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ɞɨɤ, ɨɛɵɱɚɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɯ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ – ɷɬɨ,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ). ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ: ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝ (ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ), ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝ, ɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬ.
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵ-
ɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ:
– ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ) ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ);
– ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ;
– ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ʉ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ:
– ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢ-
ɤɚɦ, ɱɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ;
– ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɦ, ɨɩɵɬɭ ɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ;
– ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ-
ɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ;
– ɷɬɚɩɧɨɫɬɶ – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨ
ɷɬɚɩɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ.
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢ-
ɬɢɟɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ
ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ.
ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ:
– ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɵɦ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ;
– ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬ ɢɯ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ;
– ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ;
– ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ
ɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɬɶ
«ɥɢɰɨ» ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
141
– ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɠɟɥɚɸɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ
ɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ;
– ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ:
– ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ «ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ» ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɝɪɭɩɩɚ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ
ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ; ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ; ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ);
– ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɷɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ;
– ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɫ ɱɶɟɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ;
– ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ;
– ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ: ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɡɚ
ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ; ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ; ɷɬɚɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ; ɮɢɧɢɲɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɡɚ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ; ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨ-
ɝɞɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ
ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɦ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɚɝɪɨɮɢɪɦɵ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɪɢɫɤɚ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
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6. ɄɈɇɐȿɉɐɂɂ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ
ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə ȺȽɊɈɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂɃ
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ȺɉɄ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ
ɮɨɪɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɱɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ.
ɉɨɞ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨ
ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ,
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɟɝɨ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɫɛɵɬɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ (ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ) ɮɢɪɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɟɫɨɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ-ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɚɦɢ.
Ⱥɝɪɨɮɢɪɦɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ
– ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
– ɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɫɥɭɝ;
– ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ;
– ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ;
– ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
– ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ;
– ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɵ;
– ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɪɵɧɨɤ ɛɟɡɠɚɥɨɫɬɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɧɨɪɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɜ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ,
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ
ɛɨɪɶɛɟ:
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ,
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ɋɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ (ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɵ) ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ,
ɤɚɤ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɜɡɨɣɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ
ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ɂɯ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
6.1. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ: ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɵɯ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ
ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ
ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɚɝɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɵɧɤɚ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. ȼɫɺ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɯ
ɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ȺɉɄ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ:
– ɧɚ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɞ-
ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ;
– ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɢɞɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ;
144
– ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɭɦɚɝ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ (ɋɨɜɟɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ⱦɭɦɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ), ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ (ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ).
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɊɎ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɡɢɰɢɸ
ɝɥɚɜɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ – ɉɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɸ. Ɂɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɜɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɉɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ƚɨɫɫɨɜɟɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȿɝɨ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ
ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɟ ɊɎ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɋɨɜɟɬ – ɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɥɚɜɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɭ ɊɎ ɩɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ 2012 ɝɨɞɭ ɋɨɜɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – ɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.
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ɋɨɜɟɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ,
ɢ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ
ɫɨɜɟɬɚɯ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ⱦɭɦɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ: Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ; Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɢɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ;
Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ; Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ; Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ; Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɵ Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ:
– Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
– Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫ-
ɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
– Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣ-
ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
– Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ
ɡɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ, ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚ:
– Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧ-
ɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ;
– ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɹ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɨɧɨ-
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ, Ɇɢɧɢ-
ɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ
;
– ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ) ɨɪɝɚɧɵ: ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸ-
ɳɢɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɩɨ
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ.
146
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ, ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ,
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ:
– ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɭɤɢ;
– ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ;
– ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ;
– ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɩɪɢ-
ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ
ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɰɢɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (Ɏɐɉ). ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ Ɏɐɉ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥ Ɇɢɧɨɛɪɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
ɇɨɜɵɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ». Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ,
Ɇɢɧɨɛɪɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ, ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
ȼ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ
ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɬ:
– Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɝɨɫɭ-
ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɨɤɚɡɚ-
ɧɢɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ-
ɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
– Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɫɫɢɝɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
– Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ.
– Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɢɰɢ-
147
ɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞ-
ɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ, ɥɶɝɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨ-
ɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧ.
– Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɛɸɞ-
ɠɟɬ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɊɎ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ:
– ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ «ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ»,
ɢɦɟɜɲɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ, ɢ ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɊɎ;
– ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ;
– ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȺɉɄ.
ȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ
ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
– ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ);
– ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɨɛ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
– ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ;
– ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɞɟɥɢɥɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɥɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɢ ɚɤɬɵ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ – ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɨɛ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ (ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ)
ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɬɚɯ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɨɛ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɚ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ
ɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɣ ɢ ɥɶɝɨɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-
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ɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ:
1. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ – ɬɟɯɧɨɩɚɪɤɨɜ,
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ, ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɢɧɤɭɛɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ., ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
2. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ (ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɭɡɚɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ). ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ.
3. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
4. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ: ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɫɚɣɬɨɜ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɛɪɨɲɸɪ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɨɜ
ɢ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧ-
ɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ
ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ (ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ) ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ:
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
– ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
– ȼɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
– ɗɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ.
– Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2030 ɝɨɞɚ. ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
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ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɤɚɤ ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2030 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2030 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ, ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢɯ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɬɶɫɹ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ). ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ.
ɋ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ», «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ», «ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ»,
«ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ
2017–2030 ɝɨɞɵ», ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ (ɚɜɢɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɫɦɨɫ, ɚɬɨɦɧɵɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ).
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ Ɇɢɧɷɤɨɧɨɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ,
ɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɢ ɫɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ. ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ.
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