɧɭɫɱɟɬɨɜɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɟɬɚ
Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɩɨ
ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɧɟɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɢɨɛɴɟɦɟɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɵ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɢ
ɬɩ
ɛɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟɩɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɩɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟɨɲɢɛɤɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɥɨɝɚ
ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɥɨɝɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜɨɬɬɢɫɤɨɜɩɟɱɚɬɟɣɢɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɩɨɞɞɟɥɤɢɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ
ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨ ɛɟɫɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ Ɍɚɤ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ȼȺɋ ɊɎ ɨɬ ʋ ȼȺɋ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɥɚɬɭ
ɬɨɜɚɪɚɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɫɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɜɵɝɨɞɵɜɜɢɞɟɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɇȾɋ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɥɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɩɨɞɞɟɥɤɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɨɩɢɫɤɢ
ɞɨɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɬɩ Ɉ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɥɨɝɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɫɨɦɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɯɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ
4. ȼɫɬɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɪɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ (ɜɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɪɤɚ,
ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ) ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɚ ȼɫɬɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɫɜɟɪɤɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ) ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ± ɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɞ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟȼȺɋ ɊɎɨɬʋ ȼȺɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣɩɨɪɬɚɥ
KWWSWD[SUDYRUXVXGHEQLHBGHODVWDW\DRSUHGHOHQLHBYDVBUIBRWBBJBBYDV
B
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯɨɞɧɨɣɢɬɨɣɠɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɛȼɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɜ
ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɭɸ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɨɞɧɨɣɢɬɨɣ
ɠɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɵ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɚɪɹɞɚɦɢ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚ ɫɭɦɦɵ
ɞɟɧɟɝɨɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɫɱɟɬɚɦ ɫɜɵɩɢɫɤɚɦɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ
ɢɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢɌɆɐɢɬɚɪɵ
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɞɜɭɯɢɥɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɜɢɞɨɜɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɩɪɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢɛɟɫɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
1. ɂɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɛɦɟɪɚ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫ
ɞɟɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɂɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɪɹɞɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
2. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ (ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ)ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɧɚɭɤɟɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɬɟɯɧɢɤɟɢɥɢɪɟɦɟɫɥɟ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ± ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɫɰɟɥɶɸɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɫɬɇɄɊɎ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟ
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