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Файл:Бизнес поведение. Основы основ для будущих психологов = Business Behaviour. Core Essentials for Future Psychologists. Учебное пособие по английскому я
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Grammar points
C. Supply the right forms of the verbs in brackets, then refer to the
text. Variations are possible. In each case, give your reason for the form you
have chosen.
In each experiment, a bird 1(show) the picture, and 2(teach) to reply
by pecking at one of four keys. 'After 3(reward) with pinches of grain for
each correct answer, they all 4(learn) to identify the person and the emotion
correctly,' he 5(say). If they 6(make) a wrong identification, they 7('punish')
by 8(not give) the grain.
'To make it more difficult, the faces 9(photograph) without any
special distinguishing features such as clothing or jewellery.'
D. Supply the plural forms of the nouns in brackets only where
necessary. Give a reason for each of your decisions.
The 1(people) pictured were all about the same age; two 2(man) and
two 3(woman), one of each fair-haired, the other dark-haired. Their slightly
exaggerated 4(expression) showed 5(happiness),with broad 6(grin); anger,
with furious, threatening 7(scowl); surprise, with wide open 8(mouth) and
staring 9(eye), and disgust, with twisted 10(lip) and screwed-up eyes.
E. Would you supply say or tell here? Why?
They can _____the difference between a man with a shotgun and....
Supply correct forms of say or tell.
1. The children always like me to ____ them a story before they go
to sleep.
2. At the end of the meeting the chairman stood up to ____ a few
words.
3. Jimmy mentions everyone in the family whenever he _____ his
prayers.
4. George Washington told his father that he could never _____a
lie.
5. I don't know how you distinguish between those two. I just can't
____them apart.
6. When in doubt, it's best to _____ nothing.
81
Read the text.
Brain scan showing Alzheimer's disease
As if the creeping
forgetfulness its causes were
not horrible enough,
Alzheimer’s disease carries
an extra burden: a person
must be dead before doctors
can identify the disorder with
absolute certainty. A
discovery announced last
week, however, could result
in a simple and accurate skin
test for living. patients. The
finding may also lead to new
treatment for an incurable
illness believed to afflict up
to 4 million Americans.
Just how Alzheimer’s ravages the brain isn’t understood, but protein
molecule is thought to be involved. This protein, which pathologists look
for in brain tissue after a suspected Alzheimer’s sufferer has died, is also
present in easily accessible skin cells, the new research indicates. Dr.
Dennis Selkoe and colleagues at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in
Boston found the protein in the skin of 8 out of 11 people with Alzheimer’s
disease who had died. Selkoe’s test must be confirmed by other laboratories
and made easy to do on a large scale. But he is optimistic that a reliable skin
test may be only two or three years away.
The finding suggests a fresh strategy for attacking the disease.
Scientists have been trying to perfect drugs capable of repairing the damage
Alzheimer’s does to the brain. On the theory that the protein causes the
disorder by traveling from other tissues to the brain, researchers may now
seek to devise drugs that would block the protein before it gets there.
TEXT 6
Alzheimer's telltale protein
US News and World Report (AmE)
82
Sentence structure
A. Three of these sentences are wrong. Correct what is wrong, where
necessary, and say why you have done so. Then check against the text.
1. Like the creeping forgetfulness it causes were not horrible
enough, Alzheimer's disease carries an extra burden: a person must be dead
before doctors can identify the disorder wit- absolute certainty.
2. The finding may also lead to new treatment for an incurable
illness believed to afflict up to 4 million Americans.
3. This protein, which pathologists look for it in brain tissue after a
suspected Alzheimer's sufferer has died, is also present in easily accessible
skin cells, the new research indicates.
4. On the theory that the protein causes the disorder by traveling
from other tissues to the brain, researchers may now seek to devise drugs
that would block the protein before it will get there.
В. Choose the words that fit and say why you have made your
choice. Then check against the text
1. A discovery announced last week, …, could result in a simple
and accurate skin test for living patients. [however/moreover]
2. Just how Alzheimer's ravages the brain isn't understood, but a
protein molecule is thought …. involved. [that it is/to be]
3. Dr. Dennis Selkoe and colleagues at the Brigham and Women's
Hospital in Boston found the protein in the skin of 8 out of 11 people with
Alzheimer's disease who… [died/ had died].
Grammar points
С. Supply the right forms of the verbs in brackets, then refer to the
text.
As if the creeping forgetfulness it causes were not horrible enough,
Alzheimer's disease 1(carry) an extra burden: a person 2(must dead) before
doctors 3(can identify)the disorder with absolute certainty. A discovery
announced last week, however, 4(can result) in a simple and accurate skin
test for living patients. The finding 5(may also lead) to new treatment for an
incurable illness believed to afflict up to 4 million Americans. Just how
Alzheimer's 6(ravage) the brain 7(not understand), but a protein molecule
8
(think) to be involved. This protein, which pathologists 9(look for) in brain
tissue after a suspected Alzheimer's sufferer 10(die), is also present in easily
accessible skin cells, the new research 11(indicate) Dr. Dennis Selkoeand
colleagues at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston 12(find) the
protein in the skin of 8 out of 11 people with Alzheimer's disease who
13
(die). Selkoe's test 14(must confirm) by other laboratories and 15(make)
easy to do on a large scale.
D. Why is were used here rather than was?
83
As if the creeping forgetfulness its causes were not horrible enough...
Complete these sentences using were.
1. He acted as if he were mad.
2. If I ….
3. I wish John ….
4. She shouldn't behave as if ….
E. What part of speech is finding here and what does that imply in
terms of usage?
The finding suggests a fresh strategy for attacking the disease.
1. Supply suitable -ing forms with or without a/an or the.
2. (record) Recording and (sell) _____CDsis a major growth
industry.
3. I've just bought (excellent record)____of Tchaikovsky's First
Piano Concerto.
4. (new record) _____ of this concerto on CD is far superior to my
old LP.
5. There have been a great many (record) ____ of this concerto.
6. There is still a lot of disagreement about the best way to teach
(read)_____.
7. There is nothing I like better on holiday than (little light read)
_______.
8. Dickens became exhausted by the large number of (read)____he
gave of his work.
9. (slow read) ____may lead to (better understand) ____ of this text.
F. Should it be traveling/traveled or travelling/travelled'? Why?
... the protein causes the disorder by traveling from other tissues to
the brain.
Some of these verbs can be spelt in two ways, and some only in one.
Which?
1. It took me some time to realize that I had been (dial)
dialing/dialed the wrong number.
2. There is now general agreement that all goods for sale should be
properly (label)___.
3. Sandra (excel)____ at school and at university, so I'm not
surprised at her success.
4. I was (signal)____a left-hand turn, when the vehicle behind went
into me.
5. The speaker was so smug; I was (impel) ____to ask a few
awkward questions.
6. Some married couples are always (quarrel)______.
84
7. The flight to Helsinki has been (cancel)_____because of bad
School-aged daughters of
employed 'mothers tend to
have consistently high
academic performance. They
also tend to develop close
relationships with their
fathers if they are warm,
supportive, and participate
actively in parenting. Schoolaged sons tend to have better
social and personality
adjustments as well as higher
academic achievement if
their mothers work outside
the home.
weather.
8. I'm really (repel)______by racist remarks.
Read the text.
However, sons of lower socioeconomic families with a working
mother may be less admiring of their fathers, perhaps because of the
perceived notion of economic failure on their part.
Adolescents benefit when their mothers work. Employed women (or
those with significant interests or activities outside the home) usually are
happier, more satisfied, and more likely to encourage their children to be
independent. Sons tend to demonstrate better social and personal
adjustments at school, and daughters tend to be more outgoing,
independent, motivated, and better adjusted to their environment. Children
of working mothers also are less likely to have stereotyped perceptions of
life roles on the basis of being male or female.
The newly evolved role of fathers and the concept of shared
parenting have led some corporations to develop paternity-leave policies,
but fewer than one percent of eligible men make use of them. Barriers
include the financial burden on the family from loss of income and the
subtle psychological pressure that defines work as the highest priority for
TEXT 7
When mothers work
85
men. Federal legislation has been introduced to guarantee paternity leave
with provisions for reinstatement and with protection from harassment.
USA Today (AmE)
Sentence structure
A. Rewrite these sentences as one sentence beginning with the words
provided. Then check against the text.
1. Women who are employed (or those with significant interests or
activities outside the home usually are happier. They are more satisfied.
They are more likely to encourage their children to be independent.
Employed______________________________________________.
2. Some corporations have been led to develop paternity-leave
policies because of the newly evolved role of fathers and the concept of
shared parenting. Fewer than one percent of eligible men make use of them.
The newly evolved_______________________________________.
Grammar points
B. Complete these statements with appropriate adjectives.
1. The author describes the scene well. His writing is very
descriptive.
2. That class is impossible to manage. It is really _______.
3. Those kittens really like to play. Aren't they_______.
4. He has the sort of manner you expect in business. He's
really______.
5. I would say he's around forty - yes, definitely _______.
6. Such behavior cannot be permitted. It's truly________.
7. She treats me like a friend. Her behavior towards me is so
_______.
8. We've driven in a huge circle. Our route has been truly _______.
C. Employed women usually are happier.
What would be the more usual position for usually?
Respond to these statements, changing the position of the adverb of
frequency for emphasis.
1. Philip is never on time. I agree. He never is on time.
2. Bob has always been a rebel. ______________.
3. Jane can never keep appointments. __________.
4. You could usually rely on Jim. ____________.
5. Ann would frequently leave work early. ___________.
6. Alan isn't normally depressed. _______________.
D. Why is a definite article used before school in a, but not in b?
a. My wife and I have to attend a meeting at the school this evening.
86
b. Sons tend to demonstrate better social and personal adjustments at
school.
Supply a/an, the or (-).
1. Our children attend … very good school.
2. Some people think they know about education just because they
were once at… school.
3. When we were children we were always in…bed before 8.30.
4. …bed is not something you buy very often.
5. Make sure you sweep in all the corners and under …bed.
6. People who spend time in…. prison rapidly become
institutionalized.
7. As soon as the riot broke out, police surrounded…prison.
8. A lot of people think … prison should be just like any other
building.
9. The trial attracted a lot of attention and …. court was crowded.
10. A lot of people have been taken to …court for failing to pay local
taxes.
11. Though it's a small town, it has…school, …church and… court.
E. Supply fewer or less here, then refer to the text. Give a reason for
your choice.
……than one percent of eligible men make use of [paternity-leave
policies].
Supply fewer or less.
1. …. unemployed can expect to find work during a recession.
2. …. people these days expect to stay in the same job all their lives.
3. You'll have …. chance of success if you don't change jobs
reasonably often.
4. It just isn't true that there are …. opportunities for young people.
5. Newspapers in the past had …. pictures and …. pages.
6. Previously, …. paper was used in newspapers, so …trees were
destroyed.
87
Read the text.
The least successful attempt to clear
molehills
Tired of the 10 large molehills that
flourished on his lawn, Mr. Oscar
Ejiamike decided to remove them.
After a vigorous campaign of
bombing, gassing and waiting round
in the dark with a raised shovel, he
found that the 10 molehills survived
intact. There were also 22 new ones.
At this point our man decided to
‘surprise the moles’ with a midnight
poisoning raid.
In May 1984, he drove his Jaguar 2.4 automatic to the edge of the
lawn and trained the headlamps is upon the enemy zone. While reaching
across for the poison, Mr. Ejiamike knocked the car into reverse and
accelerated through the wall of his cottage, knocking over the electric
heater, bursting his petrol tanks, setting fire to his newly decorated sitting
room, and wrecking his car.
While this certainly surprised the moles, it had no effect on the 25
molehills. Next morning Mr. Ejiamike bought 22 bags of ready- mixed
cement and announced that he was going to concrete the lawn over.
A. Put the words in the right order in each sentence to prepare
yourself for exercise В below.
1.
a) tired Mr . Oscar Ejiamike was of the 10 large molehills that on
his lawn flourished.
b) to remove them he decided.
2.
a) his Jaguar 2.4 automatic in May 1984 to the edge of the lawn he
drove.
b) the headlamps the enemy zone he trained upon.
TEXT 8
Heroic failures
The Sunday Times (BrE)
Sentence structure
88
3.
a) Mr. Ejiamike for the poison was reaching across.
b) into reverse the car he knocked.
c) through of his cottage the wall he accelerated.
d) the electric heater he knocked over, his petrol tanks burst he.
e) his newly decorated sitting room he set fire to.
f) his car he wrecked.
В. Join the above into three separate sentences, then check against
the text.
1. _____________________________________.
2. _____________________________________.
3. _____________________________________.
Grammar points
C. Which prepositions would you use in these spaces and why?
a... May 1984 he drove his Jaguar 2.4 automatic to the edge of the
lawn.
b... May 21, 1984, he drove his Jaguar 2.4 automatic to the edge of
the lawn.
с... Monday, May 21, 1984... 12.15 a.m. he drove his Jaguar 2.4 to
the edge of the lawn.
Supply the missing prepositions (on, at or in) in the following
sentences.
1. I was born … Friday … 7 … the morning.
2. He claims he could read …the age of 3 from a book he
received…his third birthday.
3. I'll see you … the morning …around 10 o'clock.
4. He was arrested … the morning of Monday, April 24
…precisely…10 a.m.
5. The roads are so crowded…August, we've delayed our holiday
till September.
6. Did you say you saw him … May 25th, or … 31st May?
7. He's so predictable. He does his washing …Mondays and hiss
hopping…. the weekend.
D. Which of these sentences doesn't sound 'right' and why?
a Mr. Ejiamike knocked over the electric heater.
b Mr. Ejiamike knocked the electric heater over.
с He knocked the child over while driving to work.
d He knocked over the child while driving to work.
89
Rewrite these sentences changing the position of the object where
possible.
1. I knocked the heater over. I knocked over the heater.
2. I paid the money back.
3. We rang Carlos back.
4. The teacher hurried the children along.
5. Bring your own food along.
6. I invited my friends down for the weekend
7. Let the people off the bus.
8. The boy pulled off his jumper.
9. Ask your friends round.
10. Pass these chocolates round.
E. What do the verbs said and announced do in sentences a and b?
a. He said that he was going to concrete the lawn over.
b. He announced that he was going to concrete the lawn over.
Report the following statements using one of the following verbs in
place of said. Use each verb only once: announced, complained, concluded,
replied, promised, suggested.
1. 'I'm going to get engaged,’ he said.
2. 'We should go by taxi,’ she said.
3. 'I'm not at all satisfied with this car,' he said.
4. 'They must be out,’ she said.
5. 'I really don't agree with you,' he said.
6. 'I'll phone you back tomorrow,' she said.
90
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