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Файл:Практический курс английского языка. Учебное пособие
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P: How did Trevor come to invent theclockwork radio?
C: Well, in 1993 he was watching a programmeon TV. It was about the spread of
AIDS inAfrica. He heard that because radios weretoo expensive, many people in
villagesnever got educational and healthinformation.
P: I see. So. Trevor decided to invent a cheapersort of radio.
C: Exactly. He started experimenting in hisworkshop. He remembered that in the
olddays people didn't use electricity to listen tomusic. They used to wind up the
recordplayer manually using clockwork.
P: So. How successful was his prototype?
C: Well, his first prototype ran for fourteenminutes on a two-minute wind. He
called itFreeplay technology.
P: So what did he do next?
C: He took his invention to Marconi andPhillips, and to other large
organizations,but they all turned it down. They didn'tthink that the people in poor
countrieswould be able to pay for the product.
P: Then how did he get it manufactured?
C: Well, by the end of 1993 Baylis was going togive up. He was tired of all the
rejections. Butin April 1994 he went on a TV programmeabout innovation and inventions.
A SouthAfrican business man.HyltonAppelbaumsaw the programme and decided to
invest.Hylton realized that the radio had greatpotential for the rural poor in Africa.
P: End of story?
C: No. not really. They encountered lots oftechnical problems. The prototype
wasn'tloud enough and they had to make a lot ofadjustments to improve the radio
beforethey could manufacture it. Eventually, theradio could play for an hour on a 30secondwind.
P: What a saving on batteries' Where was theradio manufactured?
C: They set up a company called Baygen inSouth Africa. Trevor kept control of
thepatents.The company employed 250disabled people to work in the factory. Todaythe
radios are manufactured in China.
P: What's next for Trevor?
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C: Well. Trevor never stops inventing. He is currently developing electric shoes.
P: Electric shoes!?
C: Yes, he realized that walking can make.
Unit 7 ex. 7.5 a p.75
K=Karen, T=Tim, P=Pia, D=Daniel
1 K: Excuse me.
T: Oh, hello.
K: Could you possibly tell me where the bluemeeting room is?
T: Yes, of course. It's on the second floor, justnext to the lift.
K: Thanks very much.
2 P: Yes, that's right... Yes, I did... OK, see youthen.
K: Sorry, but would you mind telling me thenumber of the IT department?
P: Not at all. It's... wait a moment... 2020.
K: Thank you.
P: That's OK.
3 K: Excuse me. Do you think you could tell methe name of the Human
Resourcesmanager?
D: Er... I'm very sorry, but I only started workhere last week and I can't
remember it!
Unit 7 ex. 7.5 b p.75
1 1 Would you mind if I closed the door?
2 Could you possibly pass me that book?
3 Would you mind telling me where the coffeemachine is?
4 Do you think you could help me?
2 1 Could I possibly open the window? (polite)
2 Would you mind helping me with mycomputer? (polite)
3 Do you think you could read this? (impolitetone)
4 Would you mind if I borrowed your stapler?(polite)
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Unit 7 ex. 7.5 c p.76
Student A
Take it in turns to interrupt your partner and ask politequestions. Use the
Expressions on p.73. Remember to bepolite!
You want to:
• know where the restaurant is
• use your colleague's dictionary
• make a private phone call
• know where the manager/director's office is
Student B
Take it in turns to interrupt your partner and ask politequestions. Use the
Expressions on p.73. Remember to bepolite!
You want to:
• open the window
•know where the drinks dispenser is
•borrow your colleague's dictionary
• know where the toilets are
Unit 8 ex. 8.3.2 p.82
1 Actually I think that many businesses todaytry to make a positive impact on
theenvironment. Obviously this is due tocampaigns and consumer pressure. But, youknow,
many manufacturers get a competitiveadvantage to help the environment andcharities
because they give themselves a betterpublic image. They can promote themselves asethical
and make more profits too!
2 I know that all companies do some damage tothe world, but they can also do a
lot of good.They give money to charity and helpcampaigns to improve the environment.
Lookat Bill Gates and all the good his charities do.They also have to respond to
consumerpressure, and then there's the negativepublicity — it makes them clean up their
act,change their strategies. We can't thinkindustry will go away. Our future depends
onbusinesses finding solutions to the world'sproblems.
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3 You know, big businesses can be a bit cynical. Imean, look at the way they
advertise sweetsand sweet foods to children. They targetchildren directly with, er,
advertising andattractive products although they know thattheir products actually harm
them.
4 Well, there are many businesses today that areethical. If you want, you can
buy Fairtrade foodand drink, wear organic clothes and, um,choose transport that's less
polluting. You caneven buy computers and phones from moreethical companies. They try
to limit thedamage they do and recycle whatever theycan.
5 I um, I believe that many large corporations doa lot of harm to the
environment. Becausethey're powerful, they think they can doanything they want. I mean,
in India, big drinksmanufacturers are polluting the watersupplies for people. And, um, lots
of theingredients used by industry are destroyinghabitats such as the rainforest.
Unit 8 ex. 8.6.1 p.87
K=Kim, L=Laura
K: Hello, Laura.
L: Oh hi, Kim.
K: You wanted to see me.
L: That's right. Please, take a seat.
K: Thanks.
L: Erm... well, you've made excellent progresssince you started here, and done
someexcellent work...
K: Thank you.
L: I wanted to talk to you because over the pastfew weeks you seem to have had
one or twoproblems...
K: Yes...I understand that several articles you'veworked on have been late.Well, I
admit that I've missed a couple ofdeadlines, but I don't think it was my fault.The reason
why those articles were late isthat the writers didn't deliver them to me onschedule. And
that's why I didn't edit themin time.
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L: I grant that writers can be a big problem...but there were mistakes in the
articles. Ithink there was a wrong date in one ofthem, and the manager of a company
wasgiven the wrong surname.
K: That's because I didn't have time to check allthe facts. I had to check their
grammar,spelling... everything. The articles werereally badly written! And we can't
publishbad writing.
L: It's true that we should never publish poorwriting. One of the reasons why our
readersbuy our magazine is because they expecthigh quality writing. But they also buy
itbecause they can rely on the accuracy of theinformation. We must never publish
factualerrors. Every fact has to be checked anddouble checked.
K: You're right... I know that...
L: So when you have very little time to edit anarticle, always check the
information first.That's your top priority. We have to get thatright. And if we publish an
ungrammaticalsentence, well, nobody's going to take us tocourt for that.
K: es... I'm sorry.
L: Don't worry, Kim. You're still doing a goodjob. And you're still learning.
K: Thanks.
L: OK, let's talk about something else. What doyou think about this for a cover
image?...
K: Oh, that's brilliant.
Unit 8 ex. 8.6.3 p.87
Student A
1 You haven't made a phone call to Mr. Clark, animportant customer. Student B
isn't very happy aboutit. Think of a good reason why you haven't made the call. Use the
Expressions on p.85. Student B will startthe conversation.
2 Student B didn't get to an important meeting with youthis morning. You want
to know why. When Student Btries to explain, make concessions, but try to get abetter
explanation. Use the Expressions on p.85. Youstart: Why didn't you come to the meeting
thismorning?
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3 You didn't visit one of your suppliers yesterday.Student B isn't very happy
about it. Think of a goodreason why you didn't made the visit. Student B willstart the
conversation.
4 Student B used your computer yesterday withoutasking you. Student B seems
to have deleted some ofyour files. You want to know why. When Student B triesto
explain, make concessions, but try to get a betterexplanation. You start: you used
mycomputer yesterday.
Unit 8 ex. 8.6.3 p.87
Student B
1 Student A hasn't made a phone call to Mr. Clark, animportant customer. You
want to know why. WhenStudent A tries to explain, make concessions, but try toget a
better explanation. Use the Expressions on p.85.You start: Why haven't you called Mr.
Clark?
2 You didn't get to an important meeting with Student Athis morning. Student
A isn't very happy about it.Think of a good reason why you were late. Use theExpressions
on p.85. Student A will start theconversation.
3 Student A didn't visit one of your suppliers yesterday. You want to know
why. When Student A tries toexplain, make concessions, but try to get a betterexplanation.
You start: I understand you didn't visit oneof our suppliers yesterday.
4 You used Student A's computer yesterday. You didn'task him, and
unfortunately you seem to have deletedsome of his files. Student A is not at all happy
about it.Think of a good reason why you didn't ask him andwhat happened to the files.
Student A will start.
Unit 9 ex. 9.1.3 p.92
C=Carlos, I=Isabel, G=Gilberto
C: Right, to wind up this meeting, let's just gothrough the points again we
identified inour SWOT analysis. Isabel?
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I: OK. So we have four main strengths. Wehave a good knowledge of the
productswe're selling. We also hold stocks ofspecialist goods so, if they come to us,
mostcustomers will find what they're looking for.We also have good sources of supply, so
ourdelivery is fast and efficient. And, of course,we have a strong commitment to our
onlineoperation.
C: OK, so we know we have our strengths, whatdid we identify as our
weaknesses?
I: First of all, we're still only really known andused regionally. We haven't
broken into awider market. And that's another problem.We don't have a good enough
knowledge ofthe market in other countries.
C: Was that everything?
I: No. We think we'd also find it difficult todeliver orders if demand was high.
C: OK, passing on to opportunities and threats.Would you like to take over,
Gilberto?
G: Sure. We identified two main opportunities.One: we think we can get access
to newcustomers. And two: we have the ability tobuild our brand name, so that's a top.
I: Actually, we'd suggested a thirdopportunity. We can also offer new
productsand services, such as music downloads.
G: That's right. But we came up with only twomain threats, didn't we?
I: Yes.
G: The first threat was we face strongcompetition from other
establishedcompany websites. And the second was thatour competitors may offer a better,
fasterservice.
C: Thanks very much. We certainly have a lot tothink about.
Unit 9 ex. 9.4.3 p.102
L=Laura, K=Kim, J=Jamie, Y=Yusuf
1 L: OK, taking a look at our sales figures for thepast five months, you can
see that weperformed very well in January andFebruary, but there was a real decline in
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thenext two months. But the situation isimproving. We saw a real improvement lastmonth,
and I'm sure that next month we'llachieve our target.
K: But what about for the rest of the year?
L: I expect that we'll continue to see animprovement in our sales and we
probablywill be very close to our target. Yes, I thinkwe're likely to be very close.
J: I agree. In fact, with the changes we putthrough last month, and with our
improveddistribution, I'd go a step further and saywe're bound to achieve our figures!
L: You don't look convinced, Yusuf.
Y: Oh well, we may achieve them, we mightnot, I don't know... I mean, I know
we haddistribution problems earlier in the year,and that problem's been sorted out now.
Butit's a competitive market.
L: Is that your only concern?
Y: Er... no, it isn't. Have you seen this?
2 Y I came across this on the Web.
L: What is it?
Y: People are talking about a possible takeover.There's at least one major
publisher who'sinterested in buying the business.
J: Oh, Yusuf, that's just gossip.
Y: You can say that, but I think we're likely toface an aggressive takeover bid.
L: I'm absolutely sure that won't happen. Ihaven't heard anything about this –
haveyou, Jamie?
J: No.
L: Kim?
K: Well, I have heard something – I have somefriends who work for the
competition, andthey mentioned it to me - but as Jamie said,it's just rumours. I doubt it
will happen.
J: That's right. I don't think that's a problemwe'll have to face.
Y: Well, I'm not so sure. There's no smokewithout fire...
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Unit 9 ex. 9.4.4 p.103
Work in groups. Look at the topics below. What do youthink will happen in these
areas in the next ten years?Discuss your ideas with your group, giving reasons. Use the
Expressions on p.100.
• communications •the office environment • air travel
•shopping •the global economy •computers
Unit 9 ex. 9.5.2 p.103
Read about Honda. Then ask your partner yourquestions and answer your partner's
questions.Student B's questions
• What does Honda make?
• Where is Honda based?
• How did Honda start?
• How did it develop into a multinational company?
Honda
Honda develops racing motorcyclesand participates in motorcycle racesaround the
world. It also builds carsfor Formula One and won theHungarian Grand Prix in
2006.Honda's robotics program has beenbuilding robots since 1986.Honda is not as big as
its rival Toyotabut its revenue and profits aregrowing annually. Its profits in 2007were
about $5 billion due in part tothe popularity of its small cars inNorth America, which
areeconomical to run. Sales revenuesare also growing in other marketssuch as Asia, and
Europe. It is technically innovative. Hasaflexible approach, and benefits from
lowproduction costs due to the quantitiesthey manufacture. Honda also has verysuccessful
marketing strategies, andmemorable advertising campaigns.It believes in sharing its
'dream'around the world. It aims to make itsworkplace safe, fair and diverse, and to
conduct business ethically. It hasabout 140,000 employeesworldwide. It invests in
research anddevelopment and also invests inmany projects to help the widercommunity.
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ПриложениеБ
(справочное)
Grammar reference
Unit 4 ex. 4.2.1 p.34
Comparatives and Superlatives (table Б.1)
Table Б.1
Adjective Comparative Superlative
One syllable
cheap
One syllable
large
One syllable ending in one
vowel + consonant
big
Two syllables-y
easy
Two syllables
famous
Irregular adjectives
good
+ -er
cheaper
+ -r
larger
double consonant + -er
bigger
y -> i + -er
easier
+ more
more famous
better
+ -est
the cheapest
+ -st
the largest
double consonant + -est
the biggest
y -> i + -est
the easiest
+ the most
the most famous
the best
bad
worse
the worst
Comparatives
We use comparative adjectives to describe how twothings are different.
We offer a higher interest rate (than other banks).
Their products are more expensive (than ours).
TV adverts are better (than radio adverts).
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