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Файл:Современные тенденции в развитии налогового контроля. Монография
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ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɫɬ
ɍɄɊɎɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɡɚɤɨɧɭɨɬ1ɎɁ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣɛɵɥɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵɭɡɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɭ±ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦɭɨɪɝɚɧɭ
ɗɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɄȻ Ȼɟɥɨɜɢɰɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɢɜ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥ ɧɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ ȼɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ
ɞɟɥ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɜɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɋɄɊɛɵɥɨɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɬɚɤɤɚɤ
ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɦɢ ± ɍɄ ɊɎ ɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɢ ɭɦɵɫɟɥ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɨɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɚɛɡɱ ɫɬɢ
ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɬɪɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɯ
ɝɨɞɚɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɱ ɫɬ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱ ɫɬ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɲɟɫɬɶɥɟɬɢɡɚɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɱɫɬ
ɍɄɊɎ±ɞɟɜɹɬɶɥɟɬ
©Ɉ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɢ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ
ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢªɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɤɨɧɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɬ1
ɎɁɊɨɫɝɚɡ±ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹʋ
Ȼɟɥɨɜɢɰɤɢɣ ɄȻ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɆȼȾ ɊɎ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɊɎɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨʋɋ
ɉɨɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɆȼȾɜ ɝɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɚ ɜ ɫɭɞ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɟɥɚ ȼ ɝ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɟɳɟ ɢɝɪɚɥɨ ɆȼȾ ɚ ɜ ɝ ±
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ
ɋɄɊ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ
ɫɛɨɪɚɯ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɋɄɊ ɜ ɝ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɜ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯɪɟɲɟɧɢɣȼɝ ɷɬɨɬɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɢɥɢ
ȼ ɝ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɝ ±
ɢɥɢ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵɩɪɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɨɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ
ɭɩɥɚɬɵɞɨɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɭɦɦɢɥɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɦɫɭɞɨɦɩɨ
ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɨ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɨɧɚɥɨɝɚɯɢ
ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɋɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ
ɷɬɢɯɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧɩɟɪɟɱɧɸɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭɜ
ɨɬɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɣɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢʋɤɩɪɢɤɚɡɭɆȼȾɊɎ1ɎɇɋɊɎ1
ɆɆɨɬ
ɒɤɥɹɪɭɤɆ©([WUDMXVȼɩɟɪɟɞɜɩɪɨɲɥɨɟªȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢɨɬʋ
ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ Ɇ 85/
NUNVOHGFRPUXXSORDG.ULPLQDOLVWPHWRGQDORJGRFɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɘɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯɞɟɥɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡ85/KWWSVZZZYHJDVOH[UXDQDO\WLFVDQDO\WLFDOBUHYLHZVɞɚɬɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬ ɫɬ ɢ
ɍɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɨɩɢɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɥɢɰɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ
ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɩ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ʋ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɬ
ɍɄɊɎɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɫɛɨɪɨɜɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɬ ʋ ɞɚɥɟɟ± Ɂɚɤɨɧ ʋ
ɎɁ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɉɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ ɨɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɧɨ ɢ
ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ
ɝɨɬɨɜɹɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɤɭɪɨɪɚ ɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨɛ
ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɹɜɤɚɫɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɣ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɦɦ
ɧɟɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɋɄɊ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ± ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɦ ɍɄ ɊɎ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɢ ɜɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɥɢɰɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ
ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɥɢɰɨɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɨɟɤɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
©Ɉ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢª
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɤɨɧ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɬʋɎɁɊɨɫ ɝɚɡ
ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹʋ
ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɧɟɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ Ɉɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɸ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɢɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰɚɜɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɇɟɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɦɵɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɰɚ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɬɨɥɤɭɸɬɫɹɜɩɨɥɶɡɭɷɬɨɝɨɥɢɰɚ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ
ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɚɥɟɟ±ɍɉɄɊɎ
ɨɛɜɢɧɹɟɦɵɣɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɛɭɞɟɬɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚɜɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɍɉɄɊɎɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɦ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɭɞɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɜɢɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ
ɧɟɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɜɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɜɢɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɥɟɠɢɬɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɧɟɨɛɜɢɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɪɟɡɭɦɩɰɢɢ ɧɟɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɨ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɨɧɩɨɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚ
ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɧɟɝɨ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤ ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ
ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɜɨɢɩɪɚɜɚɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ
ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɦ ɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɎ ɨɬ ʋ ɎɁ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ɫ
ɢɡɦɢɞɨɩɜɫɬɭɩɜɫɢɥɭɫɊɨɫɝɚɡɞɟɤɚɛɪɹʋ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɥɶɝɨɬɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɷɬɢɯ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜɧɚɷɬɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɥɶɝɨɬɵ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ
ɢɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɚɤɬɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ
ɊɎ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ±
ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɥɶɝɨɬɵ
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ
ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɤ ɢɯ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɋɄɊ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɊɎ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɢɰɟɥɟɣɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ
ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɫɭɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɞɧɨɣɢɡɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɡɚɞɚɱɦɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɇȾɋ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝ ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ ɫ
ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɇȾɋ ɉɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɝ ɋɚɧɤɬ
ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚɜɝɨɞɭɛɵɥɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɦɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɤɚɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɇȾɋ
Ʉɚɤ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ
ɮɚɥɶɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɭɩɥɢɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɢ
ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ ɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɫɬɍɉɄ
Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ
ɞɟɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɬ ɍɉɄ ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɯɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɯɨɞ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹɧɚɨɫɨɛɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ
ɋɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ Ȼɟɥɨɭɫɨɜ Ⱦ Ɇ Ɋɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ± ʋ 85/
KWWS]DNRQLURVUX"S ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ
ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɇɄ ɊɎɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ± ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɍɉɄ
ɐɟɥɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ
ɫɚɦɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɭɞɟɥɭ
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɜɵɲɟ©Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ
ɨɬ ª ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɞɟɥɚ
Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɜɢɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɧɵ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɥɢɰ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɚɤ ɲɬɚɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɵ ɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɧɚɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɥɢɰ ɤ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɥɢɰɢɞɪ
ȼɫɟɷɬɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɜ
ɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɞɥɹɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɮɚɤɬɨɜ©ɧɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨªɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ©ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢª
ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯɭɥɢɰɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɡɚɢɯɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ
ɋɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ Ɇɚɥɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ Ʉɚɤ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ Ɏɇɋ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɭɩɥɚɬɭ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ©Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪª
ZZZYHJDVOH[UXDQDO\WLFVSXEOLFDWLRQVLWBLVBQRZBRQBWRBSURYHBWD[BHYDVLRQ ɞɚɬɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɪɦɨɣɨɞɧɨɞɧɟɜɤɨɣ ɚ ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɨɛ ɈɊȾ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ
ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ©ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɨɜª
©ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬª©ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟªɢɬɞ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɚɤɠɟɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬɶɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɩɨ
ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹɫɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɋɄɊ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ Ɏɋɇɉ ɢ ɈȼȾ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɯ ɨɛ ɢɯ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɨ
ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɭɦɦɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯɭɩɥɚɬɟɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɦ
ɩɭɬɺɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɢɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚɯ ɩɩ ɩ ɫɬ ɇɄ ɊɎ Ɍɚɤɢɟɪɚɫɱɺɬɵ ɧɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɞɟɥɚ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɋɄɊ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɞɚɢɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣɨɬɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɋɄɊ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ
ɝɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ
ɬɵɫɹɱɚɜɝɨɞɭɜɫɟɝɨɬɵɫɹɱɢ
Ʉ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɫɺ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɟ ȼ ɋɄɊ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ
ɧɨɜɭɸɬɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɨɬɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɄɨɦɦɟɪɫɚɧɬɴɨɬ
ʋɋ
Ⱦɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɜ
ɝɨɞɭ
ɉɨɢɬɨɝɚɦɝɨɞɚɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɵɛɵɥɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɦɢ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ±
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɎ ɢ
ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɎ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɝɨɞɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɵɫɭɦɦɵɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɢɨɫɨɛɨɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɞɥɹɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɍɄɊɎ ɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɵ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɫɬɇɄɊɎɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɨɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯɞɟɥ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ
ɞɟɥ
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɋɄɊ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ
ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɨɦɭ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɋɄɊ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬ ɢ ɍɄ ɊɎ
ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɥɶɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɥɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɢɯ
ɩɨɞɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɑɚɩɤɢɧɚ ɇȺ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɏɇɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɡɚ
ɝɝ ɇɚɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ʋ ɋ '2,
; 85/ KWWSHQRWDEHQHUXSQQDUWLFOHBKWPO ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɋɦɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ Ʉɩɪɹɦɵɦɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɜɫɺɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɟȼ ɋɄɊ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢɧɨɜɭɸɬɚɤɬɢɤɭɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɨɬɭɩɥɚɬɵɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɄɨɦɦɟɪɫɚɧɬɴɨɬ
±ʋɋ
©ɇɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɭɩɥɚɬɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹª ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɯ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣɋɄɊ
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɜɛɨɪɶɛɟɫɭɯɨɞɨɦɨɬɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ
Ɉɇ Ƚɨɪɛɭɧɨɜɚ ɇȺ ɀɢɪɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɹɞ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɧɚɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɆȼȾ ɬɟɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚ Ɏɋɇɉ ɊɎ ± ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ ɜ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ
ɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɄȻ Ȼɟɥɨɜɢɰɤɢɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɛɨɪɶɛɵɫɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɆȼȾ ɊɎ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ
ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ
ɗȻ ɢ ɉɄ ɆȼȾ ɊɎ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ
ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧ
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ȿɝɨ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ
ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɋɦɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɀɢɪɧɨɜɚɇȺȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɢɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ
ɞɟɥɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɇɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ʋ '2, ; 85/ KWWSHQRWDEHQHUXSQQDUWLFOHBKWPO
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