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Файл:Английский язык в сфере строительства. Учебное пособие для студентов направления подготовки бакалавров 08.03.01-Строительство
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
БЕЛГОРОДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ. В.Г.ШУХОВА
(БГТУ ИМ. В.Г. ШУХОВА)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Утверждено
научно-методическим советом
университета
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
В СФЕРЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА
Учебное пособие для студентов
направления подготовки бакалавров
08.03.01-Строительство
Белгород 2020
3
УДК 811.111(07)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
К 61
Колосова Э.Р., ст.преп. каф. ин. яз. БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова.
Могутова О.А., ст.преп. каф. ин. яз. БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова.
Рецензенты: С. И. Гарагуля, доктор филол. наук, проф. БГТУ им.
В.Г. Шухова;
С. С. Алешкевич, канд. филол. наук, доц. каф. ин. яз. БУКЭП.
К61
Английский язык в сфере строительства: Учебное пособие
для студентов направления подготовки бакалавров 08.03.01Строительство/ Колосова Э. Р., Могутова О. А – Белгород: Изд-во
БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова, 2020. – 80 с.
The manual is written in accordance with the program of foreign languages for non-linguistic
universities.
The purpose of this textbook is to teach students to read, translate technical texts and conduct
a conversation in the specialty in English. The textbook presents a variety of texts on subjects close to
the specialty of students. The exercises will help to work out the texts carefully which will ensure their
full and accurate understanding.
This publication is intended for both classroom and independent work.
Учебное пособие подготовлено в соответствии с программой по иностранным языкам
для неязыковых вузов.
Цель данного учебного пособия – научить студентов читать, переводить технические
тексты и вести беседу по специальности на английском языке. В учебном пособии
представлены разнообразные тексты по близкой к специальности студентов тематике.
Упражнения помогут тщательно проработать тексты, что обеспечит их полное и точное
понимание.
Данное издание предназначено как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы.
УДК 811.111(07)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
К 61
© Белгородский государственный
технологический университет
(БГТУ) им. В. Г. Шухова, 2020
4
Предисловие
Предлагаемое учебно-методическое указание разработано на
основании типовой программы обучения иностранным языкам в неязыковых
вузах с учетом современных требований гуманитаризации высшего
технического образования.
Цель пособия — ознакомить студентов с текстами по специальности,
помочь овладеть необходимым лексическим минимумом, создать типовые
для данной специализации ситуационные модели с целью активизации
монологической и диалогической беседы по данным темам. Задача пособия подвести студентов к самостоятельному чтению и пониманию оригинальной
научно-технической литературы на английском языке, применяя структуру и
содержание пособия, и, соблюдая основной принцип дидактики от простого к
более сложному.
Пособие состоит из 11 уроков. Урок включает в себя 2 текста,
тематический словарь и лексико-речевые упражнения, предназначенные для
развития навыков поискового чтения, направленных на проверку понимания
и развития навыков извлечения частичной или полной информации, а также
тексты для дополнительного чтения..
Каждый урок рассчитан на дифференцированный подход в обучении
студентов, на их языковую подготовку.
Все учебные материалы пособия носят исключительно
профессионально-ориентированный, функциональный характер.
5
Content
Unit 1 ........................................................................................................... 6
Unit 2 ......................................................................................................... 10
Unit 3 ......................................................................................................... 14
Unit 4 ......................................................................................................... 19
Unit 5 ......................................................................................................... 24
UNIT 6 ........................................................................................................ 28
UNIT 7 ........................................................................................................ 32
UNIT 8 ........................................................................................................ 36
UNIT 9 ........................................................................................................ 40
UNIT 10 ...................................................................................................... 44
Unit 11 ....................................................................................................... 48
SUPPLEMENTARY READING ........................................................................ 54
6
Unit 1
Text A
1. Read the text and get ready to speak about the history of building:
FROM THE HISTORY OF BUILDING
The history of building extends as far back as that of civilization itself. The
purposes of modern buildings differ widely, but all of them originate from the
efforts of primitive men to protect themselves from stormy weather, wild animals
and human enemies. In prehistoric times men looked for protection under the
branches of trees, some covered themselves with skins of animals to protect
themselves from cold and rain; others settled in caves.
Primitive building required practically no tools and depended upon the
more piling up of stones or sun-dried bricks for walls and the using of branches for
roofs. The invention of tools permitted the cutting of stones and timbers. The later
use of finer tools with the transition to bronze, is marked by the Egyptian pyramids
and temples, while the coming of the Iron Age brought tools which made possible
the development of carpentry and fine accurate stone cutting. Most of the buildings
of old times was based upon the column and beam method of construction.
Great changes in building methods together with numerous mechanical
inventions and the appearance of new materials (such as concrete) resulted in great
buildings being erected during the following centuries. The middle of the 19th
century, with the use of steam and electricity saw deep changes in the entire range
of building.
The modern building is designed by an architect who calls to his assistance
consulting and technical services for the various mechanical and engineering
factors, which enter into it.
7
Taken as a whole, modern building constitutes a vital element of national
industry. The great problem still ahead of building is to help satisfy such urgent
social needs as minimum-cost housing and the elimination of excessive city
congestion.
2. Read the following words and memorize them:
assistance – помощь
beam - балка
brick – кирпич
carpentry - плотничество
cave – пещера
concrete – бетон
construction – строительство
foundation – фундамент
invention – изобретение
primitive – первобытный
roof - крыша
skin - шкура
stone – камень
timber – лесоматериал
to cover – покрывать
to cut – обрабатывать, резать
to depend upon– зависеть от
to design – проектировать
to extend – расширять, простираться
to permit – позволять
to require - требовать
to satisfy – удовлетворять
tool - инструмент
transition - переход
urgent – настоятельный
use – применение
vital - жизненный
3. Answer the following questions:
1) How far back does the history of building extend?
2) Where did primitive people look for protection?
3) What kind of tools did the Iron Age bring?
8
4) What were the factors that made possible the erection of great buildings?
5) When did great changes start happening in the entire range of building?
6) What is the great problem still facing builders all over the world?
4. Translate into English:
1. История строительства берет начало от самой цивилизации.
2. В каменном веке стала возможной обработка камня и развитие столярного
дела.
3. Большинство строений того времени были основаны на методе
использования колонн и балок.
4. Современные здания проектируются инженером, который использует
помощь архитектора и других технических служб.
5. Все еще существует проблема свести до минимума стоимость жилья и
ликвидировать чрезмерное перенаселение городов.
5. Divide the following words into synonymous groups:
employment, allow, entire, whole, the majority,
assistance, various, help, different, most of, permit, use
6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
1) The history of building extends …
2) Modern buildings originate from …
3) The invention of tools permitted …
4) The middle of the 19th century saw …
5) The modern building is designed …
6) Modern building constitutes …
7. Make up sentences from the given words:
a) permitted, the, of tools, of stones, the cutting, timbers, invention.
b) a vital element, constitutes , modern, of, national industry, building.
c) consulting, calls, technical, to his assistance, and, services, architect.
8. Fill the gaps with the correct form of the verb.
Translate the sentences into Russian.
1) Modern building ____________(constitute) a vital element of
national industry.
9
2) The purposes of modern buildings _________( differ) widely.
3) Our university __________(train) highly-skilled specialists for
the industry of building materials.
4) The middle of the 19th century, with the use of steam and
electricity ______(see) deep changes in the entire range of building.
5) Primitive building _________ (require) practically no tools.
9. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell it in English.
Text B
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN PROGRAMMING
The design of a building begins with its future user or owner, who has in
mind a perceived need for the structure, as well as a specific site and a general idea
of its projected cost.
The user, or client, brings these facts to a team of design professionals
composed of architects and engineers, who can develop from them a set of
construction documents that define the proposed building exactly and from which
it can be constructed. Building design professionals include those licensed by the
state-such as architects and structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers-who
must formally certify that the building they design will conform to all governmental
codes and regulations.
Architects are the primary design professionals; they orchestrate and direct
the work of engineers, as well as many other consultants in such specialized areas
as lighting, acoustics, and vertical transportation. The design professionals draw
upon a number of sources in preparing their design. The most fundamental of these
is building science, which has been gradually built up over the past 300 years. This
includes the parts of physical theory that relate to building, such as the elastic theory
of structures and theories of light, electricity, and fluid flow.
There is a large compendium of information on the specific properties of
building materials that can be applied in mathematical models to reliably project
building performance. There is also a large body of data on criteria for human
comfort in such matters as thermal environment, lighting levels, and sound levels
that influence building design. In addition to general knowledge of building science,
the design team collects specific data related to the proposed building site. These
include topographic and boundary surveys, investigations of subsoil conditions for
foundation and water-exclusion design, and climate data and other local elements.
Concurrently with the collection of the site data, the design team works with the
10
client to better define the often vague notions of building function into more precise
and concrete terms.
These definitions are summarized in a building space program, which gives
a detailed written description of each required space in terms of floor area,
equipment, and functional performance criteria. This document forms an agreement
between the client and the design team as to expect building size and performance.
1. Read and translate the text.
2. Write down 15 unfamiliar words and make sentences with them.
3. Give a short summary of the text.
Unit 2
Text A
1. Read the text and get ready to speak about civil engineering:
CIVIL ENGINEERING
The word "engineering" means the art of designing, constructing, or using
engines. But this word is now applied in a more extended sense. It is applied also
to the art of executing such works as the objects of civil and military architecture,
in which engines or other mechanical appliances аrе used.
Engineering is a science which deals with design, construction and
operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices used in industry and
everyday life. The most widely used Russian equivalents are: техника,
строительство, машиностроение, инженерное дело.
Engineering is divided into manу branches. The most important of them
аrе: civil, mеchanicаl, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine, and sanitary
еnginеering. While the definition "civi1 engineering" dates back only two centuries,
the profession of civil engineer is as old as civilized life.
The term "engineering" is a modern one. However, the art of building
houses, palaces, temples, pyramids and other structures was known as far as many
thousand years ago. Now we call it "civi1 engineering". Up to about the middle of
the 18th century there were two main branches of engineering-civil and military.
The former included the building of houses, roads, bridges, etc.; the latter the
building of fortifications and military devices.
11
But lаtеr there саmе а remarkable series of mechaniсаl inventions, great
discoveries in electrical science and atomic energy. It led to the diffеrеntiаtion of
mechanical, electrical, nuclear engineering, etc. Architecture, which up to the
18th century had bееn considered а brаnсh of engineering had bесоmе a
profession bу itself. Тhе term "civil engineering" has therefore two distinct
meanings. In the widest and oldest sense it includes all non-military branches of
engineering as it did two centures ago. But in its narrower, and at the present day
morе correct sense, civil engineering includes mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, metallurgical, and mining engineering. Неге аrе some fields of civil
engineering.
1. Housing, industrial, and agricultural construction.
2. Structural engineering which comprises the construction of all fixed
structures with their foundations.
3. Тhе construction of highways and city streets and pavements.
4. The construction of railroads.
5. The construction of harbours and canals.
6. Hydraulic engineering which includes the construction of dams and роwеr
plants.
Nowadays, civil engineering may be spoken of as an important branch
of national economy.
2. Read the following words and memorize them:
civil engineering – гражданское строительство
mechanical engineering - машиностроение
nuclear engineering – ядерная техника
mining engineering – горное дело
military engineering – военно-инженерное дело
marine engineering – морское дело
may be spoken of as – можно назвать (считать)
branch – отрасль
design - проектировать, конструировать
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