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Файл:Английский язык делового и профессионального общения. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Ex. 8. Translate Russian word combinations in the sentences using
ones from the ex. 7:
1. For example, the discovery of nuclear fission, which led to
(революционные) scientific (изобретения), also led to the manufacture of nuclear weaponry.
2. If you want an amazing (изготовленный на заказ веб-сайт) that stands
out from the competition, work with a professional designer.
3. The (интуитивно понятный интерфейс) allows the user to navigate the
software with relative ease.
4. The central location, (модный дизайн) and superior comforts of this 4star hotel unite to create a unique ambiance, making your stay a memorable
one.
5. The (руководитель проекта) is responsible for ensuring that assigned
projects are delivered within schedule, budget, scope and quality.
6. The overall conceptual framework for the project, including a (подробный план) and budget, has been completed.
7. People associate meaning with colours, such as red for heat or blue for
cold, and using these appropriately can maximise the impact of a (визуальное
представление).
8. (Написание контента) is the process of planning, writing and editing
web content, typically for digital marketing purposes.
9. The logo cannot be combined by (графические элементы), such as rectangles, circles and different kinds of frames.
10. In turn, this has made it difficult to find information, as well as increased costs and (угрозы безопасности).
Ex. 9. Say whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Web development deals with the creating, and maintaining of websites.
2. Website creating is a rather simple process.
3. Each website needs an elaborate content management system (CMS).
4. Planning is the first step of web development.
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5. The sitemap represents the relations between the major areas of the website.
6. The layout doesn’t contain any design elements such as logos, colors, etc.
7. Content writing and compiling overlaps with other stages of website
creation.
8. Graphic elements are designed at the stage of planning.
9. The feedback system added to the site will allow to find out potential
difficulties.
10. Regular updates will prevent from bugs and reduce security risks.
Ex. 10. Answer the questions:
1. Can any successful online business exist without a professionally created website with a contemporary web design?
2. In what case do visitors of a website become clients?
3. What specialists does Website Development Team consist of?
4. What are the main steps of web development?
5. What is the most important task of gathering information step?
6. Based on what information are the sitemap and wireframe created?
7. What is a wireframe?
8. When does the website take shape?
9. How does the website layout look like?
10. When can the customer examine the layout and send the developer his
feedback?
11. What should the specialist do at the content writing and compiling
phase?
12. What is the most routine part of a website-development process?
13. When should final test be made?
14. What is the task of the feedback system?
15. What is the task of regular updates?
Ex. 11. Discuss with your groupmates the main steps of Website De-
velopment.
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UNIT 4. IT SECURITY AND SAFETY
Vocabulary
asset – актив, имущество, собственность, ресурс
integrity – целостность, неприкосновенность
sophisticated – изощрённый, передовой, искушённый, усовершенство-
ванный
violation – нарушение
breach – нарушение, проникновение, повреждение, утечка
relevant – подходящий, уместный, соответствующий
inquisitive – пытливый, любопытный
precision – точность
unfeasible – неосуществимый, невыполнимый
availability – доступность
intrusion – проникновение, вмешательство, внедрение
malicious software – вредоносное ПО
spyware – шпионское ПО
ransomware – вымогающее ПО, вирус–вымогатель
amendment – поправка, изменение, корректива
challenging – сложный, проблемный
to enhance – повысить, увеличить, расширить
endpoint – конечная точка
to engage – включать, вовлекать, заниматься
to migrate – переносить, перемещать
vulnerability – уязвимость, незащищённость
to appoint – определять, назначать
backup – резервная копия, резервирование
to keep up – идти в ногу, успевать
assessment – анализ, оценка
Ex. 1. Make sure if you can read these words and word combinations
correctly and say what words in the Russian language help you to guess
their meaning:
Strategy; confidentiality; hacker; organization; data; management; principle; instrument; confidentiality; to guarantee; private information; modification;
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virus; practice; privilege; resource; a system administrator; attack; detail; authentication protocol; isolating.
Ex. 2. Form verbs adding the prefix re – to the given ones. Translate
these verbs into Russian:
Example: to turn – to return – поворачивать – возвращаться
To build; to elect; to create; to read; to appear; to construct; to play; to
press; to serve; to create; to cover; to paint; to form; to join; to collect; to fill; to
consider.
Ex. 3. Read the words and say what affixes they have and what parts
of speech they belong to:
Act, actor, actress, actively, action, activity, acting; addict, addiction, addictive; afford, affordable, unaffordable; appoint, disappoint, appointment, disappointment, appointed, disappointed, disappointing; bear, bearing, bearable,
unbearable, unbearably; choice, choosy, choose; communicate, communication,
communicator, communicative; popular, popularity, popularise, unpopular;
power, powerful, powerless, empower.
Ex. 4. Match the terms with their definitions:
1. antivirus software; 2. damage; 3. double check; 4. misuse;
5. safety; 6. malware; 7. spyware; 8. virus; 9. worm
a) a type of computer virus that can make copies of itself and destroy information on computers that are connected to each other; it spreads without the
user taking action;
b) the state of being safe from danger or harm;
с) a type of software that looks for and removes viruses in programs and
documents on your computer;
d) computer software that secretly records information about which websites you visit and sends information about the use of your computer;
e) to check something again so that you are completely sure;
f) the use of something in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose;
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g) physical harm that breaks or spoils something;
h) software designed to secretly access a computer system;
i) a type of software that can copy itself and can destroy or damage information stored in the computer.
Ex. 5. Find out synonyms in the list of words:
1. Sophisticated, to defend, to follow, breach, to obtain, overall, relevant,
confidentiality, to guarantee, modification, to assist, additional.
2. Alteration, secrecy, violation, to guard, to ensure, supplementary, to
trace, total, related, to help, to acquire, advanced.
Ex. 6. Find out antonyms in the list of words:
1. To endanger, authorized, inquisitive, precision, available, to store,
properly, internal, diverse, sent, undesirable, to enhance.
2. External, inaccessible, to reduce, wanted, incorrectly, received, illegiti-
mate, in-curious, impreciseness, to waste, similar, to protect.
Text 10.1. IT Security and Safety
What is IT security?
IT security is a set of cybersecurity strategies preventing unauthorized access to organizational assets such as networks, computers, data. It supports the
confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information, blocking the access of sophisticated hackers.
What is the need for IT security?
Since hackers get smarter, the demand to defend your network devices and
digital assets becomes even greater. Although providing IT security can be costly, a substantial violation costs an organization far more. Great breaches can
endanger the health of a small business. During or after an accident, IT security
teams can follow an incident reaction plan as a risk management instrument to
obtain control of the situation.
The Goal of Information Security
Information security follows three overall principles, familiar as the CIA
triad (confidentiality, integrity and availability).
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• Confidentiality: This means that data and information are only being
seen or used by people who have an authorized access. Relevant security
measures must be taken to guarantee that private information stays confidential
and is guarded against unauthorized disclosing and inquisitive eyes.
• Integrity: This principle guarantees the integrity and precision of infor-
mation and protects it against modifications. Any changes of the information by
an unauthorized user are unfeasible (or at least detected), and modifications by
authorized users are traced.
• Availability: This principle guarantees that the data is fully available at
any time whenever an authorized user needs it. This means that all the systems
used to process, store, and secure all information must be functioning properly
at all times.
So, equipped with these higher-level principles, IT security specialists have
come up with best practices to assist organizations guarantee that their information stays secure.
Though information security and IT security sound similar, they refer to
various types of security. IT security refers to securing digital information, due
to computer network security, whereas information security relates to the tools
and processes intended to save sensitive business information from intrusion.
What are the threats to IT security?
Threats to IT security can come in diverse shapes. A common threat is malicious software, or malware which may come in various forms to infect network devices, including:
• Viruses
• Spyware
• Ransomware
These threats make it even more significant to have reliable security practices in place. Learn more about malicious software to stay protected.
IT security prevents potential security breaches and malicious threats that
can impact on your organization harmfully. When you enter your internal company network, IT security helps to guarantee only authorized users can access
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and introduce amendments to sensitive information. IT security ensures the privacy of your organization’s data.
Types of IT security
Network security
Network security is used to prevent malicious or unauthorized users from
entering your internal company network. This guarantees that integrity, reliability, and usability are uncompromised. This type of security prevents a hacker
from accessing information inside the network. It also prevents them from
negatively influencing your users’ capability to use or access the network.
Network security has become increasingly challenging as businesses enhance the number of endpoints and migrate services to public cloud.
Internet security
Internet security engages the protection of information sent and received in
browsers, as well as network security involving web-based applications. These
protections are projected to control incoming internet traffic for malicious software as well as undesirable traffic. This protection may come in the shape of
antispyware, antimalware, and firewalls.
Endpoint security
Endpoint security affords security at the device level. Devices that may be
protected by this kind of security include mobile phones, desktop computers,
tablets, and laptops. Endpoint security will prevent your devices from accessing
malicious networks threatening to your company. The examples of endpoint security are advance malware protection and device management software.
Cloud security
Data, applications, and identities are moving to the cloud, meaning users
are connecting straight to the Internet and are not defended by the traditional
security stack. This kind of security can help secure the usage of the public
cloud and software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. Secure Internet gateway
(SIG), cloud-based unified threat management (UTM), and a cloud-access security broker (CASB) can be used for cloud security.
Application security
With the help of application security, applications are specifically coded
during their creation to be as safe as possible, to help guarantee they are not ex-
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posed to attacks. This additional layer of security engages identifying the vulnerabilities that may exist within the software and evaluating the code of an
app.
Ex. 7. Match the word combinations:
1. unauthorized a. principles
2. inquisitive b. security
3. higher-level c. applications
4. malicious d. cloud
5. network e. computer
6. public f. access
7. mobile g. broker
8. desktop h. eyes
9. software-as-a-service i. software
10. cloud-access security j. phone
Ex. 8. Replace the Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:
1. In these cases, all data is encrypted before it is sent to us in order to
safeguard it against (несанкционированный доступ).
2. Behind an open smile and eager, (пытливыми глазами), there lurks
a wariness – a certain distrust seemingly engendered by some inner unresolved
personal conflict.
3. On this view, it is not physicists but the fundamental laws themselves
that explain why (более высокого уровня) scientific (принципы) are the way
they are.
4. (Вредоносное ПО) can unknowingly be downloaded and infect a computer, just by visiting a certain website.
5. Systems procedures such as systems back-up and restore, disaster recovery planning, and (сетевая безопасность) are being developed.
6. A lot of leading software packages for legal case management are using
cloud technology, be it private, hybrid or (общедоступное облако) technolo-
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gies, allowing you and your clients to access information from anywhere, at any
time.
7. This company focuses on the ability of (мобильного телефона) to connect to the website’s URL.
8. This is a fully responsive eLearning module accessible on (настольный
компьютер), tablets and smartphones.
9. This type of safety can assist secure the usage of the public cloud and
(приложений для программного обеспечения в качестве услуги).
10. The (брокер по обеспечению облачного доступа) can alert administrators about potential malicious activity, block the installation of malware or
other threats and identify potential compliance breaches.
Ex. 9. Say whether the following statements are true or false:
1. IT security is a set of cybersecurity strategies preventing authorized access to organizational assets.
2. Though providing IT security can be cheap, a substantial violation costs
an organization far less.
3. Confidentiality assumes that data and information are only being seen or
used by persons who have an authorized access.
4. The principle of availability ensures that the data is partially available on
weekdays.
5. IT security specialists assist organizations ensures that their data stays
safe.
6. Information security and IT security sound alike, so they refer to the
same type of security.
7. A common threat is malware infecting network devices:
8. IT security prevents potential security violations and malicious threats
that can damage your organization work.
9. With the help of application security, applications are specifically coded
during their creation to be as safe as possible, to help guarantee they are not exposed to attacks.
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Text 10.2. IT Security Best Practices
There are a lot of best practices in IT security that are particular to certain
businesses or industries, but some of them are applied widely.
Balance Protection With Utility
One of the greatest challenges in IT security is seeking a balance between
the confidentiality and integrity and availability of the resources.
Rather than striving to protect against all sorts of risks, most IT departments focus on isolating the most vital systems first and then finding suitable
ways to save the rest without making them worthless. Some of the lowerpriority systems may be analyzed automatically, so that the most essential systems remain the focus.
Assign Minimum Privileges
For an information security system to operate, it is necessary to know who
is allowed to see and do particular things. Somebody in bookkeeping, for example, doesn’t need to see all the names in a client database, but he might need
to see the figures coming out of sales. This means that a system administrator
needs to appoint access by a person’s job type. Further he may need to refine
those limits according to organizational divisions. This will guarantee that the
chief financial officer will be able to access more information and resources
than a junior staff member.
A company’s CEO may need to see more information than other employees, but they don’t automatically need full access to the system. A person
should be assigned the minimum privileges necessary to carry out his or her duties. If the employee’s responsibilities change, so will the privileges.
Identify Your Vulnerabilities And Plan Ahead
Not all your resources are equally valuable. Some information is more significant than other, such as a database containing all accounting information
about your clients, including their addresses, social security numbers, bank IDs,
or other personal information.
At the same time, not every resource is equally vulnerable. For example,
information kept on physically separated storage systems that are not connected
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