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Файл:Международные конвенции и кодексы. Том №3. Учебное пособие
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МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ И КОДЕКСЫ
ТОМ 3
101
Permit
Purpose
Hot Work
Permit
Applicable to works involving sources of ignition or temperature
conditions sufficiently high to cause ignition of combustible gases,
vapour or liquids in or adjacent to the area involved. These include:
- Hot work involving high temperatures or flame,
- Welding or burning,
- Grinding,
- Use of non intrinsically-safe electrical equipment on dangerous
areas of the vessel,
- Use of soldering apparatus or other means involving a flame, fire, or
heat, and the use of industrial type apparatus for repairs,
modifications or testing of electrical equipment on dangerous areas
of the vessel,
- Lifting of equip. and materials overhead of pumproom pipelines,
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 17
«PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM»
Учебные вопросы:
17.1 Work Permit Forms
17.2 Entry Into Enclosed Spaces
17.3 The following are Examples of Normal Operational Entry
17.4 Hot Work on Tankers
17.5 Assessment & Agreement on Hot Work
17.6 Preparations For Hot Work
17.7 Hot Work In Enclosed Spaces
17.8 Hot Work Above The Tank Deck
17.9 Hot work on pipelines
17.10 Safety Checks Before Commencement of Hot Work
17.11 Safety Checks During Hot Work
17.12 Safety Checks after Hot Work
17.1 Work Permit Forms
The following table summarizes the Permit Forms to be used on board Company
managed vessels to regulate the preparation and performance of potentially hazardous
works:
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Permit
Purpose
manifolds, etc., which may contain flammable gases
Cold Work
Permit
Cold Work Permits apply to works carried out in a dangerous area of
the vessel (refer to ISGOTT definition of dangerous area) which will
not involve generation of temperature conditions likely to be of
sufficient intensity to cause ignition of combustible gases, vapour or
liquids in or adjacent to the area involved. These include:
- blanking/de-blanking, disconnecting and connecting pipework,
- removing and fitting of valves, blanks, spades or blinds,
- work on pumps,
- work carried out on any electrical apparatus or wiring on dangerous
areas of the vessel which while not falling in the category of hot
work may involve opening of any flame-proof or explosion-proof
enclosure (e.g. changing of lamps) or may otherwise impair the
special safety characteristics provided in connection with standard
apparatus.
Enclosed Space
Entry Permit
Permit Form applicable to the entry of personnel into a space or
compartment with restricted access that is not subject to continuous
ventilation and in which the atmosphere may be hazardous due to the
presence of hydrocarbon gas, toxic gases, inert gas or oxygen
deficiency.
Pumproom
Entry Permit
Permit Form applicable to the entry of personnel into Pumprooms.
Underwater
Work/Survey
Permit
Permit Form applicable to works or surveys carried out by divers.
Electrical
Isolation
Certificate
Permit Form applicable to works carried out on electrical equipment,
or on equipment powered by electricity, which if inadvertently
switched on would involve hazards to working personnel or to the
equipment itself.
Special Work
Permit
Permit Form applicable to works not falling under the scope of any of
the above Permits but likely to involve considerable risks to the safety
of personnel, ship or environment. Examples of such works are:
- Works outboard and over side, except for routine pre-arrival
preparation of ladders, handling of life-saving craft, etc.
- works aloft over machinery or cargo working,
- works aloft using cradles, stages, punts or bosun’s chairs,
- works on or near live electrical equipment, or on equipment
designed to operate at a normal system voltage in excess of 1Kv
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ И КОДЕКСЫ
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Permit
Purpose
(high voltage equipment), or in electrical equipment under
conditions of wetness, high humidity and high temperature, for
which an Electrical Isolation Certificate is not in force,
- works on the Steering Gear when the ship is underway,
- works on steam/fuel pipes or hydraulic & pneumatic equipment
under pressure,
- charging of refrigerating plants and working on refrigerating plants
when refrigerant leaks are suspected.
17.2 Entry Into Enclosed Spaces
An enclosed space is one with restricted access that is not subject to continuous
ventilation and in which the atmosphere may be hazardous due to the presence of
hydrocarbon gas, toxic gases, inert gas or oxygen deficiency. This definition includes cargo
tanks, ballast tanks, fuel tanks, water tanks, lubricating oil tanks, slop and waste oil tanks,
sewage tanks, cofferdams, duct keels, void spaces and trunkings, pipe lines or fittings
connected to any of these. It also includes inert gas scrubbers and water seals and any other
item of machinery or equipment that is not routinely ventilated and entered, such as boilers
and main engine crankcases.
Other spaces on board may be classified as Enclosed Spaces and the Ship’s
Management may determine whether any such spaces are in fact Dangerous by the
application of Risk Assessment in accordance the Code of Safe Working Practices.
To guard against inadvertent entry into a restricted access enclosed space the
entrances to all such spaces shall be kept closed or otherwise secured. Prominent notices
should be posted at the entrances (when opened up) to such spaces indicating that access to
that space is restricted and permission sought from the Master or Chief Engineer before
entry procedures are initiated.
Entry into all such spaces, particularly where they have been closed for extended
periods with ventilation shut down, is subject to the Company’s Permit to Work System,
which requires an Entry Permit to be issued.
For Pump rooms, onboard Management may determine whether the requirement for
entry is for Normal Operational purposes, or for Maintenance Operational purposes.
For a Normal Operational entry, relevant section of the Entry Permit Form is to
be used, which requires an atmosphere test prior to the first entry of the day, and a
requirement for retesting and re-evaluation of the conditions of entry should circumstances
within the space change.
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17.3 The following are Examples of Normal Operational Entry
Routine Inspections during Cargo & Ballast Operations; Valve operation during
Cargo & Ballast Operations; Routine Maintenance that does NOT involve the opening of
cargo lines, valve or pumps to atmosphere.
For a Maintenance Operational entry, by which is implied that the required
maintenance could lead to the development of an unsafe atmosphere within the space, then
the conditions of the Enclosed Space entry Permit must be complied with.
In accordance with this permit spaces are to be well ventilated and the atmosphere
tested with appropriate equipment, breathing apparatus and resuscitation equipment is to be
available at the entrance. Particular attention should be paid to access in that it should be
ensured that a person wearing breathing apparatus can obtain entry to the space in an
emergency. Illumination should be adequate.
Should there be any doubt as to the classification of entry then the requirements of
Entry Permit are to be adhered to.
All entries into these spaces should be supervised by a responsible person from
outside the space and communication arrangements agreed before entry. The bridge must
be informed of the conditions of any entry Permit issued, particularly the period of validity.
The guidance given in the Code of Safe Working Practices are to be strictly adhered
to by all vessels and the contents of these should be brought to the attention of all Officers
and Ratings.
Enclosed Space Warning Notices are to be posted in prominent positions, two in the
ratings messrooms and two in the Officers messrooms. These notices are to be in English
and the text is to read:
NO PERSON MUST ENTER ANY CARGO HOLD, CARGO TANK OR ANY
OTHER TANK OR ENCLOSED SPACE WITHOUT FIRST OBTAINING PERMISSION
FROM THE CHIEF OFFICER OR CHIEF ENGINEER.
Similar notices are to be posted at the entrance to any such space (when opened up)
where access can be gained.
The Master is to ensure that the enclosed Entry Permit system is strictly enforced.
All company vessels will hold drills simulating the rescue of a crew member from an
Enclosed space at intervals not exceeding two months. A record of such drills is to be
entered in the Official Log Book and in the appropriate section of the Safety Equipment
Maintenance Schedule of the Safety Equipment Book.
17.4 Hot Work on Tankers
The Company fully endorses the industry requirements and guidelines on Hot Work
as laid down in the ISGOTT. Accordingly and considering the potential hazards involved,
any such work should be only performed on board managed tankers under the following
strictly controlled conditions:
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ И КОДЕКСЫ
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- When performed outside the engine room workshop, Hot Work should be subject
to the issuance and restrictions of a Hot Work Permit and to previous approval by the
Company’s Safety and Quality Department.
- Requests to the Company for Hot Work permission should be made using the
“Risk Assessment “ Form .
- Hot work should be strictly prohibited during cargo, ballast, tank cleaning,
gas freeing, purging or inerting operations.
- Hot work outside the engine room workshop should only be permitted if no other
viable means of repair exists. Alternatives to be considered include cold work, or removal
of the work piece to the main machinery spaces.
- Hot work outside the engine room workshop should only be permitted in
accordance with prevailing national or international regulations and/or port/terminal
requirements.
- The decision to proceed with hot work must take into account the possible
presence of hydrocarbon vapours in the atmosphere, and the existence of potential sources
of ignition.
- One HWP must be issued for each individual task, i.e. when hot work is to be
carried out at two different places, one HWP should be issued for each work, however it is
not recommended that hot work is conducted in more than one place at the same time
unless this is unavoidable..
- The HWP must specify its period of validity, which should not exceed one
normal working day. This means that when a given hot work has to be performed on two
consecutive or alternate days, two separate HWP’s must be issued for the work.
17.5 Assessment & Agreement on Hot Work
The Master has always the ultimate decision onboard as to whether the hot work is
justifiable and safe, and should determine the extent of the precautions required. When
assessing the conditions for hot work, he should always refer to the guidance provided by
the Hot Work Flowchart in Chapter 9, Table 9.1 of the ISGOTT.
Before hot work is started, the Master should ensure that a safety meeting is held
under his chairmanship, at which the planned work and the safety precautions should be
carefully reviewed. The meeting should be attended at least by all those who will have
responsibilities in connection with the work. An agreed plan for the work and the related
safety precautions should be made.
The plan for the works must clearly and unambiguously designate one officer who is
responsible for the supervision of the work and another officer who is responsible for safety
precautions including fire-extinguishing facilities and means of communication between all
parties involved.
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All personnel involved in the preparations and in the hot work operation, must be
briefed and instructed in their own role. They must clearly understand which officer is
responsible for work supervision and which is responsible for safety precautions.
17.6 Preparations For Hot Work
All operations involving the cargo, ballast, venting or inerting systems, including
tank cleaning, gas freeing, purging or inerting should be stopped before hot work is
undertaken, and throughout the entire duration of the hot work. If the work is interrupted to
permit pumping of ballast or other operations using such systems, it should not be re-started
until all precautions have been re-checked, and a new Hot Work Permit Proposal has to be
reissued by the Master and send for approval to the Company.
No hot work should be carried out on bulkheads of bunker tanks containing bunkers,
or within 0.5 metres from such bulkheads.
17.7 Hot Work In Enclosed Spaces
Hot work carried out in Enclosed Spaces must be subject to the issuance and
restrictions of an Enclosed Space Entry Permit in addition to the Hot Work Permit.
A compartment in which hot work is to be undertaken should be cleaned and
ventilated until tests of the atmosphere indicate 21 % oxygen content by volume and not
more than 1 % LFL.
A compartment in which hot work is to be undertaken must be kept under constant
ventilation throughout the period of work. Adjacent cargo tanks, including diagonally
positioned cargo tanks, should either have been:
- cleaned and gas freed to hot work standard, or
- cleaned and hydrocarbon vapour content reduced to not more than 1 % by volume
and kept inerted, or completely filled with water.
Other cargo tanks which are not gas free should be purged of hydrocarbon vapour to
less than 2% by volume and kept inerted and secured.
On a vessel without an inert gas system, all cargo tanks except tanks containing slops
should be cleaned and gas freed. Slops should be placed in a tank as far as possible from
the hot work area, and the tank kept closed.
Adjacent ballast tanks, and compartments other than cargo tanks, should be checked
to ensure they are gas free and safe for hot work. If found to be contaminated by
hydrocarbon liquid or vapours, the cause of the contamination should be determined and
the tank(s) cleaned and gas freed.
All interconnecting pipelines to other compartments should be flushed through with
water, drained, vented and isolated from the compartment where hot work will take place.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ И КОДЕКСЫ
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Cargo lines may be subsequently inerted or completely filled with water if considered
necessary. Vapour lines and inert gas lines to the compartment should also be ventilated
and isolated. Heating coils should be flushed.
All sludge, cargo-impregnated scale, sediment or other material likely to give off
vapour which is flammable, should be removed from the work area. The extent of the
cleaned area should be established following a risk assessment of the particular work to be
carried out. Special attention shall be given to the reverse side of frames and bulkheads.
Ships officers are referred to ISGOTT Chapter 9, Table 9.2 for details of radius of cleaning
requirements. This table gives guidance on the safe distances for areas to be cleaned and
represents minimum requirements – which may need to be extended, based on the result of
the risk assessment. Cleaning distances are based on the type of work to be carried out and
it’s height above the tank bottom. An adjacent fuel oil bunker tank may be considered safe
if tests using a combustible gas indicator give a reading of not more than 1 % LFL in the
ullage space of the bunker tank, and no heat transfer through the bulkhead of the bunker
tank will be caused by the hot work. Hot Work on Tank Deck Plating
No hot work shall be carried out on the deck above bunker tanks that contain
bunkers, or within 500mm from such decks.
If Hot work is to be carried out on or less than 500mm above the tank deck plating
then this work should be carried out with all adjacent spaces, including the space below the
location of the work, cleaned and inerted as for hot work within the enclosed space.
Precautions for cleaning and isolating pipelines serving the space should also be taken.
17.8 Hot Work Above The Tank Deck
If hot work is to be undertaken at a height greater than 500mm above the tank deck,
cargo and slop tanks within a radius of at least 30 metres around the working area must be
purged and hydrocarbon vapour reduced to less than 2 % by volume and inerted. All other
cargo tanks in the cargo area must be inerted with openings securely closed.
Adjacent ballast tanks, and compartments other than cargo tanks, should be checked
to ensure they are gas-free and safe for hot work. If found to be contaminated by
hydrocarbon liquid or vapours they should be cleaned and gas freed.
On a vessel without an inert gas system all cargo tanks except those containing slops,
must be cleaned and freed of hydrocarbon vapour to less than 1 % LFL. Tanks containing
slops should be kept closed and be beyond 30 metres from the work area.
17.9 Hot work on pipelines
Wherever possible pipelines should be detached and removed to the vessels
workshop for hot work. However if this is not possible then Hot work on pipelines and
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ И КОДЕКСЫ
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valves should only be permitted when the appropriate item has been detached from the
system by cold work and the remaining system blanked off.
The appropriate item of pipeline or valve to be worked on should be cleaned and gas
freed to a “safe for hot work” standard, regardless of whether or not it is removed from the
hazardous cargo area.
When hot work has to be carried out on or near heating coils which cannot be
detached, the particular heating coils ring should be flushed or blown through with steam
and proved that they are clean and free of hydrocarbons.
17.10 Safety Checks Before Commencement of Hot Work
Immediately before hot work is started, the place of work must be examined jointly
by the officer responsible for safety precautions and by the officer responsible for the
supervision of the work to ensure that all applicable safety precautions have been enforced,
and particularly to verify that:
- A written plan for the work being undertaken shall have been prepared and
discussed – during the Safety Meeting held prior the execution of the Hot Work - with all
personnel having any connection with the works.
- The oxygen content is 21 % by volume and that tests with a combustible gas
indicator show not more than 1 % LFL.
- Adequate fire-fighting equipment is laid out and ready for immediate use.
- Fire watch procedures are established for the area of hot work, and in adjacent
non-inerted spaces where the transfer of heat, or accidental damage, may create a hazard
(e.g. damage to hydraulic lines, electrical cables, thermal oil lines etc.).
- Direct means of communications are established between the officer supervising
the works and the relevant control centre (Bridge, Cargo Control Room or Engine Control
Room).
- Effective means of containing and extinguishing welding sparks and molten slag
are established.
- Welding and other equipment employed is carefully inspected to ensure it is in
good condition, and correctly earthed whenever applicable.
- The following special precautions are taken when electric-arc equipment is to be
used:
- The electrical supply connections are made in a gas free space.
- The existing supply wiring is adequate to carry the electrical current
demanded without overloading, causing heating.
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Vessel Name:
Date
This permit relates to any work in a hazardous or dangerous area which will not involve generation of
temperature conditions likely to be of sufficient intensity to cause ignition of combustible gases, vapours or
liquids in or adjacent to the area involved.
Date ‘Risk assessment’ completed for operation and date reviewed for continued suitability
General
This permit is valid from: _________ Hrs Date: _________
- The insulation of flexible electric cables laid across the deck is in good
condition.
- The cable route to the worksite is safe and, whenever possible, only passes
over gas free or inerted spaces.
- The earthing connection is adjacent to the work site with the earth return
cable, when fitted, led directly back to the welding machine.
- A responsible crew member is posted permanently at the source of the power
supply, provided with direct means of contact with the officer responsible for the
supervision of the work, and well instructed to disconnect the power supply in case of an
emergency.
17.11 Safety Checks During Hot Work
Throughout hot work operations, the officer responsible for the supervision of the
work and the officer responsible for safety precautions must monitor the works so as to
warrant that:
- The work area is adequately and continuously ventilated.
- Tests to the workplace atmosphere are carried out as prescribed.
- Checks are regularly made to ensure there is no ingress of flammable vapours or
liquids, toxic gases or inert gas from adjacent or connected spaces.
- Monitoring of fire watch procedures are maintained during works and continued
for sufficient time after completion of hot work.
- Atmospheres are re-tested after each break in work periods, and at regular
intervals.
- Welding and other equipment employed are carefully inspected before each
occasion of use to ensure its good condition.
17.12 Safety Checks after Hot Work
In view of the risk of delayed fires resulting from the use of burning or welding
apparatus, careful and frequent checks shall be made for at least two hours after the work
has ended.
COLD WORK PERMIT
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ И КОДЕКСЫ
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This permit is valid to: _________ Hrs Date: _________
Location of work ___________________________________________
Has enclosed space entry permit been issued? YES/NO
Description of cold work ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Personnel carrying out cold work ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Personnel responsible for cold work___________________________________________________
Personnel responsible for safety ______________________________________________________
Section 1
Preparation and checks to be carried out by Officer in Charge of cold work to be performed.
1. The equipment/pipeline has been prepared as follows:
Vented to atmosphere: YES/NO Drained: YES/NO
Washed: YES/NO Purged: YES/NO
2. The equipment/pipeline has been isolated as follows:
Lines Blanked : YES/NO Lines Disconnected: YES/NO
Valves Closed : YES/NO Other:………………………….
3. Is equipment free from:
Oil: YES/NO Gas: YES/NO H2S : YES/NO Steam: YES/NO
Pressure: YES/NO
4. Is surrounding area free from hazards? YES/NO
5. If work is to be performed on electrical equipment has that equipment been isolated? YES/NO
Section 2
Information and instructions to person carrying out cold work:
1. The following personal protection must be
worn………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Equipment/pipeline contained following material in service……………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Equipment expected to contain the following hazardous material when opened ……………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Special conditions/precautions ………………………………………………………………….……..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In the circumstances noted it is considered safe to proceed with this cold work.
Signed _______________________________________ Master/Responsible Officer
Signed _______________________________________ Person carrying out work task
Or in charge of cold work team
Section 3
The cold work has been completed and all persons under my supervision, materials and equipment
have been withdrawn.
Authorized person in charge _____________ Time __________ Date __________
First copy for display at work area.
Second copy for ship files .
GUIDANCE NOTES FOR COLD WORK PERMIT
Starting/finishing time must not exceed the Authorized Signatories/Responsible Officer’s working hours.
1. Specific location of cold work to be given.
2. Description of cold work to include type of equipment to be used.
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