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Файл:Английский язык для магистрантов. Введение в управление проектной деятельностью. English for Master Students. Introduction to Project Management. Учеб
.pdf
Unit 2. PROJECT TERMINOLOGY
BEFORE YOU READ:
TASK 1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. What are project activities?
2. Why are activities important for a project?
3. What is a project activity list?
VOCABULARY
1. to fulfill certain objectives – достичь определенных целей
2. to carry out a set of related activities – выполнить комплекс сопут-
ствующих мероприятий
3. to track progress – отслеживать прогресс
4. scope creep – расползание рамок (границ) проекта
5. activity list – список видов проектной деятельности
6. project baseline – базовый план исполнения проекта
7. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – структурная декомпозиция
проекта – это инструмент планирования, который используется для разделения больших и сложных проектов на маленькие простые части
8. deliverables – результаты проекта,
ставлены заказчику
9. workflow management software – программное обеспечение для
управления рабочими процессами
10. project timeline – сроки реализации проекта
которые должны быть пред-
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TASK 2. READ THE TEXT AND CHECK YOUR ANSWERS
TO THE QUESTIONS FROM TASK 1 ABOVE
Text 2
If you are a project manager, you know that working on a project is an
endeavor. You start a particular project to fulfill certain objectives. To do that,
you need to take a number of actions. These actions are what we know as
project activities. They ensure the completion of the project and lead to the
desired outcome – the solution to a particular problem. This text will help you
better understand the meaning of the term “project activities”. You will also
learn: Why project activities are important, What an activity list is, and How
to create an activity list.
How do we define project activities?
Project activities are actions taken to fulfill a project’s objectives. In order
to reach a single objective you should carry out a set of related activities. In
light of this, we can observe every project as a set of activities that needs to
be completed to arrive at the desired outcome. Each activity consists of
smaller subtasks, all of them logically related. The completion of one series
of related tasks leads to the next stage of the project. Finally, the completion
of all tasks and subtasks in a project results in the final project deliverable.
In other words – it marks the completion of the entire project.
Why are activities important for a project?
Project activities are important because they help you complete your project on time and with the desired results. When you break down a project into
smaller pieces – project activities – it is much easier to control its development. You can track progress and identify potential problems in any project
phase. It is easier to solve an issue as soon as it emerges than later on when it
becomes a more serious problem. Also, dividing a project into tasks shows
you where you need to modify the original plan. Sometimes, a project expands beyond its original scope, rendering its budget insufficient. Consequently, it becomes impossible to finish the project within the deadline. However, this situation – known as the scope creep – is much easier to avoid when
a project is divided into small, carefully planned activities.
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What is a project activity list?
One of the key steps in project planning is defining all the activities the
project consists of. You can do that by creating an activity list. An activity
list is a document that includes all activities in a project. It should contain a
detailed description of each activity. That way, every project team member
should know exactly what actions to perform in order to complete each activity. A project list should offer all the relevant information regarding
project activities. This information includes: The sequence of their completion, Their timeline, The start and end dates, Required resources, etc.
DEVELOPING VOCABULARY
TASK 3. GIVE THE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS
OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS
1. Руководитель проекта.
2. Предпринять ряд действий.
3. Набор связанных между собой действий.
4. Достичь желаемого результата.
5. Конечный результат проекта.
6. Завершить проект в срок.
7. Мероприятия проекта.
8. Отслеживать прогресс.
9. Выявлять потенциальные проблемы.
10. Первоначальный план проекта
TASK 4. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH
1. Если
проект выходит за рамки своего первоначального плана, за-
вершить его в установленный срок становится невозможным.
2. Возможно избежать ситуации, известной как «расширение мас-
штабов», если разделить проект на небольшие, тщательно спланированные мероприятия.
3. Один из ключевых шагов в планировании проекта - определение
всех видов деятельности.
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4. Каждый член команды проекта должен точно знать, какие дей-
ствия необходимо выполнить для завершения каждого вида деятельности.
5. Список мероприятий проекта должен содержать всю необходи-
мую информацию о проекте: последовательность выполнения мероприятий, сроки выполнения, даты начала и окончания проекта, необходимые ресурсы и прочее.
TASK 5. FIND AN ODD WORD OR WORD COMBINATION,
EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICE
1. RESULTS – OUCOMES – DEADLINE – DELIVERABLES
FULFILL – SOLUTION – COMPLETE –PERFORM
2.
3. ACTION – ACTIVITY – WORKIN ON A PROJECT – PROBLEM
4. TIMELINE – SERIES OF RELATED TASKS – OBJECTIVE – SUBTASK
5. SEQUENCE – STAGE – KEY STEP – PHASE
6. PLANNING – BUDGET – ORIGINAL SCOPE – SEQUENCE
7. TIMELINE – DEADLINE – DATES – TIME
TASK 6. FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS
AND COMBINATIONS FROM THE BOX
1. team member 2. activities 3. project manager 4. original scope
5. timeline 6. activity list
A a) ________________is responsible for leading a team and overseeing
project b) _______________. They use project planning to create a c)
_________________and manage the budget. An d) _____________helps
keep track of a number of actions that maintain the e) _____________ of the
project. Each f) _____________must have relevant information to perform
their tasks well.
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READING COMPREHENTION
TASK 7. MARK THE STATEMENTS AS TRUE
OR FALSE ACCORDING TO THE TEXT
1. Project activities are the same as project objectives.
2. Each project activity is made up of smaller subtasks.
3. Dividing a project into activities makes it harder to control its develop-
ment.
4. Scope creep can be avoided by carefully planning project activities.
5. An activity list should include a detailed description of each activity.
6. The completion of all tasks and subtasks in a project results in the final
project deliverable.
7. An activity list does not need to include the sequence of activity com-
pletion.
TASK 8. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON THE TEXT
1. What are project activities and why are they important?
2. How can project activities help in completing a project on time with
desired results?
3. Why is it beneficial to break down a project into smaller pieces or ac-
tivities?
4. How are project activities related to the completion of a project's ob-
jectives?
5. What is the significance of dividing a project into tasks in terms of
tracking progress and identifying potential problems?
6. Can you explain how scope creep can be avoided by dividing a project
into small, carefully planned activities?
7. What does the completion of all tasks and subtasks in a project result in?
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LISTENING
TASK 9. LISTEN TO ADRIANA GIRDLER, THE PRESIDENT
OF PROJECT CONSULTING FIRM, WHO TELLS ABOUT
PROJECT TERMINOLOGY AND COMPLETE THE LIST
OF TERMS BELOW. GIVE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS
TO THE TERMS
1. P……… L……..C……..
2. K……… M……..
3. T……… C……….
4. P……… C………
5. S………. C……….
6. W…… B…….. S……..
TASK 10. LISTEN TO THE SPEAKER AGAIN
AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. What is the fundamental understanding that all project methodologies
go through?
2. Why is it important to have a framework for projects?
3. What are the key stages of a project according to the speaker?
4. How does the iteration process work in project management?
5. Why do people often forget about the end stage of a project?
6. What is the purpose of a kickoff meeting in project management?
7. What are the three primary constraints that project managers must
abide by?
TASK 11. FILL IN THE GAPS IN THE SUMMARY BELOW
Charter document includes _______________ (1), what's in and out, high
level milestones, project matrix, roles and responsibilities, team members,
major milestones. Charter is used at kickoff meeting to set expectations and
deliverables.
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_______________ (2) is uncontrolled changes to scope due to stakeholder interference or misunderstandings. Scope creep can lead to project failure, misunderstandings, and assumptions. Prevent scope creep by having everyone sign off on charter document
_______________(3) breaks projects into manageable chunks. It starts
with project at top, breaks down into deliverables, departments, or subject
matter experts, helps understand project components and tasks
WRITING
TASK 11. MAKE UP A GLOSSARY OF 10 TERMS
ON THE TOPIC “PROJECT MANAGEMENT”
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Unit 3. PROJECT ACTIVITY LIST
BEFORE YOU READ
TASK 1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. What do you think project activity list looks like?
2. What tool can help you structure the project activities into tasks and
subtasks?
3. Which software can you use for creating a visual representation of your
project timeline?
VOCABULARY
1. Project planning software – программа для планирования проекта.
2. Project baseline – исходный план проекта.
3. Major activities – основные виды деятельности.
4. Measurable – измеримый.
5. Project management software – программа для управления проек-
том.
6. To-do list software – программа для составления списка задач.
7. To estimate – оценить.
8. To bear in mind – помнить, иметь в виду, учитывать.
9. Internal and external resources – внутренние
10. Constituent parts – составные части, компоненты.
и внешние ресурсы.
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TASK 2. READ THE TEXT AND GIVE
THE TITLE TO THE TEXT
Text 3
Let’s dive into more detail about how to create an activity list and what
to include.
Before you start working on a project, you should break down all the work
into small units – activities. This way, it will be much easier to control the
progress and the budget.
Here is how you should go about creating an activity list.
Step #1: Make a project plan
First of all, you have to create a project plan, either in a document or in
project planning software of your choice. In the plan, you should outline all
the important information about the project.
The starting point in your project plan is a document known as the project
baseline. It contains your project’s scope, deliverables, project budget, resources, deadlines, etc. The project baseline will serve to check the progress
of your project. Since this is how you imagine your project should look like,
you can measure the project’s development against this document to see if
you are going in the right direction.
Step #2: Define project activities
When you finish creating the project plan, it’s time to break down the
work into smaller units. First, you should divide the project into several major
activities and then divide each of these activities into tasks and subtasks. For
that purpose, you can use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). This is a
document created in the planning phase when deliverables are broken down
into smaller activities and tasks. Dividing large activities into smaller tasks
will make them measurable. This way, the project manager can easily monitor
and control the project work.
Step #3: Sequence activities
Now that you’ve divided your project into activities and determined how
they depend on each other, it’s time to decide on their order. A good solution
for visual representation of your project and its phases is project management
software. For activities that don’t require extensive sequencing, you can use
to-do list software.
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Step #4: Estimate activity duration and resources
Since you’ve listed all the tasks and subtasks, now is the time to determine
their duration and create a timeline. If you are not sure how long each task
should last, you can consult the data from former projects. They probably
contain similar activities that can serve as guidelines for determining the time
necessary for completing your future activities. You can also refer to workflow management software for creating a visual representation of your project
timeline. After making a timeline of project activities, you can define the resources needed for each activity. Bear in mind that you should include both
internal and external resources.
Step #5: Create an activity list
When you finish defining activities and determining their duration and
required resources, it’s the time to create an activity list. Knowing how to
create an activity list is a skill that will prove valuable for every project manager, and it can be improved through practice.
To get a better understanding of what an activity list should look like,
here is an example:
The project name
The project manager’s name
The start date The end date
This is the first part of the list. After the introductory information comes
the main part – the description of each activity:
Activity number (ID) Activity name Activity description
Conclusion: Project activities are constituent parts of a project. Every project is a massive piece of work. With that in mind, a project manager should
break it down into smaller units to better understand how to control it. These
smaller units are known as project activities, and they refer to various tasks
and subtasks within the project. Project activities are interrelated and depend
on each other as they share a common goal – reaching the same project
objective. Activities have a timeline – their start and end dates. Also, they
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