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Файл:Mind Matters English for Clinical Psychologists. Учебное пособие
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61
“I understand how difficult this must be.”
“Let’s focus on what we can do to support Stephanie safely.”
“Substance dependence is a medical condition, not a moral failure.”
5. Discuss these questions in pairs or small groups
1. Why is it important to recognize early signs of substance abuse?
2. How can family members help a person with addiction without enabling the
behavior?
3. What ethical challenges might a clinical psychologist face when working with
patients in denial?
4. Should Brandon confront Stephanie alone or with professional help? Why?
5. How can psychologists prevent relapse after treatment?
6. Write a short case report (120–150 words) summarizing the situation from the
psychologist’s perspective
Use professional language and include:
Background information (who, what happened)
Observed symptoms or behavioral signs
Suggested intervention strategies
Possible risks if no action is taken
Example opening:
The patient’s sister reports behavioral changes suggesting a relapse into
substance abuse. Observable symptoms include deception, borrowing money,
and withdrawal from work responsibilities...
7. Ask students to record a short monologue (1–2 minutes) as if they were
Brandon after the conversation, reflecting on what he feels and what actions he
plans to take
Schizophrenia
Hallucination [həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən] — галлюцинация
Delusion [dɪˈluːʒən] — бред, ложное убеждение
Psychosis [saɪˈkəʊsɪs] — психоз
Disorganized speech [dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪzd spiːtʃ] — дезорганизованная речь
Antipsychotic medication [ˌæntaɪsaɪˈkɒtɪk ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən] — антипсихотическое
лекарство
Cognitive impairment [ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv ɪmˈpeəmənt] — когнитивное нарушение
Social withdrawal [ˈsəʊʃəl wɪðˈdrɔːəl] — социальная изоляция
Relapse [rɪˈlæps] — рецидив
Insight [ˈɪnsaɪt] — осознание болезни
Rehabilitation [ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən] — реабилитация
62
1. Read and translate the text
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects the way
a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Individuals with schizophrenia often
experience psychosis, a state in which they lose contact with reality. The
disorder usually appears in late adolescence or early adulthood and affects
about 1% of the global population.
One of the main symptoms of schizophrenia is hallucination, especially
auditory hallucinations, when a person hears voices that are not real. These
voices may comment on the person’s actions, insult them, or give commands.
Another common symptom is delusion, a false belief that is resistant to
evidence. For example, a person might believe that others are spying on them or
controlling their thoughts. Along with these symptoms, people may also
experience disorganized speech, cognitive impairments, and emotional
disturbances such as flat affect or inappropriate reactions.
The causes of schizophrenia are complex and multifactorial. Research
shows that genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors all play
important roles. An imbalance of dopamine and glutamate, two key
neurotransmitters, is believed to contribute to the development of psychotic
symptoms. Stressful life events, trauma, or substance abuse may also trigger the
disorder in vulnerable individuals.
The treatment of schizophrenia usually involves a combination of
antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and social rehabilitation. Antipsychotic
drugs help reduce hallucinations and delusions by stabilizing brain chemistry,
but they may have side effects such as weight gain, fatigue, or tremors.
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), helps patients
develop coping strategies and improve their insight into the illness.
Rehabilitation programs focus on social skills training, vocational support, and
community integration.
Despite effective treatments, many patients face social withdrawal and
stigma, which can prevent them from seeking help. Relapse is also common,
especially if patients stop taking medication or experience high levels of stress.
Therefore, long-term treatment and family support are essential for recovery.
Modern psychiatry emphasizes the importance of early detection and
intervention. When treated promptly, individuals with schizophrenia can lead
productive and meaningful lives. Educating society about the disorder reduces
prejudice and helps build a more compassionate and inclusive environment for
those affected.
63
Schizophrenia remains one of the most challenging mental health
conditions, but continuous advances in neuroscience, medication, and therapy
offer hope for better outcomes and improved quality of life.
2. Match the terms with their definitions
Hallucination
Delusion
Psychosis
Rehabilitation
Insight
a) A false belief not based on reality
b) Understanding and awareness of one’s illness
c) A process of recovery and reintegration into normal life
d) Loss of contact with reality
e) Seeing or hearing things that are not real
3. Answer the questions in full sentences
1. What are the main symptoms of schizophrenia?
2. What factors can cause the disorder?
3. Why is long-term treatment important?
4. What role does society play in helping people with schizophrenia?
4. Write down the sentences in a notebook and mark each statement as T (True)
or F (False) according to the text. Correct the false statements using your own
words
1. Schizophrenia is caused only by environmental factors.
2. Antipsychotic medication can completely cure schizophrenia.
3. Early intervention can improve the outcome.
Social stigma can make recovery more difficult.
5. Discuss in pairs:
What challenges do people with schizophrenia face in everyday life?
How can psychologists help reduce stigma in society?
6. Imagine: you are a clinical psychologist meeting a new patient who reports
hearing voices. Prepare and act out a short dialogue using professional language
“Can you describe the voices you hear?” / “Do they say anything specific?” /
“How does it make you feel?”
7. Write a short paragraph (150 words)
“Why early intervention is important in treating schizophrenia.” Use at least
5 words from the vocabulary list.
64
Word Formation in Medical and Psychological English
Common Suffixes in Medical English
Word Type
Common Suffixes
Example
Meaning / Use
Noun
-tion / -sion
rehabilitation,
confusion
Process or result of an
action
-ment
treatment,
development
Result or state
-ity
disability, stability
Quality or condition
-ist / -ian
psychologist,
clinician
Person or specialist
Adjective
-al / -ic
psychological,
clinical
Related to a field or topic
-ive
cognitive,
depressive
Having the quality of
-ed / -ing
confused /
confusing
Feeling / causing
something
Verb
-ate
rehabilitate, activate
To make or to cause
Adverb
-ly
mentally, clinically
Describes how something
happens
Prefixes Often Used in Psychology
Prefix
Meaning
Example
dis-
opposite, not
disorder, disconnect
re-
again
recover, rehabilitate
anti-
against
antipsychotic,
antidepressant
pre-
before
prenatal, predisposition
hyper-
over, excessive
hyperactivity
hypo-
under, below
hypothermia
The patient showed signs of depression (noun) and required
antidepressant (adjective) treatment to improve his mental (adjective) health.
65
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets and write
down them in a notebook
1. Patients with schizophrenia often experience ________ (confuse) thinking.
2. The doctor prescribed an ________ (antipsychotic) drug.
3. Family support plays an important role in ________ (rehabilitate).
4. Some patients lose ________ (insight) into their illness.
5. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help reduce ________ (anxious) symptoms.
2. Match the word roots (Column A) with the correct suffixes (Column B) to form
meaningful terms
Write full words: e.g., psych + -ic = psychic.
A (Root)
B (Suffix)
1. psych-
a. -sion
2. depress-
b. -osis
3. confus-
c. -ic
4. neu-
d. -ion
5. hypn-
e. -therapy
3. Fill in the missing word forms and write down them in a notebook
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
treat
__________
__________
__________
analyze
__________
__________
__________
depress
__________
__________
__________
confuse
__________
__________
__________
rehabilitate
__________
__________
__________
4. Add a suitable prefix to each base word to create a medical or psychological
term and write down them in a notebook
Example: normal → abnormal
order → ________
active → ________
connect → ________
stress → ________
patient → ________
5. Choose the correct form of the word to complete each sentence. Write down
them in a notebook
1. The doctor emphasized the need for early (diagnose / diagnosis / diagnostic).
2. The patient showed signs of (addiction / addictive / addict) behavior.
66
3. The psychologist worked on the client’s (motivate / motivation / motivational)
problems.
4. (Therapy / Therapeutic / Therapist) relationships are essential in clinical
psychology.
5. The study aimed to improve (understand / understanding / understandable) of
PTSD.
6. Word transformation quiz and write down the sentences in a notebook.
Transform the word in CAPITALS to fit each sentence.
1. Some patients need long-term __________ care. (PSYCHOLOGY)
2. The treatment proved to be __________ effective. (CLINIC)
3. The doctor made a detailed __________ of the disorder. (DIAGNOSE)
4. The patient showed __________ behavior after medication. (STABLE)
5. __________ can be caused by long-term stress. (DEPRESS)
7. Combine the words to create professional expressions used in clinical
psychology
Column A
Column B
1. Cognitive
a. disorder
2. Mental
b. therapy
3. Psychological
c. health
4. Emotional
d. instability
5. Behavioral
e. approach
Follow the link or scan QR-code and watch the video
(https://cloud.mail.ru/public/qqex/nT9unBMiR)
1. After watching the video, discuss in pairs or small
groups
1. What were your first reactions to the simulation?
2. Which part of the video made the strongest impression on you — visual or
auditory hallucinations?
3. How do you think such simulations can help psychologists and the general
public understand schizophrenia?
Use phrases:
“It gave me a sense of…” / “It must be terrifying for patients who…” / “From a
clinical perspective…”
67
2. Match the terms to their definitions, then use them in your own short
explanations of what you saw in the video
Term
Definition
1. hallucination
a sensory experience of something that does not exist
outside the mind
2. delusion
a false belief resistant to reason or confrontation with reality
3. psychosis
a mental state characterized by a loss of contact with reality
4. auditory
perception
the process of recognizing and interpreting sounds
5. empathy
the ability to understand and share another person’s feelings
Now, in small groups, describe 2–3 scenes from the video using these terms:
“In this scene, the character experiences an auditory hallucination, which may
lead to social withdrawal and fear…”
3. Prepare a 2-minute reflection presentation. Combine emotional and clinical
perspectives
“What I learned about schizophrenia from this simulation.”
68
FINAL TASKS
1. Choose the correct option
1. What is the most common mental disorder in the United States?
a) Schizophrenia
b) Bipolar Disorder
c) Anxiety Disorders
d) Major Depressive Disorder
2. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD)?
a) Excessive worry
b) Panic attacks
c) Restlessness
d) Difficulty concentrating
3. Which mental disorder is characterized by episodes of mood swings ranging
from depressive lows to manic highs?
a) Major Depressive Disorder
b) Bipolar Disorder
c) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
d) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
4. What is the primary treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)?
a) Electroconvulsive therapy
b) Medication and behavioral therapy
c) Psychoanalysis
d) Nutritional supplements
2. Write down the sentences in a notebook and mark each statement as T (True)
or F (False) according to the text. Correct the false statements using your own
words
5. Schizophrenia is often characterized by hallucinations and delusions.
6. Eating disorders only affect women.
7. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for many mental
disorders.
69
3. Short Answer Questions
8. Name two common symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder.
9. What is the difference between a phobia and generalized anxiety disorder?
10. Briefly explain what Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is.
4. Guess the puzzles
I=E
'
''
'
WINT=H
1,2,3,5
Y
70
Extra Tasks
1. Choose the correct answer for each question. Only one option is correct
1. Psychopathology primarily studies
a) Normal brain function
b) Mental disorders and abnormal
behavior
c) Social interactions
d) Cognitive development
2. The term "etiology" refers to
a) Symptoms of a disorder
b) Causes/origins of a disorder
c) Treatment methods
d) Diagnostic criteria
3. Which system is used globally for
mental disorder classification?
a) DSM-5
b) ICD-11
c) ICD-10
d) DSM-4
4. A key criterion for abnormal behavior
is
a) Statistical rarity
b) Personal distress
c) High intelligence
d) Cultural conformity
5. Neurasthenia is characterized by
a) Hallucinations
b) Chronic fatigue and irritability
c) Manic episodes
d) Memory loss
6. Which disorder involves intrusive
thoughts and compulsions?
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
b) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
c) Dissociative Disorder
d) Schizophrenia
7. A phobia is an example of
a) Mood disorder
b) Neurotic disorder
c) Psychotic disorder
d) Personality disorder
8. Neurotic behavior often includes
a) Loss of contact with reality
b) Excessive anxiety without psychosis
c) Severe personality disintegration
d) Only physical symptoms
9. Anterograde amnesia affects
a) Recall of past memories
b) Formation of new memories
c) Emotional regulation
d) Face recognition
10. Confabulation is common in
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Schizophrenia
d) PTSD
11. Emotional lability refers to
a) Lack of emotions
b) Rapid mood shifts
c) Chronic low mood
d) Repressed emotions
12. Major Depressive Disorder involves
a) Persistent sadness and loss of
interest
b) Extreme mood swings
c) Delusions
d) Social withdrawal only
13. Narcolepsy involves
a) Sleepwalking
b) Uncontrollable daytime sleep attacks
c) Night terrors
d) Breathing interruptions
14. Borderline Personality Disorder is
marked by
a) Grandiose self-image
b) Emotional instability and fear of
abandonment
c) Lack of empathy
d) Rigid perfectionism
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