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Файл:Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции. Учебное пособие
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proves guilt by evidence. A judge administers justice, conducts
the trial, sums up evidence, passes a just sentence. A notary certifies documents or their copies, witnesses official acts: wills,
commercial papers, etc. An investigator investigates and solves
crimes. A police officer enforces laws, keeps public order and
takes legal measures to law-breakers.
Many lawyers are employed by law offices of enterprises,
ministries and agencies as in-house counsel. These legal advisers
represent their single and permanent “client” – their organization. They support and counsel it, provide expertise in administrative, employment, tax, insurance, contract, international and
other legal issues, draft documents and contracts, take part in
negotiations, deals and lawsuits.
Legal careers also include teaching law and academic research. In Russia there are a lot of institutions of higher learning
that train specialists in law.
VOCABULARY
Exercise 4. Read the description of a job. What is the job?
A judge, a lawyer, a penal officer, a notary, a legal adviser,
an advocate, a prosecutor, an investigator, a police officer
_____________________________________________________
a member of the legal profession, gives legal advice
a lawyer who pleads in court, represent plaintiffs or de-
fendants
a person who prosecutes the accused, especially in a
criminal court
a lawyer who is legally authorized to certify documents
a person who investigates crimes
a member of the police force
a person who transports and supervises prisoners
a public official with authority to hear cases in a court
and pass sentences upon them
62
Column A
Column B
a lawyer
a penal officer
a notary
a legal adviser
an advocate
a prosecutor
a judge
an investigator
a policeman
in correctional institutions
in court
at a notary’s office
at the Bar
in police
at a legal office
in a company
at the Investigative Committee
at the Prosecutor's office
1) to get a law degree
a) раскрыть преступление
2) to counsel
b) соблюдать законы
3) to give legal advice
c) вести судебное заседание
4) to investigate a crime
d) получить степень по юриспру-
денции
5) to choose one’s occupa-
tion
e) заверять документы
6) to defend the accused
f) консультировать
7) to prove one’s innocence
g) преследовать обвиняемого
в судебном порядке
8) to draft legal documents
h) защищать подсудимого
9) to represent plaintiffs or
defendants
i) выступать в качестве эксперта
a company lawyer
Exercise 5. Match the jobs in column A and the workplaces
in column B.
A judge can work in court.
Where else can lawyers work?
Exercise 6. Match the word-combinations and their trans-
lations.
63
10) to prosecute the accused
j) принимать участие в перегово-
рах
11) to prove one’s guilt
k) осуществлять правосудие
12) to administer justice
l) принимать законные меры
13) to conduct the trial
m) готовить проекты юридиче-
ских документов
14) to sum up evidence
n) выносить справедливый
приговор
15) to pass a just sentence
o) представлять интересы истца
или ответчика
16) to certify documents
p) охранять общественный
порядок
17) to solve a crime
q) обобщать доказательства
18) to enforce laws
r) доказать чью-то невиновность
19) to take legal measures
s) дать юридическую
консультацию
20) to keep public order
t) расследовать преступление
21) to provide expertise
u) доказать чью-то вину
22) to take part in negotiations
v) выбрать род занятий
I work 40 hours per week, 10:00 am - 6:00 pm Monday thru Friday and
Saturdays, 10:00 am – 2:00 pm on site at the client's office in Canton,
Ohio. My main task is to witness and authenticate signatures and verify
signatures. I keep documentation of all that I've notarized.
In my job I read a lot of documents on pleadings, preside over hearings
and listen to plaintiffs to determine whether the evidence supports the
charges. During court sessions I advise attorneys, juries, and court personnel regarding conduct, issues, and proceedings.
Exercise 7. Four people are speaking about their jobs.
What are they?
Kylie Marshall
Sarah Stevens
Simon Armstrong
64
JOB
WORKPLACE
DUTIES
an investigator
to investigate crimes
to search a crime
scene
to interview witnesses
to interrogate suspects
to solve crimes
to collect evidence
in police
to detain violators
to arrest offenders
to keep public order
to take legal
measures to law
breakers
My primary responsibilities are collecting and using forensic evidence,
interview informants, suspects, and witnesses. I hate paperwork though
I have to file cases, prepare reports, fill in search warrants. I often work
overtime and at weekends.
In my job I investigate crimes together with the police. That’s why I
contact with suspects, victims and witnesses. If it is a minor crime, and
the suspect admits his or her guilt, I usually impose a fine. If an action
is initiated there will be a trial in a court of law and my task is to prove
that the suspect has committed the crime.
Samuel Leeper
Mark Henry
Exercise 8. Fill in the chart.
65
a notary
to certify documents
or their copies
to witness wills,
commercial papers
in correctional
institutions
/in the Federal
Penal Service
to supervise prisoners
an advocate
at the Bar/
in court
a prosecutor
to prosecute the accused
to prove guilt
in court
to hear cases
to sum up evidence
to conduct a trial
to pass a just sentence
a legal
adviser
at a legal office
in a state organization
in a private
company
at an enterprise
+
–
exciting
promising
important
dangerous
stressful
routine
Exercise 9. What is the job like? Add the phrases below to
express your opinion.
A judge, a lawyer, a penal officer, a notary, a legal adviser,
an advocate, a prosecutor, an investigator
66
interesting
stable
well-paid
uninteresting
poorly paid
challenging
I think that ….
I believe that ….
In my opinion ….
I find ….
From my point of view….
On the one hand… on the other
hand….
I agree that ….
It seems to me that ….
SPEAKING
Exercise 10. Speak about your future profession according
to the plan.
1. Your place of study.
2. Specialization.
3. Future place of work.
4. Duties.
5. What do you think of your future profession?
Exercise 11. Roleplay the class reunion party. Work in
groups of six.
You finished school and entered the University (Academy,
ROLE PLAY
Background
Institute, college). At school you had a law-oriented academic
program and most of your classmates chose legal jobs. You meet
some of your classmates and your class teacher at the class reunion party and talk about your studies and future career.
Choose a role card, read it and prepare to roleplay the class
reunion party.
67
Role card 1
You study law at Vladimir State University. You like it and have
time to work part-time at your aunt’s notary office. In future you
plan to continue working as a notary.
Role card 2
You study at Vladimir Law Institute. You major in lawenforcement. Your studies keep you very busy. You are going to
work at a correctional institution. You find your future profession stressful but stable.
Role card 3
You study at Moscow State University. Your academic program is
very challenging. You are going to join the Russian Bar Association and work at the Bar. You find the job of an advocate very interesting and exciting. You major in civil law.
Role card 4
You are a part-time student at the Russian Presidential Academy
of National Economy and Public Administration. You study law.
You work as a legal adviser at a private company and enjoy your
job very much.
Role card 5
You are a law student at a college. You don’t like to study there
but you do that for your parents’ sake. From their point of view
it is a promising and well-paid job.
Role card 6
You are the class teacher.
You are interested in your ex-students’ life and ask them ques-
tions:
Where are you studying now?
What is your major?
68
Do you like studying there?
What do you think of your future profession?
Where are you working?
What university did you enter?
Where do you plan to work?
69
UNIT 10. LAW ENFORCEMENT IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
VOCABULARY
Exercise 1. Brainstorm vocabulary on law enforcement
agencies in Russia.
Exercise 2. Split in four groups. Each group reads one part
of the text “Law enforcement in the Russian Federation”. Discuss
the information in the text, name functions and missions of each
law enforcement agency. Share the information using “snow-
ball” technique (each student says one sentence, the next stu-
dent repeats what the previous student said and adds his/her
own sentence).
Law Enforcement in the Russian Federation
Law enforcement in the Russian Federation is the responsibility of many different agencies. The main law enforcement
agencies are the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, district courts, the Ministry of the Interior, the Federal Customs
Service, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Disaster Relief, the Federal Migration
Service, the Federal Guard Service, the Federal Drug Control Service, the Investigative Committee, the Federal Border Guard Service as well as the Office of the Prosecutor General and the Min-
istry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Let’s look at some of
them in detail.
1. The Ministry of the Interior is a federal executive body.
It is responsible for the protection of human and civil rights and
freedoms, keeping public order, road safety etc. The Ministry of
the Interior also controls investigating crimes and administrative
offences etc. The Russian police are the primary law enforcement agency within the Ministry of the Interior.
70
The Ministry of Justice is a federal executive body which is
responsible for the legal system of Russia, the bar and notary
system, registration of non-profit organisations etc. The Federal
Penal Service is subject to the Ministry of Justice. It is responsible for punishment of convicts, guarding, escorting them etc.
The Federal Penal Service is also responsible for supervision of
persons on probation, serving a suspended sentence, kept under
house arrest.
2. The Prosecutor General of Russia heads the system of official prosecution in courts known as the Office of the Prosecu-
tor General. The Prosecutor General is the most powerful component of the Russian judicial system. The Office of the Prosecutor General is responsible for prosecution in court on behalf of
the State, supervision of the observance of laws by bodies that
conduct detective and search activity.
The Investigative Committee of Russia is an investigative
body, sometimes described as the “Russian FBI”.
3. The Federal Security Service is the domestic security
service. It is responsible for anti-terrorism operations, information security, detection of crimes, combating organized criminality, corruption, smuggling, illegal migration, trafficking in
weapons etc.
The Federal Guard Service provides for the personal pro-
tection of the President, members of his family and other leading government figures, sees to the proper operation of the
President’s communication channels etc. The Federal Guard Ser-
vice also comprises the Presidential security service, the Presidential regiment, which is responsible for guarding the Kremlin,
the Presidential residence and other top-secret facilities.
The Federal Border Guard Service is responsible for border
protection and coast guard.
4. The Federal Migration Service is the federal executive
body that implements the state policy on migration. The Federal
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