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1.3. Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ) ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɪɚɡɛɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ (ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). ɉɪɢɱɺɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɭɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɪɭɛɪɢɤ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ, ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɵɣ
ɢ ɩɹɬɵɣ ɛɥɨɤɢ – ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɍɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ (ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɇɂɈɄɊ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ). ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
– ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ
ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ;
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ
ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ;
– ɧɚɰɟɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɪɵɧɤɚ;
– ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ;
– ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ.
ɋɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɪɢɫɤ,
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦ,
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ). ɋɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
21
ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɞɨɥɸ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɹɯ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ. ɇɟɭɞɚɱɧɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵ ɨɬ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɱɟɪɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɇɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ: ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɵɟ; ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ; ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ; ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ; ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ: ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ;
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ; ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ; ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ; ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ; ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɟ.
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ:
– ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ;
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ;
– ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ;
– ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ;
– ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ;
– ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ;
– ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ:
– ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
– ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ (ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱ-
ɧɢɤɨɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
– ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫ-
ɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
– ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ-
ɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.
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Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
– ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ;
– ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ;
– ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
– ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ
ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ: ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ:
– ɬɨɜɚɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ
ɪɨɞɟ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ;
– ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɪɵɧɨɤ ɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ;
– ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ – ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɫ ɫɚ-
ɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ;
– ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ – ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ;
– ɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ – ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɰɟ-
ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ;
– ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟ-
ɬɢɧɝɚ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ (ɰɟɧɵ, ɩɥɚɧ ɫɛɵɬɚ);
– ɦɟɠɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ – ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɚɝ-
ɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ;
– ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ – ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɭɠɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢ-
ɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
– ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ), ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɟɧɢɢ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
– ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɨ-
ɠɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
– ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ – ɭɫɩɟɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɰɟ-
ɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ;
– ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ
ɯɨɞɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ;
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– ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ – ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɤɚɞɪɨ-
ɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ;
– ɪɨɥɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɛɵɫɬ-
ɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ;
– ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɤɚɥɟɧ-
ɞɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ
ɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ:
– ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ, ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ;
– ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɨɬ-
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ;
– ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɯ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɷɬɚɩ – ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɞɟɣ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ-
ɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ:
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɟɣ;
– ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ;
– ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɢɞɠɭ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ;
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ:
– ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ;
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ,
– ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ;
– ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ;
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ (ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ) ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɫɪɨɤɢ ɨɤɭɩɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ;
–
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ: ɬɟɯ-
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ;
– ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜ;
– ɫɪɨɤɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ;
– ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ,
– ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ.
ɑɟɬɜɺɪɬɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ:
– ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ;
– ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɨ-
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪ.);
– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
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ɉɹɬɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ:
– ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɩɨ
ɰɟɧɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ (ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɢɞɨɤ ɫ ɰɟɧɵ,
ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ.);
– ɜɵɛɨɪ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
– ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ;
– ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɒɟɫɬɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ:
– ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ, ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ, ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɛɵɬɚ);
– ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɪɦɵ: ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɨɳ-
ɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ;
– ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ: ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɛɵɬ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ,
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ;
– ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɨɪ-
ɦɚɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ;
– ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
1.4. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ
ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɢɡ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɢɦɢ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ.
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɢ ɞɨ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ: ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɦɟɧɚ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ: ɨɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣ ɞɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ.
Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɹɤɚɹ ɢɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɨɧɚ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ,
ɯɨɬɹ
ɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɰɟɥɢ: ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ.
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ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɨɫɬ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ,
ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɢɝɞɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ:
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ – ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ;
ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɸ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɳɟɣ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɸ;
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚ-
ɬɵ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ
ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ;
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ – ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɜɧɨɜɶ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɬ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɢ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɝɢɛɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚ
-
ɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ
ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɬ
ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯ ɬɪɸɤɨɜ ɢ ɠɞɭɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ.
ɇɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɬɟɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ: ɢɯ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ,
ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ
ɩɨɨɳɪɹɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ. ɗɬɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɞɟɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɫɬ-
ɪɟɟ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ – ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ-
ɱɢɬɶ ɪɨɫɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɹɬɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ:
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ;
– ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ;
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ;
– ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɚɝɪɨɮɢɪɦɵ;
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɠɢɜɥɹɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ:
– ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ;
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
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– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ;
– ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ;
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɭɸ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɸ;
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɢ;
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɣ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ;
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɢɞɟɢ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ;
– ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɢɞɟɸ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶ-
ɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ;
– ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ
ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɢɞɟɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɪɚɫ-
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɚ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɍ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɟɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɬɶ ɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ, ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ
ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɮɢɪɦɵ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱ
ɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ.
ɐɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
– ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ-
ɞɟɥɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ;
– ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ;
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
– ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɛɨɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɝɢɛɤɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ;
– ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ, ɦɚɥɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ;
– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ.
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟ-
ɧɢɹ, ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ:
– ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ;
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27
– ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ (ɮɨɧɞɨɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ-
ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ);
– ɞɨɥɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ;
– ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɜɵɯɨɞ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ-
ɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ);
– ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ (ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ) ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɤɟ
;
– ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɞɨɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ, ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ);
– ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ:
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ; ɜɵɛɨɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ; ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ; ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ; ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɦɟɪ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ȺɉɄ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ, ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ,
ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ, ɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɞɨɛɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɟɺ ɩɪɢɬɹ-
ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɪɦ.
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 8,7 %. ɂɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɯ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɞɧɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ
ɞɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ. Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ 10 % ɧɚɱɚɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɧɟɭɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ 90 %. Ɉɬɞɚɱɚ ɨɬ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚɦɢ ɫɫɭɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɚ ɧɚ ɚɤɰɢɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
, ɩɪɢ ɭɞɚɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɟ – ɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɝɢɛɧɟɬ ɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ.
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɞɬɢ ɧɚ
ɫɬɨɥɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ? ɋɢɥɵ ɷɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ) ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ (ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ). ɇɚɛɨɪ
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ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɟɧ
ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɟɫɨɦɵɦɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɦ ɚɝɪɨɮɢɪɦɚɦ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɟɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɡɦ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ,
ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ). ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɵ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ
ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ
ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ – ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
ɗɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ. Ⱦɚɠɟ
ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɧɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɚɞɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɢɝɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɢɞɟɣ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɮɚɡɵ: ɨɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ.
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɢɥɢ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɢɬ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɭ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ. ɗɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ,
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɭɸ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɸ
ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪ-
ɬɚ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶ-
29
ɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ (ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɵ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɪɢɫɤ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɭɩɥɢ-ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ:
– ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ;
– ɩɨ ɮɚɡɚɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
– ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ;
– ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɤɢ, ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɢɧɤɭɛɚɬɨɪɵ, ɬɟɯɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɵ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ: ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ, ɡɚɧɹɬɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ;
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ. ȼ ɢɯ ɧɟɞɪɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɩɚɪɤɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ: ɞɚɸɬ
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɩɚɪɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɩɚɪɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ (ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ), ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɤɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ. ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɤɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨ-
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