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Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɭɩɥɚɬɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɨɣɟɟ
ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɈɞɧɚɤɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɹɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɡɚɤɨɧɚɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɫɥɭɠɛ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚª
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ± Ɏɇɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɭɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɊɎ
ɋ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɋȼɄɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɩɟɪɟɲɥɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɩɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɢ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɋȼ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɇɄ
ɊɎ
ɩɪɢɟɦɭ ɨɬ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɋȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɋȼ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ
Ɋɹɞ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ
ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɫɹ ɡɚ ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢɩɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵ±ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɄɨɦɢɬɟɬɋɱɺɬɧɚɹɩɚɥɚɬɚ
Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɡɢɦɚɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
Ɍɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɶɝɨɬ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɭɩɥɚɬɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɫɛɨɪɨɜɢɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ
ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ȼ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɷɬɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȼ ɛɨɥɟɟɭɡɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɢɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ
ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɨɬɱɟɬɵɫɦɟɬɵ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɱɟɬɚɮɚɤɬɭɪɵ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɭɸɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɢɬɞɌɚɤɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɇɄɊɎɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɫɬɇ.ɊɎ
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ± ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ
ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ:
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɫɛɨɪɨɜɋȼ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɩɥɚɬɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɥɶɝɨɬ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɷɬɢɦɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɧɢɯɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɧɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ Ɋɭ 85/ KWWSVZZZXN
SULRULWHWUXSUHVVFHQWHUDUWLFOHVREHNWLSUHGPHWQDORJRYRMSURYHUNLɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɩɨɥɧɨɬɵɭɱɟɬɚɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɢɞɪ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɊɎ
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ȼ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɨɡɵɫɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɦ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɬ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɷɬɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ
ɫɟɛɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɧɨɢ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɚɥɶɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɫɜɨɟɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɭɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɮɢɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ
ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɷɬɚɩɵ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɢɭɱɟɬɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ
ɩɪɢɟɦɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣɤɭɩɥɚɬɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɩɥɚɬɵɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɭɦɦ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ
ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɟɧɢɢɲɬɪɚɮɨɜ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɗ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ Ɋ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ
ɢɦɟɜɲɢɯɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɢɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɁ
Ɋ
ɗ
Ɂ
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɞɨɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɫ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɚɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɷɬɢɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɤɚɤɜɢɞɵɮɨɪɦɵɢɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ȼɢɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ ȼ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ
ɬɨɝɨɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɦɟɬɨɞɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɦɟɫɬɚɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɬɚɛɥ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ± ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɉɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɜɫɟɯɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦɭɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɫɛɨɪɨɜɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɞɚɧɧɵɯɭɱɟɬɚɢɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɮɨɪɦɵ
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɢɟɦɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɞɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ
ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɢɞɪ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵɬɟɨɪɢɹɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɜɫɬɇɄɊɎɫɦɟɲɚɧɵɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞ
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɩɪɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɦɟɸɬɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɫɦɨɬɪ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɟɦɤɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶɫɤɪɵɬɵɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɵɈɫɦɨɬɪɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ
Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɨɬɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɠɢɜɲɢɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ Ɍɚɤ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɤ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɚɤɰɢɡɧɵɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɫɬ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɤɪɭɩɧɵɯɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɯɞɨɯɨɞɚɦ
ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɢɯ
ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ ɪɹɞ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɍɱɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɤ
ɮɨɪɦɭɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɤɚɤ
ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ
ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɭɸɫɮɟɪɭɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɚ ɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
Ɏɨɪɦɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢɜɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ɋ ɝ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɭɩɥɚɬɵɬɚɤɠɟɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯɜɡɧɨɫɨɜɞɚɥɟɟ±ɋȼ
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɢ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ
ɐɢɬ ɩɨ Ȼɪɵɡɝɚɥɢɧ Ⱥɇ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ 85/
KWWSVNDUWDVORYUXɤɧɢɝɢȻɪɵɡɝɚɥɢɧBȺBɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟBɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢBɜɢɞɵBɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵBɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢɫɛɨɪɨɜɢɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯɜɡɧɨɫɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ
ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢɢɯɮɢɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ
ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɧɟɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɨɧɚɥɨɝɚɯɢɫɛɨɪɚɯ
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣɭɩɥɚɬɵɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɫɛɨɪɨɜ
Ɉɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɦ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɢɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɜ
ɛɸɞɠɟɬ
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɧɨɬɵɢɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɩɥɚɬɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ
ɐɟɥɶɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɤɚɤɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɝɥɚɜɵ
ɇɄ ɊɎ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬ ɥɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɨɧɚɥɨɝɚɯɢɫɛɨɪɚɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɥɢɨɧɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɧɚɥɨɝɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɥɚɬɟɠɢɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɂ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɟɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɵɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯɩɫɬ
ɇɄ ɊɎ ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ȼȽ
ɉɚɧɫɤɨɜ Ⱥ Ʌɭɤɚɲ Ⱥȼ Ʌɨɩɚɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇȼ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɢɱ Ⱥȼ
Ɍɨɥɤɭɲɤɢɧ ȾȽ ɑɟɪɧɢɤ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɰɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ
Ɍɚɤ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦ
ɧɟɭɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɭɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ
ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
Ɏɇɋɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ ɨɬ ʋȿȾ#ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ
ɱɬɨ ©Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɜɵɲɟɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɟɣ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ«ɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɪɚɡɦɟɪɟª
ȼɷɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɢɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɚɭɞɢɬɚɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɱɚɫɬɢ
ɫɬɚɬɶɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɨɬ ʋ ɎɁ ©Ɉɛ
ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢªɞɚɥɟɟ±Ɂɚɤɨɧ1ɎɁ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɭɞɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɚɤɨɣɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɨɧɚɥɨɝɚɯɢɫɛɨɪɚɯɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɣɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɫ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɋɹɞ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɢɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɉ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟª ɉɢɫɶɦɨ Ɏɇɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢɨɬ ʋȿȾ
#ȼɫɟɨɧɚɥɨɝɚɯʋ
©Ɉɛ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ɋɨɫ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ 1
ɎɁɪɟɞɨɬɊɨɫɝɚɡ±±ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ1
Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ ȿȺ ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɊɎ ɎԤɇɇɚɭɤɚ
ʋ±ɋ
ȼɢɞɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɇɚɥɨɝɢ ɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ85/KWWSVQDORJSURUXɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬɱɟɬɚɯ
ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɯɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɇɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɤɬɨ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɢɯ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ©ɮɨɪɦɚª ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɫɬɇɄɊɎɗɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨ ɬɨɦɱɬɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɥɢɰ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ
ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸȾȺȺɪɬɟɦɟɧɤɨɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɜɢɞɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɫɹ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɥɢɛɨɤɚɤɚɹɬɨɱɚɫɬɶɷɬɨɣɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɜɢɞɨɦ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɂɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɤɚɤɛɨɥɟɟɭɡɤɨɝɨɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɗɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɛɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɯ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ
ɞɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɉɨɞ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɨɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɣ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɭ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɥɸɛɵɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦɞɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ
ɥɢɛɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ
ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱥɪɬɟɦɟɧɤɨ ȾȺ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɊɨɫɬɨɜɧȾɋɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɟɤ±ɋ
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