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Файл:Английский язык делового и профессионального общения. Учебное пособие
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Moreover, prohibited dresses are also based on the very objective of safety
(of women). Less revealing attire, decrease the odds of possible harassment or
seduction.
+ Saves the deciding time
It is a common thing for all of us to think for a good few minutes (hours
for some) before deciding on a dress. Similarly, although some employees may
protest against the dress code, however, it saves the time of the employees on
a whole.
Moreover, they do not have to think about whether they look excessively
casual or excessively formal, as they are just following the dress code.
+ Makes the company safe (from lawsuits and claims)
It is better to be on the safer side than to take any risk. It is quite possible
that careless clothing will call onto accidents. However, if you already have
a dress code then there is no place for any lawsuits. Even if the lawsuit is filed,
the result will be in the favor of the company.
+ Creates Professionalism and team spirit
Being less active or laid back towards work can put the career at stake.
However, new employees or recent graduate may not understand the deficit of
such clothing. Dress coding helps the employees to look professional.
Moreover, it increases the productivity of the employee and the team spirit.
Due to uniformity, employees are able to work with each other without having
an inferiority complex (due to financial background).
+ Confidence booster
Having similar dress code may boost the confidence of the employees. For
example, if you are the owner of the restaurant, you constantly interact with
your customers. As a result, your employees need to look smart in front of the
customers. They should look like they belong to the restaurant. Moreover, this
creates a good impression in front of the customers too.
Cons of Dress Codes in the Workplace:
– Uniformity makes everything boring
Uniform at school made everyone feel equal. However, in the office making everyone wear the same type of clothes may turn the things boring for them.
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May be that is the reason colleges do not have any uniform. Moreover, it affects
the work efficiency of the employees too.
– Expensive and complicated can be a turn-off
The most commonly faced problem by all employees is that not everyone
can buy the required clothing (unless the company pays for the dress code).
Moreover, a complicated dress code can consume most of the time in preparing.
– Shuns down the creativity of the employee
Dresses show the persona of the person. The ways you dress also shows
the confidence and creativity of the employee. However, creating a dress code
shuns down the creativity of the employees. Moreover, they lose the freedom to
express their views and creativity. Dress code indirectly creates a barrier in
productivity. As regardless of the promotion or position, they are stuck with the
same dress code as their junior.
– Arises discomfort for some
Not everyone is comfortable with attire you chose. Discomfort may lead to
problems such as lack of productivity, non-cooperation on the part of the employees, less efficiency in work, etc. These problems are mainly for those who
are not accustomed to the formals.
Ex. 11. Make a report on the dress codes in the world-famous companies (Tesla, HP, Google, Facebook (Meta), Thai Airlines, Gazprom, etc.).
UNIT 5. TIME MANAGEMENT
Vocabulary
time management urgent tasks
target timeframe improvement
concept achievement
skill prioritize
efficiency responsibility
opportunity streamline
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to identify distraction
benefit to eliminate
to accomplish the goal executive
Ex. 1. Think over and describe a situation in which you were late to
complete a task or you missed a deadline?
Ex. 2. Match up the words with the similar meaning:
Management, achieve, direction, opportunity, target, remove, improvement, control, prioritize, distraction, ability, possibility, immediate, concept, diversion, eliminate, objective, accomplish, urgent, streamline, framework, skill,
prefer, increase.
Ex. 3. Using the dictionary find out as much antonyms to the following
words as possible:
Management, distraction, urgent, eliminate, achievement.
Ex. 4. Read Text 5. Use the dictionary if necessary.
Text 5. Time Management
Time management is best defined as a systematic prioritization of tasks
and competing demands to complete the most important tasks within a target
timeframe. The goal of time management is to reduce the distractions which
lower the number of tasks a business owner completes.
Importance of Time Management
Time management is one of the most important skills to have, but it is often a concept that many businesses, and people, struggle with. Small businesses, in particular, cannot afford to waste time with bad time management and inefficiency. However, the benefits of good time management practices are immeasurable. Businesses that utilize good time management are better positioned
to consistently deliver their product, or service, on-time.
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Is the saying “Time is money” true? If your business runs out of money,
you always have the opportunity to get more. More money is “simply a sale
away”. On the other hand, once time is past you can never get that time back
nor can you add more hours to a day. Yes, poor time management can cost you
and your business tremendous amounts of money. Realize, however, that the
better you manage your time the more money you can earn. With time management, business owners maximize how much they get done each working
day. Having a written time management plan serves as a guide for working
smarter instead of harder.
Benefits of Time Management
With effective time management, you will:
• Maximize what can be accomplished in a work day
• Maximize the use of the limited resources
• Identify critical areas for special attention
• Identify tasks that can be delegated to employees
• Track progress toward your goals
The number one benefit of time management is more business, which
means more income. Time management will allow you to be more focused on
key tasks, be more organized, have less stress, and have more time for family,
friends, and other interests.
Here are some questions to help you determine if you might benefit with
better time management:
• In what ways have you wasted or not optimally managed your time?
• How many times have you looked up and wondered where all the time
went?
• How many times has your day ended where you didn’t complete a key
task and/or desires?
• How many times have you missed dinner or other activities with family
and friends to work late to finish something that was not done?
Time Management Plan
The first step to better time management is a time management plan.
A good time management plan must be in writing, containing a list of priori-
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tized tasks, on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis, for achieving your goals.
Then, use the time management plan to help you prioritize your work. A time
management plan will keep you focused and on target to complete the most important needs in the day.
An effective time management plan has five important elements:
Key Element 1: Clearly Defined Written Goals
Start your time management plan with clearly defined goals. What do you
want to do? What do you want to be? What do you want to have? Your time
management plan will be derived from these stated goals. When writing your
goals, identify each of them as a short-term (quarterly), mid-term (12 months),
or long-term (two to five years) goal.
Key Element 2: Detailed List of Tasks
Breakdown each goal into a set of clearly defined tasks that need to be
completed to accomplish the goal. Goals do not get accomplished on their own.
Breaking down goals into written tasks allows you to see and understand what
actions are required. The task list will also help you to see what resources are
needed and how to allocate them. You may see areas where resources are lacking. Use the task list to start identifying ways to get the tasks done in a timely
manner.
Key Element 3: Prioritization of the Tasks
With any task or “to-do” list, some items on the list will be more important
than others. Always try to complete the most important tasks first because these
tasks will usually have the greatest impact on your goals and, by extension,
your bottom line. However, some less important tasks may become critically
urgent. For example, if you have an ongoing task to pay all your bills on the
15th of each month and you forget to pay the electric bill, the unpaid bill will
become a high priority to avoid an interruption in service.
Key Element 4: List of Important Ongoing Business Functions
Many times, important ongoing business functions are not directly related
to a goal and are not listed as steps or tasks. However, these functions absolutely must be completed to continue business operations. A complete list of key
components of your business operations may not be attached to a goal but needs
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to be included in your time management plan. To start, here are examples of
tasks that you might need to perform on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
Key Element 5: Built in Flexibility
Each day has only 24 hours. Your time is limited. By assigning a time estimate to complete each prioritized task, you can plan your day such that the
most important tasks are always completed in a timely manner. When scheduling, avoid filling every hour of the day with tasks. Leave plenty of unscheduled
time for flexibility.
SMART Goals
Do you ever feel like you’re working hard but not getting anywhere? Maybe you see little improvement in your skills or achievements when you reflect
on the last five or 10 years. Or perhaps you struggle to see how you’ll fulfil
your ambitions during the next few years. Many people spend their lives drifting from one job to another, or rushing around trying to get more done while
actually accomplishing very little. Setting SMART goals means you can clarify
your ideas, focus your efforts, use your time and resources productively, and
increase your chances of achieving what you want in life.
The purpose of creating a SMART goal is to help you use your time and
resources productively when starting and completing a project. As you create
your goals, consider the different functions of a SMART goal:
Specific: Your goal is definable and precise. It focuses on one specific area
you would like to improve. Your goal should be clear and specific, otherwise
you won’t be able to focus your efforts or feel truly motivated to achieve it.
When drafting your goal, try to answer the five “W” questions:
• What do I want to accomplish?
• Why is this goal important?
• Who is involved?
• Where is it located?
• Which resources or limits are involved?
Example: Imagine that you are currently a marketing executive, and you’d
like to become head of marketing. A specific goal could be, “I want to gain the
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skills and experience necessary to become head of marketing within my organization, so that I can build my career and lead a successful team”.
Measurable: There is a quantifiable way to track your progress throughout
the duration of the goal to determine whether you achieve your goal. It’s important to have measurable goals, so that you can track your progress and stay
motivated. Assessing progress helps you to stay focused, meet your deadlines,
and feel the excitement of getting closer to achieving your goal.
A measurable goal should address questions such as:
• How much?
• How many?
• How will I know when it is accomplished?
Example: You might measure your goal of acquiring the skills to become
head of marketing by determining that you will have completed the necessary
training courses and gained the relevant experience within five years’ time.
Attainable: Your goal also needs to be realistic and attainable to be successful. In other words, it should stretch your abilities but still remain possible.
You have the means to achieve it in a reasonable amount of time with the required resources and skills. When you set an achievable goal, you may be able
to identify previously overlooked opportunities or resources that can bring you
closer to it.
An achievable goal will usually answer questions such as:
• How can I accomplish this goal?
• How realistic is the goal, based on other constraints, such as financial fac-
tors?
Example: You might need to ask yourself whether developing the skills required to become head of marketing is realistic, based on your existing experience and qualifications. For example, do you have the time to complete the required training effectively? Are the necessary resources available to you? Can
you afford to do it?
Relevant: The goal you choose is significant in some aspects of your life,
whether it’s a business or personal goal. This step is about ensuring that your
goal matters to you, and that it also aligns with other relevant goals. We all
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need support and assistance in achieving our goals, but it’s important to retain
control over them. So, make sure that your plans drive everyone forward, but
that you’re still responsible for achieving your own goal.
A relevant goal can answer “yes” to these questions:
• Does this seem worthwhile?
• Is this the right time?
• Does this match our other efforts/needs?
• Am I the right person to reach this goal?
• Is it applicable in the current socio-economic environment?
Example: You might want to gain the skills to become head of marketing
within your organization, but is it the right time to undertake the required training, or work toward additional qualifications? Are you sure that you’re the right
person for the head of marketing role? Have you considered your spouse’s
goals? For example, if you want to start a family, would completing training in
your free time make this more difficult?
Time Bound: Every goal needs a target date, so that you have a deadline
to focus on and something to work toward. This part of the SMART goal criteria helps to prevent everyday tasks from taking priority over your longer-term
goals.
A time-bound goal will usually answer these questions:
• When?
• What can I do six months from now?
• What can I do six weeks from now?
• What can I do today?
Example: Gaining the skills to become head of marketing may require additional training or experience, as we mentioned earlier. How long will it take
you to acquire these skills? Do you need further training, so that you’re eligible
for certain exams or qualifications? It’s important to give yourself a realistic
time frame for accomplishing the smaller goals that are necessary to achieving
your final objective.
Many business owners take the time to write their goals but struggle to
achieve them. The next action to take with your SMART goals is to write down
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the steps and tasks to complete them, identifying the “who, what, when, where,
and why” for completing the goal. When you use SMART, you can create clear,
attainable and meaningful goals, and develop the motivation, action plan, and
support needed to achieve them.
How to reach SMART goals for time management
– Prioritize Tasks
Small business owners are usually juggling many priorities and responsibilities. The key element to making your time management plan work most efficiently is to prioritize your tasks. Your tasks will range in importance from being extremely critical to success, to something that would be nice to have done,
to an action that would not matter much even if the action never got done.
There are four processes for prioritizing tasks:
1. Pareto Analysis
The Pareto principle, upon which Pareto analysis is based, is often referred
to as the “80/20 rule”, which states that 20 percent of a person’s effort will produce 80 percent of the result. For example, if your goal is $100,000 in sales, 20
percent of your effort toward this goal will result in $80,000 in sales. The remaining 80 percent of what you do will only result in the remaining $20,000.
Use Pareto analysis to prioritize your time on tasks that produce the best overall
result. Small business owners need to understand the Pareto principle because
they are usually juggling many priorities.
2. ABC Method
Another common method for prioritizing tasks is the ABC method, which
ranks each task with the letter A, B, or C. The most important tasks on your
time management plan are given the letter A, less important tasks the letter B,
and the least important tasks the letter C. Once each task is assigned a letter, the
subtasks for each task (A, B, and C) are further prioritized by number (1, 2, and
3). A task identified as A-1 is completed before task A-2, which is completed
before task B-1, and so on through all the tasks. The ABC method can be combined with Pareto analysis. Prioritizing tasks with the ABC method is not the
same as the process you go through to make your time management plan. Do
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not confuse the ABC method of prioritizing with the process of breaking goals
into steps and tasks.
3. Eisenhower Method
The Eisenhower method is named after President Dwight D. Eisenhower,
who said, “What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom im-
portant”.
To use the Eisenhower method, take the tasks created from your goals,
along with your ongoing business operational needs, and sort them into four
categories:
1. Urgent and important – do these tasks immediately.
2. Important but not urgent – put these tasks on your calendar for at a later
time.
3. Urgent but not important – delegate these tasks to someone or assign the
tasks to the lowest priority.
4. Not important and not urgent – these tasks may never get done because
tasks in the other three categories will take priority.
The Eisenhower method may work well for small business owners who are
already highly organized planners because the method does not prioritize tasks
to the level of detail as Pareto analysis or the ABC Method.
4. Prioritize by Organizing, Streamlining, Economizing, and Contrib-
uting (POSEC) Method
The POSEC method assumes that to accomplish a goal, attention must be
focused on daily responsibilities. Starting with “prioritize”, you move through
each component of the POSEC method. The details of the POSEC method of
time management are:
• Prioritize – arrange your tasks in order of Importance based on your
goals and available amount of time.
• Organize – provide a structure for your most basic tasks, especially those
that are performed on a daily basis.
• Streamline – simplify “nuisance” tasks, such as those tasks that are re-
quired for operations but are your least preferred tasks.
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